RESUMEN
We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify a number of previously undescribed chromosomal imbalances in K-562, a spontaneously transformed cell line originally derived from leukemic cells of a chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patient in blast crisis. Noteworthy were a discrete amplification in band 13q31, increased copy number of chromosome arms 1q, 5p, 6p, and 16q, and loss of material from 8p, 9p, 10q, and 17p. Amplification within bands 9q34 and 22q11.2 was consistent with previous descriptions of increased copy number of the CML-specific 5'BCR-3'ABL fusion gene in K-562. However, amplification of a large distal segment, 9q31-->9q34, mostly proximal to the ABL locus, was unexpected and is unlikely to be related to BCR-ABL recombination. Previous karyotype studies are reviewed in detail and compared with the CGH findings.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Femenino , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Amplificación de Genes , Eliminación de Gen , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Indoles , Cariotipificación , Masculino , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
This paper describes a laser scanning technique to measure accurately changes in facial volume. Three potential sources of error were identified: the registration algorithm, the inherent accuracy of the scanner, and the natural minute-to-minute variability of the human face. In experiments performed to discover the relative magnitude and significance of each source of error, the performance of the registration algorithm was found to be limited by the accuracy of the data, being 1.6 cc, on average, measured over the entire face of a plaster model. Scan-to-scan variability in the shape of the human face was measured at 3.3 cc on average. We conclude that laser scanning is a simple, non-invasive, accurate, and reproducible means of assessing changes in facial volume.
Asunto(s)
Cefalometría/métodos , Cara/anatomía & histología , Rayos Láser , Modelos Anatómicos , Adulto , Algoritmos , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
People are remarkably accurate (approaching ceiling) at deciding whether faces are male or female, even when cues from hair style, makeup, and facial hair are minimised. Experiments designed to explore the perceptual basis of our ability to categorise the sex of faces are reported. Subjects were considerably less accurate when asked to judge the sex of three-dimensional (3-D) representations of faces obtained by laser-scanning, compared with a condition where photographs were taken with hair concealed and eyes closed. This suggests that cues from features such as eyebrows, and skin texture, play an important role in decision-making. Performance with the laser-scanned heads remained quite high with 3/4-view faces, where the 3-D shape of the face should be easiest to see, suggesting that the 3-D structure of the face is a further source of information contributing to the classification of its sex. Performance at judging the sex from photographs (with hair concealed) was disrupted if the photographs were inverted, which implies that the superficial cues contributing to the decision are not processed in a purely 'local' way. Performance was also disrupted if the faces were shown in photographic negatives, which is consistent with the use of 3-D information, since negation probably operates by disrupting the computation of shape from shading. In 3-D, the 'average' male face differs from the 'average' female face by having a more protuberant nose/brow and more prominent chin/jaw. The effects of manipulating the shapes of the noses and chins of the laser-scanned heads were assessed and significant effects of such manipulations on the apparent masculinity or femininity of the heads were revealed. It appears that our ability to make this most basic of facial categorisations may be multiply determined by a combination of 2-D, 3-D, and textural cues and their interrelationships.
Asunto(s)
Cara , Percepción Visual , Adolescente , Adulto , Toma de Decisiones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
We have designed and developed a suite of equipment for polygraphic assessment of infants thought to be at risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. A range of commercially available and custom made instrumentation is used to monitor cardio-respiratory function and thermal activity. The PC based system records continuous overnight trends and is able to detect apnoea, bradycardia, tachycardia, oxygen desaturation and other significant clinical events, producing summary data and graphs at the conclusion of the monitoring. The system is fully interactive and adaptable to various clinical and research requirements.
Asunto(s)
Microcomputadores , Monitoreo Fisiológico/instrumentación , Muerte Súbita del Lactante/prevención & control , Gráficos por Computador , Electrocardiografía , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Movimiento , Oximetría , Respiración/fisiología , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
A method of computerized cough sound analysis is described. The sounds of nocturnal and post-exercise coughs from a child with asthma were compared with those from a child without asthma. The spectrographic patterns of voluntary cough at rest from the two children were similar. The pattern seen after exercise from the asthmatic child was different from the resting cough but similar to that seen during recorded nocturnal cough. In contrast the post-exercise cough from the non-asthmatic child was similar to the cough seen at rest. Refinement of this method of cough sound analysis may be useful in the diagnosis of asthma in young children.