RESUMEN
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a typical tropical oil crop with a temperature of 26-28 °C, providing approximately 35% of the total world's vegetable oil. Growth and productivity are significantly affected by low-temperature stress, resulting in inhibited growth and substantial yield losses. To comprehend the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the response and acclimation of oil palm under low-temperature stress, multi-omics approaches, including metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, have emerged as powerful tools. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in multi-omics studies on oil palm under low-temperature stress, including the key findings from omics-based research, highlighting changes in metabolite profiles, protein expression, and gene transcription, as well as including the potential of integrating multi-omics data to reveal novel insights into the molecular networks and regulatory pathways involved in the response to low-temperature stress. This review also emphasizes the challenges and prospects of multi-omics approaches in oil palm research, providing a roadmap for future investigations. Overall, a better understanding of the molecular basis of the response of oil palm to low-temperature stress will facilitate the development of effective breeding and biotechnological strategies to improve the crop's resilience and productivity in changing climate scenarios.
Asunto(s)
Arecaceae , Metabolómica , Proteómica , Transcriptoma , Metabolómica/métodos , Proteómica/métodos , Arecaceae/metabolismo , Arecaceae/genética , Frío , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Estrés Fisiológico , Respuesta al Choque por Frío , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , MultiómicaRESUMEN
AP2/ERF transcription factor genes play an important role in regulating the responses of plants to various abiotic stresses, such as cold, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. However, less is known about the function of oil palm AP2/ERF genes. We previously obtained 172 AP2/ERF genes of oil palm and found that the expression of EgAP2.25 was significantly up-regulated under salinity, cold, or drought stress conditions. In the present study, the sequence characterization and expression analysis for EgAP2.25 were conducted, showing that it was transiently over-expressed in Nicotiana tabacum L. The results indicated that transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing EgAP2.25 could have a stronger tolerance to salinity stress than wild-type tobacco plants. Compared with wild-type plants, the over-expression lines showed a significantly higher germination rate, better plant growth, and less chlorophyll damage. In addition, the improved salinity tolerance of EgAP2.25 transgenic plants was mainly attributed to higher antioxidant enzyme activities, increased proline and soluble sugar content, reduced H2O2 production, and lower MDA accumulation. Furthermore, several stress-related marker genes, including NtSOD, NtPOD, NtCAT, NtERD10B, NtDREB2B, NtERD10C, and NtP5CS, were significantly up-regulated in EgAP2.25 transgenic tobacco plants subjected to salinity stress. Overall, over-expression of the EgAP2.25 gene significantly enhanced salinity stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of the EgAP2.25 gene in conferring salinity tolerance in oil palm.
Asunto(s)
Arecaceae , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Tolerancia a la Sal , Arecaceae/genética , Arecaceae/metabolismo , Germinación/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/fisiología , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Estrés Salino/genética , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
Catalases (CATs) play crucial roles in scavenging H2O2 from reactive oxygen species, controlling the growth and development of plants. So far, genome-wide identification and characterization of CAT genes in oil palm have not been reported. In the present study, five EgCAT genes were obtained through a genome-wide identification approach. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into two subfamilies, with closer genes sharing similar structures. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis demonstrated the conserved nature of intron/exon organization and motifs among the EgCAT genes. Several cis-acting elements related to hormone, stress, and defense responses were identified in the promoter regions of EgCATs. Tissue-specific expression of EgCAT genes in five different tissues of oil palm was also revealed by heatmap analysis using the available transcriptome data. Stress-responsive expression analysis showed that five EgCAT genes were significantly expressed under cold, drought, and salinity stress conditions. Collectively, this study provided valuable information on the oil palm CAT gene family and the validated EgCAT genes can be used as potential candidates for improving abiotic stress tolerance in oil palm and other related crops.
Asunto(s)
Arecaceae , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Catalasa/metabolismo , Filogenia , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Arecaceae/genética , Arecaceae/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Aceite de Palma , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Experiments were conducted to investigate and control pollutant emission from incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola plants on a laboratory scale using an entrained flow tube furnace. Without control technologies, the flue gas contained 0.101 mg Nm(-3) of Cd, 46.4 mg Nm(-3) of Zn, 553 mg Nm(-3) of NOx, 131 pg Nm(-3) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) and 35.4 mg Nm(-3) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In pollutants control experiments. Al2O3, CaO, and kaolin were compared as adsorbents and activated carbon was used as an end-of-pipe method for the capture of pollutants. Kaolin, the most effective of the three adsorbents, removed 91.2% of the Cd in flue gas. While 97.6% of the Cd and 99.6% of the PAHs were removed by activated carbon. Incineration may therefore be regarded as a viable option for the safe disposal of the biomass of the zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulator species S. plumbizincicola.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/prevención & control , Gases/química , Incineración/instrumentación , Metales Pesados/química , Sedum/química , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/química , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Benzofuranos/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Cadmio/metabolismo , Compuestos de Calcio/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Ceniza del Carbón/química , Dibenzofuranos Policlorados , Calor , Incineración/métodos , Caolín/química , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Óxidos de Nitrógeno/química , Óxidos/química , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análogos & derivados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/química , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Sedum/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A climate-controlled pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting alfalfa and applying organic fertilizer on the dissipation of benzo[a]pyrene from an aged contaminated agricultural soil. RESULTS: Short-term planting of alfalfa inhibited the dissipation of benzo[a]pyrene from the soil by 8.9%, and organic fertilizer enhanced benzo[a]pyrene removal from the soil by 11.6% compared with the unplanted and unfertilized treatments, respectively. No significant interaction was observed between alfalfa and organic fertilizer on benzo[a]pyrene dissipation. Sterilization completely inhibited the removal of benzo[a]pyrene from the soil indicating that its degradation by indigenous microorganisms may have been the main mechanism of dissipation. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were observed between benzo[a]pyrene removal and the contents of soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and total mineral nitrogen at the end of the experiment, suggesting that competition between plants and microorganisms for nitrogen may have inhibited benzo[a]pyrene dissipation in the rhizosphere of alfalfa and the addition of organic fertilizer may facilitate microbial degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in the soil.
Asunto(s)
Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Fertilizantes , Medicago sativa , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Amoníaco/análisis , Benzo(a)pireno/farmacocinética , Biomasa , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Medicago sativa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Medicago sativa/metabolismo , Nitratos/análisis , Nitrógeno/análisis , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotes de la Planta/metabolismo , Rizosfera , Suelo/química , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Microbe-assisted phytoremediation is emerging as one of the most effective means by which plants and their associated rhizosphere microbes degrade organic contaminants in soils. A pot study was conducted to examine the effects of inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation by alfalfa grown for 90 days in an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Planting with uninoculated alfalfa (P) and alfalfa inoculated with R. meliloti (PR) significantly lowered the initial soil PAH concentrations by 37.2 and 51.4% respectively compared with unplanted control soil. Inoculation with R. meliloti significantly increased the counts of culturable PAH-degrading bacteria, soil microbial activity and the carbon utilization ability of the soil microbial community. The results suggest that the symbiotic association between alfalfa and Rhizobium can stimulate the rhizosphere microflora to degrade PAHs and its application may be a promising bioremediation strategy for aged PAH-contaminated soils.