RESUMEN
A 6-year-old, spayed female German shepherd crossbreed had a 6-month history of a draining fistula in the left flank. Fistulography demonstrated an enterocutaneous fistula. Surgery revealed a granuloma that was enveloping the left ureter and caudal mesenteric artery and adhering to multiple loops of bowel. The granuloma centered on a gauze sponge inadvertently retained at time of ovariohysterectomy. Retained surgical foreign bodies can be avoided, and their frequency is likely underestimated. Risk factors identified in human medicine include emergency surgery, changes in surgical procedure, and obesity. A foreign body should be considered a potential cause of draining tracts in veterinary patients.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Cuerpos Extraños/veterinaria , Fístula Intestinal/veterinaria , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Tapones Quirúrgicos de Gaza/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Perros , Femenino , Cuerpos Extraños/complicaciones , Granuloma/diagnóstico por imagen , Granuloma/veterinaria , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Histerectomía/veterinaria , Fístula Intestinal/etiología , Ovariectomía/efectos adversos , Ovariectomía/veterinaria , Cavidad Peritoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Radiografía , Tapones Quirúrgicos de Gaza/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the bending properties of pantarsal arthrodesis constructs involving either a commercially available medial arthrodesis plate (MAP1) or a specially designed second-generation plate (MAP2) implanted in cadaveric canine limbs and evaluate the effect of calcaneotibial screw (CTS) augmentation on the structural properties of both constructs. SAMPLE POPULATION: 5 pairs of canine hind limbs. PROCEDURES: Within pairs, specimens were stabilized with an MAP1 or MAP2 and loaded to 80% of body weight, with and without CTS augmentation. Compliance, angular deformation (AD), and plate strains were compared. RESULTS: Construct compliance and AD did not differ between plates. Maximum plate strain was lower in the MAP2 than in the MAP1 (difference of approx 30%). Augmentation with a CTS reduced compliance, AD, and strains in MAP1 constructs but had no effect on those variables in MAP2 constructs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because of lower peak strains, the MAP2 may be less susceptible to failure than the MAP1. Furthermore, CTS augmentation was unnecessary with MAP2s, which could minimize intra- and postoperative morbidity. Compared with what is known for dorsal plates, MAP2 constructs were associated with approximately 35% less AD. As a result of improved local stability, one might anticipate earlier fusion of the talocrural joint with an MAP2. In addition, plate peak strain was approximately 3.5 times lower in MAP2s than in dorsal plate constructs, which should result in greater fatigue resistance. The use of MAP2s may be a better alternative to both MAP1s and dorsal plates and could contribute to lower patient morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Artrodesis/instrumentación , Artrodesis/veterinaria , Placas Óseas/veterinaria , Tornillos Óseos/veterinaria , Huesos Tarsianos/cirugía , Animales , Perros , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To report use of combined cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) for treatment of spontaneously occurring chylothorax in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Eight dogs with chylothorax. METHODS: TDL was performed through a right caudal intercostal thoracotomy and CCA through a left flank paracostal approach or ventral median celiotomy. Long-term outcome (range, 2-48 months; median, 11.5 months) was evaluated by telephone communication with owners. RESULTS: Seven dogs were free of clinical signs related to chylothorax at last follow-up (range, 4-48 months; median, 15.5 months). One dog was euthanatized 2 months after surgery because of lack of improvement. No major complications occurred from CCA. CONCLUSION: CCA and TDL resolved chylothorax in most dogs (88%). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CCA combined with TDL may improve the outcome of chylothorax in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Quilotórax/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Conducto Torácico/cirugía , Animales , Quilotórax/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Drenaje/métodos , Drenaje/veterinaria , Femenino , Ligadura/métodos , Ligadura/veterinaria , Linfografía/veterinaria , Masculino , Registros/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 13-year-old 4.6-kg (10.2-lb) neutered male domestic long hair cat was evaluated because of a history of lethargy, exercise intolerance, and ventroflexion of the cervical portion of the vertebral column. After extensive assessment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Michigan State University, the clinical signs were attributed to an aldosterone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. Subsequently, an insulin-secreting tumor of the pancreas as well as a functional parathyroid gland adenoma were diagnosed. All 3 masses were surgically removed, and the cat made a full recovery with complete resolution of clinical signs. The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia is well described in humans, and the heritability of the condition has been confirmed. In cats and other species with 1 or more endocrine neoplasms, it is important to perform thorough clinical assessments of patients to identify other endocrine organs that may also be affected concurrently with neoplastic disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple/veterinaria , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Suprarrenales/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Gatos/cirugía , Gatos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Masculino , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Endocrina Múltiple/cirugía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/veterinaria , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de las Paratiroides/veterinaria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine fibroblast viability, assess development of apoptosis, and evaluate tissue hypoxia via histochemical, in-situ hybridization, or immunohistochemical staining in ruptured and intact cranial cruciate ligaments (CCLs) of dogs. ANIMALS: 32 dogs with ruptured CCLs, and 8 aged and 19 young dogs with intact CCLs. PROCEDURE: Markers of cell viability (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labeling [TUNEL] method), and hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha [HIF-1alpha] monoclonal antibody) were applied to CCL specimens; positive cells were assessed objectively (LDH) and subjectively (TUNEL and HIF-1alpha) in the main axial tissue component (core) and synovial intima and subintima (epiligamentous tissue). RESULTS: Viable fibroblasts were seen in all intact and ruptured CCLs. More nonviable cells were found in the core regions of ruptured CCLs and intact CCLs of young dogs than in the epiligamentous regions. Number of nonviable cells in the core region of ruptured CCLs was greater than that in intact CCLs of young and aged dogs, whereas the number in the epiligamentous region was similar in all specimens. The TUNEL and HIF-1alpha staining was only found in the epiligamentous region of ruptured CCLs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ruptured CCLs contained a high number of nonviable cells but not a great number of apoptotic cells. Repair processes in the epiligamentous region of the CCL include a metabolic response to hypoxia, suggesting that necrosis of ligament fibroblasts and transformation of surviving cells to a spheroid phenotype may be a response to hypoxia cause by microinjury or inadequate blood flow.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/patología , Perros/lesiones , Fibroblastos/patología , Miembro Posterior/lesiones , Miembro Posterior/patología , Rotura/patología , Rotura/veterinaria , Envejecimiento , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine changes to the cells and collagenous and amorphous extracellular matrix (ECM) structure in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: CCL specimens obtained from 29 dogs with ruptured CCL and 6 young dogs with intact CCL. METHODS: Ligament fibroblast number density and phenotype were determined in the core and epiligamentous regions. ECM birefringence and crimp structure in the core region were also studied. RESULTS: Loss of fibroblasts from the core region of ruptured CCL was seen (P <.001), whereas, in the epiligamentous region, cell number densities were similar in ruptured and intact CCL (P =.7). In ruptured CCL, numbers of typical ligament fibroblasts (fusiform and ovoid cells) were decreased, and numbers of cells exhibiting chondroid transformation (spheroid cells) were increased in the core region (P <.001). Expansion of the volume of the epiligamentous region was also seen, although bridging scar tissue was not seen between the ends of ruptured CCL. The structure of the ECM collagen in the core region was extensively disrupted in ruptured CCL. This was, in part, because of decreased birefringence and elongation of the crimp in the remaining collagen fibers when compared with intact CCL (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Extensive alterations to the cell populations and collagenous ECM structure were seen in ruptured CCL. Although a proliferative epiligamentous repair response was seen in ruptured CCL, there was a lack of any bridging scar between the ruptured ends of the CCL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The cellular and ECM changes in ruptured CCL that we have described appear to result from the cumulative effects of remodeling and adaptation to mechanical loading and microinjury. Treatment of early cruciate disease in dogs will need to inhibit or reverse these progressive changes to CCL tissue, which are directly associated with partial or complete structural failure of the CCL under conditions of normal activity.