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Fundamento y objetivo: La enfermedad mineral ósea (EMO) es más frecuente en pacientes con fenilcetonuria. Los objetivos del estudio son conocer la utilidad de los marcadores de remodelado óseo para identificar a pacientes con fenilcetonuria con EMO y conocer las alteraciones del remodelado óseo subyacentes. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional transversal de 43 pacientes con fenilcetonuria > 7 años (extremos 7,1-41 años). Se realizó encuesta nutricional, densitometría, determinación de fosfatasa alcalina ósea (FAO), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PNP-1, «propéptido aminoterminal del procolágeno tipo 1»), beta-crosslaps y relación calcio/creatinina en orina. Se estratificó a los pacientes por edad y tipo de tratamiento. Resultados: El 20,9% de los pacientes presentaron marcadores de remodelado óseo patológicos; el 90% de ellos eran adultos. La FAO estaba disminuida en el 70% de ellos, y el beta-crosslaps en el 42,8%. Los valores de FAO fueron patológicos con más frecuencia en diagnosticados de fenilcetonuria tardíamente (41,7 frente a 10,7%; p < 0,05) y en pacientes con EMO (60 frente a 14,3%; p < 0,05). Los valores de PNP-1 y calcio/creatinina fueron similares entre todos los pacientes con fenilcetonuria independientemente de presentar EMO, diagnóstico tardío o tratamiento con tetrahidrobiopterina. Los pacientes con disminución de FAO y beta-crosslaps recibieron menor ingesta de proteínas naturales: FAO (media [DE] de 0,21 [0,13] frente a 0,65 [0,65] g/kg; p < 0,05); beta-crosslaps (media de 0,29 [0,23] frente a 0,65 [0,66] g/kg; p < 0,05). Ninguno de los tratados con tetrahidrobiopterina presentó valores alterados de marcadores óseos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes adultos fenilcetonúricos con menor ingesta de proteínas naturales tienden a presentar valores disminuidos de FAO, marcador que puede resultar útil para identificar a los pacientes con riesgo de presentar EMO (AU)

Background and objective: Mineral bone disease is more common in phenylketonuric patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the usefulness of biochemical bone markers to identify phenylketonuric patients with mineral bone disease (MBD) and know the underlying bone remodeling alterations. Patients and method: Cross-sectional study of 43 phenylketonuric patients > 7 years (range: 7.1-41 years). A nutritional survey was performed and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PNP-1), beta-crosslaps and ratio calcium/creatinine in urine were determined. Results: A percentage of 20.9 of patients had pathological biochemical bone markers, 90% of them being adults. BAP was decreased in 70% of them and beta-crosslaps in 42.8%. BAP values were more often pathological in phenylketonuric patients with a late diagnosis (41.7 vs. 10.7%; P < .05) and in patients with MBD (60 vs. 14.3%; P < .05). PNP-1 values and calcium/creatinine were similar among all phenylketonuric patients regardless of presenting MBD, late diagnosis or tetrahydrobipterin treatment (enzyme cofactor). Patients with decreased BAP and beta-crosslaps had lower natural protein intake: BAP (0.21 ± 0.13 vs. 0.65 ± 0.65 g/kg; P < .05); beta-crosslaps (0.29 ± 0.23 vs. 0.65 ± 0.66 g/kg; P < .05). None of the tetrahydrobiopterin treated patients showed altered values of BAP, PNP-1 or calcium/creatinine. Conclusions: Adult phenylketonuric patients with lower natural protein intake tend to have lower values of BAP, which is a marker that may be useful to identify patients at risk for MBD (AU)

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mineral bone disease is more common in phenylketonuric patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the usefulness of biochemical bone markers to identify phenylketonuric patients with mineral bone disease (MBD) and know the underlying bone remodeling alterations. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 43 phenylketonuric patients>7 years (range: 7.1-41 years). A nutritional survey was performed and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PNP-1), beta-crosslaps and ratio calcium/creatinine in urine were determined. RESULTS: A percentage of 20.9 of patients had pathological biochemical bone markers, 90% of them being adults. BAP was decreased in 70% of them and beta-crosslaps in 42.8%. BAP values were more often pathological in phenylketonuric patients with a late diagnosis (41.7 vs. 10.7%; P<.05) and in patients with MBD (60 vs. 14.3%; P<.05). PNP-1 values and calcium/creatinine were similar among all phenylketonuric patients regardless of presenting MBD, late diagnosis or tetrahydrobipterin treatment (enzyme cofactor). Patients with decreased BAP and beta-crosslaps had lower natural protein intake: BAP (0.21 ± 0.13 vs. 0.65 ± 0.65 g/kg; P<.05); beta-crosslaps (0.29 ± 0.23 vs. 0.65 ± 0.66 g/kg; P<.05). None of the tetrahydrobiopterin treated patients showed altered values of BAP, PNP-1 or calcium/creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: Adult phenylketonuric patients with lower natural protein intake tend to have lower values of BAP, which is a marker that may be useful to identify patients at risk for MBD.

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The photophysics of the neutral molecular form of the herbicide asulam has been described in a joint experimental and theoretical, at the CASPT2 level, study. The unique π → π* aromatic electronic transition (f, ca. 0.5) shows a weak red-shift as the polarity of the solvent is increased, whereas the fluorescence band undergoes larger red-shifts. Solvatochromic data point to higher dipole moment in the excited state than in the ground state (µ(g) < µ(e)). The observed increase in pKa in the excited state (pKa* - pKa, ca. 3) is consistent with the results of the Kamlet-Abboud-Taft and Catalán et al. multiparametric approaches. Fluorescence quantum yield varies with the solvent, higher in water (ϕ(f) = 0.16) and lower in methanol and 1-propanol (approx. 0.02). Room temperature fluorescence lifetime in aqueous solution is (1.0 ± 0.2) ns, whereas the phosphorescence lifetime in glassy EtOH at 77 K and the corresponding quantum yield are (1.1 ± 0.1) s and 0.36, respectively. The lack of mirror image symmetry between modified absorption and fluorescence spectra reflects different nuclear configurations in the absorbing and emitting states. The low value measured for the fluorescence quantum yield is justified by an efficient nonradiative decay channel, related with the presence of an easily accessible conical intersection between the initially populated singlet bright (1)(L(a) ππ*) state and the ground state (gs/ππ*)(CI). Along the main decay path of the (1)(L(a) ππ*) state the system undergoes an internal conversion process that switches part of the population from the bright (1)(L(a) ππ*) to the dark (1)(L(b) ππ*) state, which is responsible for the fluorescence. Additionally, singlet-triplet crossing regions have been found, a fact that can explain the phosphorescent emission detected. An intersystem crossing region between the phosphorescent state (3)(L(a) ππ*) and the ground state has been characterized, which contributes to the nonradiative deactivation of the excitation energy.

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