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Objetivo: estimar la experiencia de caries dental en niños de 5 años de edad de Medellín, Colombia. Metodología: los datos se obtuvieron en una muestra probabilística de 486 niños, examinados para el diagnóstico de experiencia de caries en dentina y de lesiones limitadas al esmalte dental. Se calcularon los índices de experiencia de caries ceo-d clásico y ceo-d modificado (ceod-m). Se realizaron pruebas Chi-Cuadrado y t student. Resultados: el 54,7% de los niños de estratos bajos y el 26 % de los estratos medio y altos tenían experiencia de caries en dentina; los porcentajes aumentan a 88,6% y 50,7% respectivamente, cuando se incluyen lesiones limitadas al esmalte dental. Los promedios de los índices ceod clásico (ceod-c) y ceod modificado (ceod-m) fueron 1,9±2,9, 4,9±4,6 respectivamente. En los niños de estratos bajos el ceod clásico fue 2,2±3,1 y en los de estratos altos fue 0,6±1,2; mientras que los valores del ceod-m fueron 5,4±4,7 y 1,9±2,8 respectivamente. Conclusión: los niños de estrato socioeconómico bajo de Medellín, a la edad de cinco años tienen altos niveles de caries dental, resultado que indica la necesidad de implementar programas preventivos y de atención en salud bucal desde edades tempranas.

Objective: To estimate the experience of dental caries among five-year-olds from Medellín, Colombia. Methodology: data were obtained from a random probabilistic sample of 486 children who were examined for caries experience in dentin and caries limited to tooth enamel. The classic dmft and modified dmft caries experience indexes were calculated. Similarly, Chi-square and student t tests were conducted. Results: the percentage of children with caries experience was 54.7% for children of lower classes, and 26% for children of middle and upper classes. These percentages increased to 88.6% and 50.7% respectively after including lesions limited to dental enamel. The averages of the classic and modified dmft were 1.9 ± 2.9 and 4.9±4.6 respectively. For children of lower classes, the classic dmft was 2.2±3.1, and 0.6±1.2 for those of higher classes. In contrast, the values of the the modified dmft were 5.4±4.7 and 1.9±2.8 respectively. Conclusion: five-year-olds of lower classes in Medellin had high levels of dental caries, which points to a need to implement health prevention and care programs in oral health from early ages.

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, in which saliva has an important role. Saliva properties affect the growth of cariogenic microorganisms, so variations below threshold levels are considered risk factors for the development of dental caries. Salivary tests and microbiological counts of cariogenic bacteria are often used for clinical purposes in order to reveal problems that could explain caries development and have been evaluated in multiple studies, but these studies have mainly been carried out on adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify physicochemical salivary properties, mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus counts among preschool children, and their relationship with ECC in a cross-sectional study in Medellin, Colombia. Caries was determined using ICDAS criteria for a sample of 201 preschool children. Stimulated saliva samples were processed for bacterial detection, mean flow rate, pH and buffer capacity calculation. Risk variables for ECC were assessed individually and adjusted using a binary logistic regression model. The results showed that 71.14% of study subjects had ECC. Flow rate, final pH and Buffer capacity increased with age, but none of them were related to the presence of ECC. Although OR analysis detected correlations between ECC, gender, age, dental eruption stage and Lactobacillus presence, binary logistic regression analysis only showed gender and Lactobacillus as strongly associated with ECC. It can be concluded that gender and Lactobacillus presence are key variables for the presence of ECC in these children; whilst age and dental eruption stage play a minor role. Further studies are required to clarify the role of mutans streptococci counts in this population and to establish normal salivary parameters as well as threshold levels for hyposalivation in preschool children, as results showed differences with normal parameters used for adults.

La caries dental es una enfermedad multifactorial en la cual la saliva tiene un impacto importante. Las propiedades de la saliva afectan el crecimiento de microorganismos cariogenicos y por lo tanto las variaciones por debajo de los niveles umbral son consideradas factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de caries. Las pruebas salivares y los recuentos de microorganismos cariogenicos son utilizadas con frecuencia en la clinica para identificar factores que puedan explicar el desarrollo de lesiones cariosas y han sido evaluados en multiples estudios, pero estos han sido desarrollados principalmente en adultos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar propiedades fisicoquimicas de la saliva y recuentos de estreptococos del grupo mutans y Lactobacillus, en relacion con la Caries de la Infancia Temprana (CIT). Para esto, se realizo un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se registraron las lesiones de caries dental con el sistema ICDAS en 201 ninos pre-escolares de hogares infantiles de estrato socioeconomico medio-bajo. Se obtuvieron muestras de saliva estimulada, que fueron procesadas para detectar estreptococos del grupo mutans y Lactobacillus; se calculo la tasa de secrecion salivar, pH y capacidad Buffer. Se analizaron posibles variables indicadoras de riesgo para CIT, mediante el calculo de OR individuales por variable y OR ajustadas mediante un modelo de regresion logistica binario. Los resultados indicaron que el 71.14% de los ninos presentaban CIT. Las propiedades de la saliva mostraron un mejor comportamiento con la edad, con valores diferentes a los parametros definidos para poblaciones adultas, pero ninguna tuvo relacion con la enfermedad. El genero y la presencia de Lactobacillus mostraron asociacion fuerte en el analisis de regresion sugiriendolos como principales indicadores de riesgo para CIT en esta poblacion. Se requieren estudios prospectivos y analizar variaciones biologicas, para clarificar el papel de los estreptococos del grupo mutans y revisar los valores umbral para la evaluacion de la secrecion salivar en preescolares.

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, in which saliva has an important role. Saliva properties affect the growth of cariogenic microorganisms, so variations below threshold levels are considered risk factors for the development of dental caries. Salivary tests and microbiological counts of cariogenic bacteria are often used for clinical purposes in order to reveal problems that could explain caries development and have been evaluated in multiple studies, but these studies have mainly been carried out on adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify physicochemical salivary properties, mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus counts among preschool children, and their relationship with ECC in a cross-sectional study in Medellín, Colombia. Caries was determined using ICDAS criteria for a sample of 201 preschool children. Stimulated saliva samples were processed for bacterial detection, mean flow rate, pH and buffer capacity calculation. Risk variables for ECC were assessed individually and adjusted using a binary logistic regression model. The results showed that 71.14% of study subjects had ECC. Flow rate, final pH and Buffer capacity increased with age, but none of them were related to the presence of ECC. Although OR analysis detected correlations between ECC, gender age, dental eruption stage and Lactobacillus presence, binary logistic regression analysis only showed gender and Lactobacillus as strongly associated with ECC. It can be concluded that gender and Lactobacillus presence are key variables for the presence of ECC in these children; whilst age and dental eruption stage play a minor role. Further studies are required to clarify the role of mutans streptococci counts in this population and to establish normal salivary parameters as well as threshold levels for hyprosalivation in preschool children, as results showed differences with normal parameters used for adults.

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Objetivo El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la fluorosis dental en escolares entre los 6 y 13 años de edad de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 1 330 niños matriculados en 34 instituciones educativas públicas. Los exámenes clínicos fueron realizados por dos odontólogas entrenadas y calibradas en el diagnóstico de fluorosis dental. Después de aislar con rollos de algodón y secar con gasa, se examinaron las superficies vestibulares de los dientes superiores mediante inspección visual con luz natural. Se utilizó el índice de Thylstrup y Fejerskov (TFI) Resultados La prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue 81 por ciento (TFI>1). El 46,4 por ciento tenían grados leves de fluorosis, TFI1 y TFI2 y el 8,8 por ciento tenían grados severos, TFI >5. El 21 por ciento de los niños tenían TFI>1 en al menos el 50 por ciento de sus dientes examinados. Conclusión La prevalencia fluorosis dental encontrada en los escolares de colegios públicos de Medellín fue alta. Las autoridades de salud deberán enfocar su atención en la prevención de este problema.

ObjectiveThis study was aimed at determining dental fluorosis prevalence and severity amongst 6-13-year-old students residing in Medellin, Colombia. Methods A descriptive study was carried out on 1,330 students attending 34 public schools in the city of Medellin. Two dentists trained in dental fluorosis diagnosis performed the examinations were after the teeth had been brushed. Teeth were dried with gauze, isolated with cotton pellets and visually examined in natural light. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI) was used for rating fluorosis. Results Dental fluorosis prevalence was 81 percent (TFI>1); 46.4 percent was related to mild dental fluorosis (TFI1 and TFI2) and 8.8 percent to severe dental fluorosis (TFI >5). TFI > or = 1 was found in 21 percent of the children being examined in at least 50 percent of their teeth. Conclusion Dental fluorosis prevalence level was found to be high in Medellín, Colombia; health authorities should thus focus their attention on preventing this problem.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at determining dental fluorosis prevalence and severity amongst 6-13-year-old students residing in Medellin, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out on 1,330 students attending 34 public schools in the city of Medellin. Two dentists trained in dental fluorosis diagnosis performed the examinations were after the teeth had been brushed. Teeth were dried with gauze, isolated with cotton pellets and visually examined in natural light. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI) was used for rating fluorosis. RESULTS: Dental fluorosis prevalence was 81 % (TFI>1); 46.4 % was related to mild dental fluorosis (TFI1 and TFI2) and 8.8% to severe dental fluorosis (TFI >5). TFI > or = 1 was found in 21 % of the children being examined in at least 50 % of their teeth. CONCLUSION: Dental fluorosis prevalence level was found to be high in Medellín, Colombia; health authorities should thus focus their attention on preventing this problem.

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