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Agro-industrial residues can increase environmental pollution owing to poor knowledge of the use of some components, such as dietary fiber, protein, starch, minerals, and bioactive compounds, which can be used in the food industry. This study compared the molecular, physicochemical, and digestibility characteristics of three avocado seed starches (Criolla, Fuerte, and Hass). Starch was extracted through successive washing and sedimentation. The morphology, size distribution, thermal properties, pasting properties, infrared spectra with Fourier transform, size distribution of amylopectin chains, and digestibility of the three avocado seed strains were analyzed. The starch grains were oval and spherical in shape. The average size of Criolla avocado starch (24.55 µm) was the largest, followed by Hass and Fuerte starches (21.37 µm). Higher gelatinization enthalpy (8.55 J/g), gelatinization temperature (75.28 °C), and pasting temperature (75.57 °C) were observed for Fuerte avocado starch, followed by Hass and Criolla starches. Hass avocado starch exhibited higher maximum (836.27 mPa.s), final (1407.37 mPa.s), setback (588.78 mPa.s), and breakdown (17.68 mPa.s) viscosities than Criolla and Fuerte avocado starches. In addition, the probed avocado starches exhibited high content of resistant starch (60.06-68.90%). Therefore, it was demonstrated that differences in the chemical composition and structure of avocado starch can affect the digestibility of native starch.
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Persea , Almidón , Almidón/química , Amilopectina/química , Semillas/química , Viscosidad , Amilosa/análisisRESUMEN
Registered hunters harvested over 1.3 million non-native invasive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) on Grand Cayman between October 2018 and August 2021. We used islandwide post-reproduction survey-based abundance estimates in August 2014-2021 and model-based abundance predictions for August 2022-2030 to assist natural resource managers with reassessment and modification of the harvest strategy due to diminishing returns to hunters paid per green iguana harvested. We need harvest rates > 0.600 for desired abundance ≤ 50,000 and > 0.700 for desired abundance ≤ 10,000 green iguanas. With harvest rates < 0.600, the population would likely remain above desired abundance. Without harvesting, the green iguana population would likely reach carrying capacity by August 2026.
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AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effect of different resin cements on the bond strength (BS) of custom-made glass fiber posts (GFPs) using the push-out test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four uniradicular bovine teeth were selected. The crowns were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the root canals were treated. The post spaces of the teeth were prepared to a length of 12 mm to receive a GFP. The specimens were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8), according to the resin cement used to fix the GFPs: RelyX U200 (U200), Allcem Core (ACC), and Allcem Dual (ACD). Each specimen was sectioned into six slices per root third (cervical, middle, and apical), which were subjected to the push-out test. BS values were calculated and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the middle third, according to the resin cement type used (p < 0.05). ACD showed lower BS values (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for ACD among the thirds of the slices, with the lowest values also observed for the middle third (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that ACC and U200 showed higher BS values compared with ACD, and were also less influenced by the depth of the root dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is a challenge in dentistry, and, in most cases, will require installation of fiberglass pins. In this respect, several types of resin cements are indicated for cementation of these pins; for this reason, their adhesiveness must be adequately investigated. Conventional cements and self-adhesive cements have shown satisfactory performance in cementing the custom-made GFPs, thereby making these cements satisfactory clinical choices. The present study suggests that ACD had lower performance than the other two cements evaluated.
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Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Técnica de Perno Muñón , Animales , Bovinos , Cavidad Pulpar , Análisis del Estrés Dental , Dentina , Vidrio , Ensayo de Materiales , Cementos de ResinaRESUMEN
Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum is an emerging bacterial plant pathogen that causes bacterial leaf streak on corn. First described in South Africa in 1949, reports of this pathogen have greatly increased in the past years in South America and in the United States. The rapid spread of this disease in North and South America may be due to more favorable environmental conditions, susceptible hosts and/or genomic changes that favored the spread. To understand whether genetic mechanisms exist behind the recent spread of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum, we used comparative genomics to identify gene acquisitions in X. vasicola pv. vasculorum genomes from the United States and Argentina. We sequenced 41 genomes of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum and the related sorghum-infecting X. vasicola pv. holcicola and performed comparative analyses against all available X. vasicola genomes. Time-measured phylogenetic analyses showed that X. vasicola pv. vasculorum strains from the United States and Argentina are closely related and arose from two introductions to North and South America. Gene content comparisons identified clusters of genes enriched in corn X. vasicola pv. vasculorum that showed evidence of horizontal transfer including one cluster corresponding to a prophage found in all X. vasicola pv. vasculorum strains from the United States and Argentina as well as in X. vasicola pv. holcicola strains. In this work, we explore the genomes of an emerging phytopathogen population as a first step toward identifying genetic changes associated with the emergence. The acquisitions identified may contain virulence determinants or other factors associated with the spread of X. vasicola pv. vasculorum in North and South America and will be the subject of future work.
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Xanthomonas , Argentina , Genómica , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Sudáfrica , América del Sur , Estados Unidos , Zea maysRESUMEN
AIM: Among traumatic dental injuries, intrusive dislocation is considered to be one of the most serious injuries. Despite the high success rate in complacent patients, the traditional technique of calcium hydroxide inoculation has drawbacks. The good antimicrobial and sealing properties combined with excellent biocompatibility and high success rates of the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) encourage its use. BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to report a successful case of intrusive dislocation in a short time with a follow-up of eight years. CASE DESCRIPTION: A patient, seven years of age, presented intrusive dental dislocation, confirmed by radiographic examination, which revealed besides axial displacement of the central incisor towards the bone, incomplete root development. The passive repositioning was chosen as the treatment modality. After cleansing of the root canal, therapy with hydroxide paste was performed for 30 days, and then the apex was closed using an artificial barrier made with apical MTA buffer to facilitate root canal obturation. CONCLUSION: Clinical and radiographic signs at 6 months and 8 years of preservation evidence the success of the therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Teeth with incomplete root formation when traumatized may have their development process interrupted; consequently their root canals remained ample with thin and fragile walls and the open apex which represents a great challenge to the accomplishment of endodontic therapy. The process of apexification with MTA as in this case is an alternative to traditional therapy based on calcium hydroxide, conferring a faster treatment and a decrease in the odds of fracture of the tooth since from the confection of the apical barrier there is a possibility of being the same restored at an early stage. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: de Sá MAB, Nunes E, et al. A Short Time Period in the Treatment of an Open Apice Intruded Tooth: An 8-year Follow-up. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):160-163.
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INTRODUCTION: Bacterial biofilms can be calcified. Granulomas or cystic lesions are the most commonly found entities in endodontics. Surprisingly, this case report presents a rare radiopaque image, in a fan shape, of a calculus-like deposit in the periapical region of the maxillary left central incisor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old male, with a history of trauma, presented with apical periodontitis associated with an uncommon image, similar to a calculus-like deposit adhered to the apical region of the maxillary left central incisor. Nonsurgical endodontic intervention was performed, followed by apicoectomy and histopathological analysis of the collected material. The results of the biopsy were not compatible with a cyst or granuloma but showed fibrous connective tissue with calcified areas. DISCUSSION: Correct diagnosis in endodontics is possible with a well-conducted anamnesis, complementary imaging exams and, in some cases, histopathological analysis. The periapical calculus-like deposit, associated with a periapical radiolucent lesion, was a result of the body's fight for healing, producing unusual radiopacity. CONCLUSION: The presence of the calculus-like deposit in a fan shape at the root surface represented dystrophic calcification as a manifestation of the attempt to heal. In the present case, apicoectomy and tissue biopsy for histological evaluation were fundamental for the correct diagnosis.
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Median levels of regulated flame retardants, i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), brominated biphenyl (BB)-153, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), in 33-48 eggs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) from Greenland were 1909, 359, and 5.98 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively, and generally intermediate to levels in North America and Europe. Unregulated flame retardants had lower median concentrations of 1.06 (2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate, EH-TBB), 2.42 (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane, BTBPE), 0.52 (2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2,3-dibromopropyl ether, DPTE), and 4.78 (dechlorane plus) ng/g lw. Although these compounds are often described as recent replacements for PBDEs, they were also present in eggs from the 1980s. BDE-209 was the only compound with a significant increase (+7.2% annual change) between 1986 and 2014, while BB-153 and DPTE decreased significantly (-8.0% and -2.8% annual change, respectively). Dechlorane plus showed a nonsignificant increase. Individual birds, equipped with light-logging geolocators, confirmed the contaminant exposure over a large geographical area as the birds spent nearly equal time periods in their breeding and wintering grounds in Greenland and Central/South America, respectively, interrupted by 5-6 weeks of migration through North America.
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Contaminantes Ambientales , Retardadores de Llama , Animales , América Central , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Europa (Continente) , Groenlandia , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados , América del Norte , América del SurRESUMEN
A remoção de cones de prata durante o retratamento endodôntico pode ser muito difícil e algumas vezes uma tarefa impossível. Este artigo relata um caso clínico de retratamento endodôntico de um molar inferior com sobreobturação de cone de prata no canal mésio-vestibular. Após o acesso coronário, uma lima K foi utilizada para explorar a interface entre o cone de prata e as paredes dentinárias. Posteriormente, uma ponta ultrassônica foi usada para deslocar os cones e a pinça de Steiglitz para removê-los de dentro dos canais. O cone de prata sobreobturado no canal MV fraturou-se e não foi possível a sua remoção. Após o preparo químico-mecânico e três trocas de medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio, com intervalos de 3 meses, foi observado que as lesões periapicais das raízes distal e mesial regrediram drasticamente. Após follow-up de 18 anos, constatou-se sucesso do retratamento.
The removal of silver cones in endodontic retreatment can be very difficult and sometimes an impossible task. This article reports a case of endodontic retreatment of a mandibular molar with silver cone overfilling in mesiobuccal canal. After the coronal access, a K- -file was used to explore the interface between the silver cone and the dentinal walls. Later, an ultrasonic tip was used to dislodge these cones and the Steiglitz forceps to remove them from within the canals. The silver cone overfilled in MV canal fractured and it was not possible to remove. After the chemico-mechanical preparation and three exchanges of intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste, with intervals of three months, it was observed that the periapical lesions of the distal and mesial roots regressed dramatically. After follow-up of 18 years, there was success retreatment.
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In order to find novel plant-derived biologically active compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi, we isolated, from the organic extract of Smallanthus sonchifolius, the sesquiterpene lactones enhydrin (1), uvedalin (2), and polymatin B (3) by bioassay-guided fractionation technique. These compounds showed a significant trypanocidal activity against the epimastigote forms of the parasite with IC50 values of 0.84 µ M (1), 1.09 µ M (2), and 4.90 µ M (3). After a 24 h treatment with 10 µ g/mL of enhydrin or uvedalin, parasites were not able to recover their replication rate. Compounds 1 and 2 showed IC50 values of 33.4 µ M and 25.0 µ M against T. cruzi trypomastigotes, while polymatin B was not active. When the three compounds were tested against the intracellular forms of T. cruzi, they were able to inhibit the amastigote replication with IC50 of 5.17 µ M, 3.34 µ M, and 9.02 µ M for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in Vero cells obtaining CC50 values of 46.5 µ M (1), 46.8 µ M (2), and 147.3 µ M (3) and the selectivity index calculated. According to these results, enhydrin and uvedalin might have potentials as agents against Chagas disease and could serve as lead molecules to develop new drugs.
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Endodontic treatment of teeth with perforating internal root resorption represents a clinical challenge. In most cases, extraction of the tooth and subsequent replacement with an osseointegrated implant is indicated. Presented herein is a case report of a maxillary lateral incisor with advanced perforating internal root resorption in the middle third of the root and the presence of a sinus tract. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was used with the aid of a surgical microscope in order to fill the resorption area after conventional root canal therapy of the apical segment. At the follow-up after 11 years and 8 months, the patient was clinically asymptomatic and the sinus tract had disappeared. The radiographic examination and computerized tomography indicated periodontal bone repair.
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Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Resorción Radicular/terapia , Adulto , Compuestos de Aluminio/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Fístula Dental/terapia , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Incisivo/patología , Maxilar , Óxidos/uso terapéutico , Retratamiento , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Resorción Radicular/patología , Silicatos/uso terapéutico , Diente no Vital/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The intra-arterial administration of radioactive glass microspheres is an alternative therapy option for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma, the main cause of liver cancer death, and metastatic liver cancer, another important kind of cancer induced in the liver. The technique involves the administration of radioactive microspheres in the hepatic artery, which are trapped preferentially in the tumor. METHODS: In this work the GEANT4 toolkit was used to calculate the radial dose-rate distributions in water from 32P-loaded glass microspheres and also from 90Y-loaded glass microspheres. To validate the toolkit for this application, the authors compared the dose-rate distribution of 32P and 90Y point sources in water with data from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements report 72. RESULTS: Tables of radial dose-rate distributions are provided for practical use in brachytherapy planning with these microspheres. CONCLUSIONS: The simulations with the microspheres show that the shape of the beta ray energy spectra with respect to the 32P and 90Y sources is significantly modified by the glass matrix.
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Arterias , Braquiterapia/instrumentación , Braquiterapia/métodos , Radioisótopos de Fósforo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Fósforo/uso terapéutico , Prótesis e Implantes , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Simulación por Computador , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Vidrio , Humanos , Microesferas , Modelos Teóricos , Dosis de Radiación , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Dispersión de Radiación , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Advanced internal resorption affecting the crown of teeth may result in the appearance of a 'pink tooth', which, when located in the root canal, can perforate the external root surface. Therapeutically, this condition represents a clinical challenge and normally requires a combined endodontic and surgical focus. Presented herein are cases of double 'pink tooth' which appeared at different times after orthodontic treatment. In the most severe case, upon radiographic examination and computed tomography, the maxillary right central incisor presented an internal resorption, extending from the pulp chamber to the root middle third. After pulp removal, the debridement of the defect was performed using a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution, a #80 Kerr file, and an ultrasonic tip ST-17, aided by a surgical microscope. During the cleaning process, various sites of periodontal communication were identified. Upon controlling the hemorrhaging, the root canal was completely filled with White mineral trioxide aggregate. Within the 3-month follow-up treatment, a pink spot appeared on the maxillary left central incisor, which received conventional root canal therapy. Clinically and radiographically, over 18 months of follow up, both cases responded favorably to the proposed treatments. Therefore, it is important to monitor the patient due to the fact that pulp and periodontal sequelae can develop at varied moments after orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, with the current technology and biomaterials, it is possible to resolve cases with extensive internal perforating resorption through endodontic treatment.
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Tejido de Granulación/cirugía , Ortodoncia Correctiva/efectos adversos , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Resorción Radicular/terapia , Decoloración de Dientes/terapia , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagen , Dentina/patología , Tejido de Granulación/patología , Humanos , Incisivo/diagnóstico por imagen , Incisivo/patología , Masculino , Maxilar , Radiografía , Resorción Radicular/etiología , Corona del Diente/diagnóstico por imagen , Corona del Diente/patología , Decoloración de Dientes/etiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
There is a link between increased allergy and a reduction of some infections in western countries. Epidemiological data also show that respiratory allergy is less frequent in people exposed to orofaecal and foodborne microbes such as Toxoplasma gondii. Infection with T. gondii induces a strong cell-mediated immunity with a highly polarized T helper type 1 (Th1) response in early stages of infection. Using a well-known murine model of allergic lung inflammation, we sought to investigate whether T. gondii infection could modulate the susceptibility to develop respiratory allergies. Both acute and chronic infection with T. gondii before allergic sensitization resulted in a diminished allergic inflammation, as shown by a decrease in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia, mononuclear and eosinophil cell infiltration around airways and vessels and goblet cell hyperplasia. Low allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 and high levels of allergen-specific IgG2a serum antibodies were detected. A decreased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 production by lymph node cells was observed, while no antigen-specific interferon-gamma increase was detected. Higher levels of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 were found in BAL from infected mice. These results show that both acute and chronic parasite infection substantially blocked development of airway inflammation in adult BALB/c mice. Our results support the hypothesis that T. gondii infection contributes to protection against allergy in humans.
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Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/prevención & control , Toxoplasmosis/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Enfermedad Crónica , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Eosinofilia/inmunología , Eosinofilia/patología , Eosinofilia/prevención & control , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Pulmón/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/patología , Células Th2/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis/patologíaRESUMEN
This article presents non-surgical resolution of an extensive periapical lesion of endodontic origin associated with the maxillary left lateral incisor. Clinical examination revealed an asymptomatic bony hard swelling confined to the palate, while radiographic analysis showed a lesion measuring 22 mm in diameter and nearly 389 mm(2) in area. Through apical patency, 4 ml of intracanal exudate was drained. After thorough biomechanical preparation, a calcium hydroxide/CPMC root canal dressing was applied and periodically renewed for 11 months. The exudate was eliminated at treatment onset and significant bone formation was observed at the periapical region in the following months with concomitant resolution of the cortical expansion. Complete radiographic resolution of the periapical lesion was observed two years after the root canal filling. Thus, non-surgical treatment of this supposedly cystic, extensive periapical lesion provided favorable clinical and radiographic response.
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Enfermedades Maxilares/terapia , Quiste Radicular/terapia , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Adulto , Hidróxido de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Pulpa Dental/terapia , Resinas Epoxi/uso terapéutico , Exudados y Transudados , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gutapercha/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Incisivo , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Preparación del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Cruzipain (Cz), the major cystein proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi, is able to induce protective immunity against parasite challenge. However, some concern has arisen regarding its potential to elicit pathogenic autoimmune reactivity. To determine whether the adverse myopathic effects of Cz-based immunization could be prevented, we evaluated the co-administration of Cz with different adjuvants. Mice were immunized with Cz adjuvantized by alum (Cz+alum), oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (Cz+ODN-CpG) or Freund's preparation (Cz+CFA). Cz triggered a vigorous specific humoral response, irrespective of the adjuvant used. Alum mainly drove response towards Th2 phenotype, characterized by specific IgG1 antibodies and IL-10 induction, whereas Cz+ODN-CpG mice exhibited Th1-dominant immunity, with antibodies of the IgG2a isotype and enhanced IFN-gamma production. Histological examination of cardiac tissue demonstrated lesions in Cz+CFA but not in Cz+alum nor Cz+ODN-CpG immunized animals, suggesting that CFA is critical for Cz-mediated injury. Analysis of skeletal muscle revealed that mice receiving Cz+CFA exhibited disrupted and hyalinized myofibers, whereas [Cz+alum]-immunized animals showed hyalinization, architecture modifications and small inflammatory foci. Conversely, no abnormalities were observed in the striated muscle from the Cz+ODN-CpG group. Hence, generation of specific immune response skewed towards Th1, as that recorded for the ODN-CpG adjuvant, may preclude triggering of Cz-mediated muscle tissue damage.
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Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Sistema Inmunológico/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Células TH1/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Músculo Esquelético/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias , Células TH1/citología , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate apical microleakage after use of the Resilon system in comparison with gutta-percha. The materials used were 54 mesial roots of mandibular molars with an apical curvature of 20-40 degrees . The root canals were instrumented with the Prosystem GT(R) and obturated with: Group I: Gutta-percha + Sealer by lateral condensation (n = 25); Group II: Gutta-percha + Sealer, complemented by System B and Obtura II (n = 25); Group III: Resilon + System B and Obtura II (n = 25); Group IV: Resilon by lateral condensation (n = 25). After immersion in India ink, the specimens were demineralized and rendered transparent. Apical dye leakage was analyzed with a stereomicroscope and a digital camera connected to a computerized system. All groups showed different degrees of apical dye microleakage. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the largest leakage occurred in Group I (P < 0.05), whereas the other groups presented a similar pattern of microleakage (P > 0.05). Thermoplastification negatively influenced the apical sealing ability of Resilon. Gutta-percha points and conventional sealer yielded the highest values of apical leakage, especially when the lateral condensation technique was used. Regardless of the obturation technique employed, the Resilon system provided the lowest mean values of apical leakage, but did not provide hermetic sealing of the root canal system.