RESUMEN
Fifteen consecutive patients with severely comminuted Rolando fractures were treated by closed reduction and fixation with a modified Suzuki frame without rubber bands, followed by immediate mobilization. All the fractures healed within 5 weeks. At 3 months, no rotational deformity was observed. The Kapandji score was equal that of the contralateral thumb in eight cases. No residual pain was recorded. Grip strength was 78% and pinch strength was 78% of the contralateral hand. One patient needed the frame tension modified. One patient developed a sensory deficit in the area of the superficial branch of the radial nerve that resolved spontaneously in 3 months. One patient healed with a 2-mm articular step-off, but the clinical outcome was good. Our retrospective study suggests that the small modification we made to the Suzuki frame provides a relatively simple and minimally invasive technique for the treatment of comminuted Rolando fractures.
Asunto(s)
Fijación de Fractura/instrumentación , Fracturas Conminutas/cirugía , Fracturas Intraarticulares/cirugía , Huesos del Metacarpo/lesiones , Pulgar/lesiones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Fijación de Fractura/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Among the fish species that show exclusive male parental care, the three-spined stickleback represents one of the most intensively studied species with regard to reproductive behaviour. In this species, the most common 'parasitic' male tactics in relation to male reproductive behaviour are sneaking and egg thievery, which are often collectively referred to as nest-raiding. However, little is known about the genetic consequences of sneaking and egg thievery in natural populations. Here we assessed the frequency of sneaking and egg-stealing in a natural population, male traits that are associated with the victims of sneaking, and the impact of sneaking and egg-stealing on the reproductive success of nesting males as deduced from the number of offspring in their nests. Fourteen nest-guarding males and a random sample of about 100 eggs/fry of each nest from a natural freshwater population of three-spined sticklebacks were analysed at three microsatellite loci. The analysis revealed a high frequency of genetically successful nest raiding (sneaking or egg thievery), i.e. more than half (57%) of the 14 nests contained offspring (1-94%) which were unrelated to the guardian male. Three of the 14 nests (21%) contained progeny of sneaking males and four of the nests (28%) contained offspring which were unrelated to the guardian male and which probably originated from egg-stealing events. Victims of sneaking were significantly smaller than other guardian males. Moreover, reproductive success correlated positively with male body size.
Asunto(s)
Peces/genética , Animales , Conducta Animal , Femenino , Peces/fisiología , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Óvulo , Apareamiento , ReproducciónRESUMEN
To identify the molecular mechanisms of gravitropism in the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus we determined several biochemical and physical parameters of paracrystalline protein bodies, so-called octahedral crystals. The crystals, which are present throughout the central vacuoles of the sporangiophore, function as statoliths (Schimek et al., 1999a,b). They possess an average volume of 9.96 microm(3) and a specific mass of 1.26 g cm(-3). SDS-PAGE of purified crystals shows three major proteins with relative molecular masses of 16, 46.5, and 55 kDa. These proteins are absent in gravitropism mutants which lack the crystals. Phototropism mutants (genotype mad) which are graviresponsive (class 1) and those which are defective in gravitropism (class 2) contain the crystals and the three associated proteins. Absorption spectra of isolated crystals and in situ absorption spectra of growing zones indicate the presence of chromophores, probably oxidized and reduced flavins. The flavin nature of the chromophores is also indicated by their fluorescence properties. It appears likely that the chromophores represent an essential part of the statoliths and thus the gravitropic transduction chain.