Asunto(s)
Heces/microbiología , Yersinia enterocolitica/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Gastroenteritis/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Humanos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Yersiniosis/diagnóstico , Yersiniosis/epidemiología , Yersiniosis/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Heces/microbiología , Yersinia enterocolitica/aislamiento & purificación , Argentina/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Yersiniosis/diagnóstico , Yersiniosis/epidemiología , Yersiniosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Care for the critically ill patient requires maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion/oxygenation. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring is frequently utilized to achieve these objectives. Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) allow measurement of hemodynamic variables that cannot be measured reliably or continuously by less invasive means. Inherent to every medical intervention are risks associated with that intervention. This review categorizes complications associated with the PAC into four broad groups--complications of central venous access; complications related to PAC insertion and manipulation; complications associated with short- or long-term presence of the PAC in the cardiovascular system; and errors resulting from incorrect interpretation/use of PAC-derived data. We will discuss each of these four broad categories, followed by in-depth descriptions of the most common and most serious individual complications.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo de Swan-Ganz/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efectos adversos , Falla de Equipo , Humanos , Errores Médicos/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The white sea bream, Diplodus sargus (Teleostei, Sparidae), is a species with a high commercial importance in Mediterranean aquaculture. There is currently little information available about the genetic characteristics of cultured populations. In this survey, we have developed eight polymorphic microsatellites for the white sea bream using an enriched genome library protocol. All of them were polymorphic in the 67 individuals tested, 32 of which were wild specimens, and 35 were individuals from a captive F(1) broodstock. These markers can potentially be useful tools for use in population genetic studies.
RESUMEN
Insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) play an important role as modulators of development, growth, and reproduction. This study aimed to isolate the IGF-I and IGF-II cDNAs and determine their temporal expression pattern in different organs and throughout larval development in Senegal sole. The rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to obtain both full-length IGFs sequences. A high sequence similarity with other teleosts sequences was observed. Domains B and A revealed as the most evolutionary conserved. Steady-state copy numbers of IGF-I and IGF-II were also quantified in different Senegal sole tissues by real-time PCR. IGF-I and IGF-II expressed ubiquitously with the highest mRNA levels in liver (88 x 10(6) molecules/microg total RNA) and gills (14.0 x 10(6) molecules/microg total RNA) respectively. IGF-II mRNA levels were higher than IGF-I in prehatching embryos and premetamorphic larvae with a significant drop before the commencement of eye migration in metamorphosis. The abundance of IGF-II transcripts correlated positively with the growth rate during larval development. The putative role of IGF-II on metamorphosis and larval growth is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Embrión no Mamífero/fisiología , Peces Planos/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Embrión no Mamífero/embriología , Femenino , Peces Planos/embriología , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN MensajeroRESUMEN
Metal accumulation and some of their biochemical effects have been studied in oysters (Crassostrea angulata) and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) of the South Atlantic Spanish littoral. Especial attention has been paid to antioxidant defences and oxidative damage to biomolecules. Deep differences in the response of oysters and mussels to metal pollution were found. Oysters, with the higher metal loads of both species, showed increased antioxidant defences, and less extensive oxidative damage. In contrast, mussels, which accumulated much lower metal concentrations, showed clear increases in oxidized biomolecules, in agreement with their low increases in the antioxidant defence mechanisms. Our results suggest that mussels are more sensitive and less well adapted to metal pollution, probably explaining their absence in the most contaminated studied site, Mazagón. We conclude that oysters can be used as more sensitive bioindicator of pollution in the South Spanish littoral, and as a suitable model to study the adaptation to metal pollution.
Asunto(s)
Ecosistema , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Metales Pesados/toxicidad , Mariscos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Biodegradación Ambiental , Bivalvos/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Colorimetría , Cobre/análisis , Cobre/toxicidad , ADN/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Metalotioneína/análisis , Metales Pesados/análisis , Ostreidae/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , España , Taurina/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Zinc/análisis , Zinc/toxicidadRESUMEN
In order to obtain shared reference limits, three laboratories in the same geographical area with a homogeneous population have developed a proposal to produce multicentric reference values. The strategy simulates a virtual laboratory, actually formed by the laboratories involved; the reference limits produced in the virtual laboratory are in fact derived from the blend of reference values obtained by each laboratory. Each laboratory has chosen its own reference sample and has measured the biochemical quantities under study. Reference individuals (n = 171) and 15 biochemical quantities among the most measured in clinical laboratories were selected. The reference values obtained in each laboratory were blended when permitted by the Harris & Boyd test (Clin Chem 1990; 36:265-70). The multicentric reference limits obtained by the virtual laboratory for each quantity were estimated according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. For each quantity, each laboratory, with the results observed in their reference sample, estimated the diagnostic specificity, using as cut-off values the corresponding multicentric reference limits. Each observed value of diagnostic specificity was compared with the theoretical diagnostic specificity value, equal to 0.975, that should be observed when a reference limit is used as cut-off value. The multicentric reference limits obtained by the virtual laboratory are valid in all cases with the exception of the upper reference limit for the concentrations of calcium(II) and urate in serum in one of the laboratories.
Asunto(s)
Pruebas de Química Clínica/normas , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
We evaluated 31 patients from the ABS La Gavarra in Cornellà de Llobregat who fulfilled the following criteria: they were male, they had mild to moderate chronic limitation to airflow (CLAF), their disease and/or other accompanying conditions were stable, and they were receiving chronic slow release theophylline therapy. We investigated theophylline blood levels in these patients, attempting to correct the doses when appropriate, and we correlated the therapeutic levels with the subjective clinical improvement, which was also assessed by peak flow meter values. A total of 60% of patients had therapeutic levels. After correcting the dose, 64% had therapeutic levels with an increase of spirometric values of 4%. This improvement has small clinical relevance as it does not reach the expected 15%. The results of this study help to reassess the leading role of theophyllines in the therapeutic armamentarium available for CLAF.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ápice del Flujo Espiratorio , Teofilina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/fisiopatología , Masculino , Teofilina/administración & dosificación , Teofilina/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A qualitative technique for determining microalbuminuria (Micro-Bumintest) was compared with nephelometry testing in 129 DMNID outpatients with the purpose of validating the method in our medium. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the Micro-Bumintest are calculated with respect to 40, 20, and 17 micrograms/ml, which are figures that indicate a risk of early mortality and/or nephropathy. The sensitivity rates are 100, 85, and 69.2%, and the specificity 91.5, 96.3, and 97%, respectively. Our results were compared as well with those of other authors. The correlation between the Micro-Bumintest and nephelometry was 0.59 (p less than 0.005). The intra- and inter-observer variability is minimal. The conclusion that was drawn is that the Micro-Bumintest is reliable for concentrations greater than 40 micrograms/ml, losing some sensitivity in lower concentrations when applied in the control of primary care patients with DMNID.