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1.
Neurosci Lett ; 737: 135319, 2020 10 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32846220

RESUMEN

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is implicated in maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment in mammals. Therefore, changes occurring in the ANS can cause alterations of physiological phenomena. Ethyl hexanoate (EH) is known as the aroma component of apples. To study the action of ethyl hexanoate on physiological phenomena, we examined the effect of an intragastric (IG) injection of 1 mL/kg body weight of 0.1 ppm EH solution on sympathetic nerve activity innervating the brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in anesthetized rats. Consequently, IG administration of EH increased activity of the sympathetic nerves innervating both the BAT and WAT. In addition, the effects of the IG injection on body temperature above the interscapular BAT and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration were also examined in conscious rats. In this attempt IG injection of EH elevated both the body temperature and plasma FFA levels. Furthermore, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy eliminated the effects of EH on sympathetic nerves innervating BAT and WAT. These findings suggest that EH causes excitations of sympathetic nerves innervating BAT and WAT, and enhances thermogenesis and lipolysis via the afferent vagus nerve. Thus, these present findings also suggest the possibility that EH might have anti-obesity effects.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo Pardo/inervación , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/inervación , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Caproatos/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Termogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
2.
Amino Acids ; 51(1): 39-48, 2019 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29926197

RESUMEN

We previously obtained evidence suggesting that physical exercise increases the release of L-carnosine (CAR) from muscles and that CAR affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological phenomena in rats. It has also been reported that exercise elicits an increase in activity of the sympathetic nerve innervating the skeletal muscle. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of CAR application, onto the surface of the right femoral muscle, on activity of the sympathetic nerve innervating the left femoral muscle, in urethane-anesthetized rats. Topical application of 10 pg (44.2 fmol) of CAR increased either skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (skeletal muscle-SNA) or skeletal muscle blood flow (skeletal muscle-BF) of the contralateral skeletal muscle. Furthermore, thioperamide, a histamine H3-antagonist, inhibited the increase in skeletal muscle-SNA, and butoxamine, a ß2-antagonist, abolished the increase in skeletal muscle-BF caused by topical application of CAR. The present results suggest that CAR released from muscles during physical exercise might affect skeletal muscle-SNA and skeletal muscle-BF on the opposite side of the body via a CAR evoked effect in muscles.


Asunto(s)
Carnosina/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacología , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/efectos de los fármacos , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo/fisiología , Butoxamina/farmacología , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Cinética , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/inervación , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/irrigación sanguínea , Simpaticolíticos/farmacología , Transmisión Sináptica/fisiología
3.
Neurosci Lett ; 591: 144-148, 2015 Mar 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25703224

RESUMEN

L-Carnosine is synthesized in mammalian muscles and brain and affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological phenomena. To clarify the role of l-carnosine, the effects of intraduodenal administration of l-carnosine on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (muscle-SNA) and blood flow (BF) were examined. The changes in muscle-SNA and BF were examined using electrophysiological and Doppler flowmeter in urethane-anesthetized rats. The effect of propranolol, a ß-adrenergic antagonist, on the increase in muscle BF due to l-carnosine was also examined. Low dose (1µg/300g body weight [bw]) of l-carnosine increased both muscle-SNA and muscle BF, while high dese (100mg/300g bw) of l-carnosine decreased both muscle-SNA and muscle BF. Furthermore, propranolol eliminated the increase in muscle BF caused by a low dose of l-carnosine. These results suggest that l-carnosine has dose-dependent effects on muscle BF via changes in muscle-SNA, and the ß-adrenergic receptor is implicated in the increase in muscle BF due to l-carnosine.


Asunto(s)
Carnosina/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/irrigación sanguínea , Músculo Esquelético/inervación , Propranolol/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional
4.
Skin Res Technol ; 17(1): 75-81, 2011 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20923465

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We observed that olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil elevated the activities of sympathetic nerves, and increased the plasma glycerol concentration and blood pressure. In contrast, olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil had opposite effects in rats. These suggest that changes in autonomic activities cause physiological functions via histaminergic H1 and H3 receptor. Moreover, it has been reported that somatic sensory stimulation affected autonomic neurotransmission. To examine effects of skin application of urea-containing cream on cutaneous arterial sympathetic nerve activity (CASNA), blood flow, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). METHOD: The activity of CASNA was determined by electrophysiological method, and cutaneous blood flow was determined using laser flowmeter in urethane-anesthetized rats, TEWL was measured using VapoMeter in the back skin of HWY hairless rats. RESULTS: CASNA was markedly and significantly inhibited by skin application of 10% urea-containing cream, whereas cutaneous blood flow was significantly elevated via histaminergic H3-receptor. In conscious hairless rats, TEWL was significantly decreased 24 h after application of 10% urea-containing cream to the back skin. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that skin application of 10% urea-containing cream increases the cutaneous blood flow and water retaining ability, and that histaminergic H3-receptors may mediate these effects.


Asunto(s)
Emolientes/farmacología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Urea/farmacología , Agua/metabolismo , Administración Tópica , Anestésicos Intravenosos , Animales , Estado de Conciencia , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/farmacología , Masculino , Maleatos/farmacología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas sin Pelo , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Piel/inervación , Piel/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Uretano
5.
Neurosci Lett ; 461(1): 30-5, 2009 Sep 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19497350

RESUMEN

Changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system are good indicators of alterations in physiological phenomena such as the body temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure. Hesperidin, a flavanone known as vitamin P, has been shown to reduce the levels of serum lipids, cholesterol, and blood pressure. However, hesperidin is not water-soluble and is not well absorbed from the intestine. G-hesperidin (4G-alpha-glucopyranosyl hesperidin) is more water-soluble and more rapidly absorbed than hesperidin. In order to clarify the functions of G-hesperidin, we examined the effects of oral administration of G-hesperidin on interscapular brown adipose tissue-sympathetic nerve activity (BAT-SNA) and cutaneous sympathetic nerve activity (CASNA) in rats weighing about 300 g. In this study, we found that oral administration of 60 mg of G-hesperidin increased the BAT-SNA but decreased the CASNA in urethane-anesthetized rats. Since an elevation in BAT-SNA increases heat production (i.e. body temperature (BT)) and a decrease in CASNA increases cutaneous perfusion, we examined whether oral administration of G-hesperidin had an effect on the peripheral BT in rats. Consequently, we observed that the subcutaneous BT at the caudal end of the back after oral administration of 60 mg of G-hesperidin was significantly higher than the subcutaneous BT after oral administration of water in conscious rats. These findings suggest that G-hesperidin enhances the BAT-SNA and suppresses the CASNA resulting in an increase in the peripheral BT, probably by an increase in the thermogenesis in the BAT and an elevation in the cutaneous blood flow.


Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo Pardo/inervación , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Hesperidina/análogos & derivados , Hesperidina/farmacología , Piel/inervación , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Animales , Hesperidina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
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