RESUMEN
Background: The hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe illness of nauseas and vomit that is present in the first trimester of the pregnancy, it has an incidence of 0.3 to 2%, it has been associated to weight loss, electrolytic disturbances, ketonuria, dehydration and in very seldom cases spontaneous pneumomediastinum. Clinical case: A 21 years old female patient, primigest, in the first trimester of gestation, she started her disease with nauseas and vomiting more than 15 times during 6 hours period, odynophagia, dysphonia and pain in the cervical region, loss of 5 kilograms in the last month. The physical examination showed the patient in bad conditions, dehydration, neck with volume increased and emphysema subcutaneus, crakles until torax. Laboratory findings with hypokalemia, leukocytosis, acute kidney failure, and elevation of hepatic enzymes. The initial treatment was with intravenous fluids resuscitation, hydroelectrolytic balance restoration, antiemetic treatment and rest, it was taken TC of neck and torax, and was exclude any laryngeal and esophageal injury and perforation, but it showed air in the mediastinum. Conservative management with favorable evolution and completed resolution in 7 days. Conclusion: It is very important that the medical doctor must keep in mind the different diagnosis of and take an opportune decision in case of present those complications potentially fatal to the mother.
Asunto(s)
Hiperemesis Gravídica/complicaciones , Enfisema Mediastínico/etiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Antieméticos/administración & dosificación , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Humanos , Hiperemesis Gravídica/diagnóstico , Hiperemesis Gravídica/terapia , Enfisema Mediastínico/diagnóstico , Enfisema Mediastínico/terapia , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917), is one of the main phytophagous mites of the coffee plant ( Coffea spp.), although it is not reported among the primary pests. They live on the upper surface of the leaves, puncturing the epidermis and mesophyll cells to absorb and feed on the extravasated cellular content. In consequence, the leaves lose their natural shine and become tan. The objective of this work was to quantify the photosynthetic rate of coffee-plant leaves presenting different infestation levels of O. ilicis. The study was carried out in potted three-year-old coffee plants ( Coffea arabica L., Catuaí cultivar), kept in a greenhouse. Infestations were accomplished at five different levels (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 adult mite females/leaf), with mites coming from a stock rearing, on leaves of the third pair starting from the apex and totally expanded, located in branches from the middle third of the plant, with five repetitions. The potential photosynthesis was measured through the photosynthetic oxygen produced, using an oxygen monitor with a Clark type electrode coupled to a CB1 electric flow control box. The evaluations were made 7 and 21 days after the infestation with the mites, and the data obtained were submitted to regression analysis. There was a negative correlation between levels of infestation and potential photosynthesis, whereas at levels 15, 30, 60 and 120 mites/leaf, the photosynthetic rates were reduced in relation to the control treatment, in 37.2, 38.7; 46.0 and 50.1% respectively.
RESUMO Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) é um dos principais ácaros fitófagos do cafeeiro ( Coffea spp.), embora não esteja relacionado entre as pragas primárias. Esses ácaros vivem na superfície superior das folhas e, para se alimentar, perfuram as células da epiderme e do mesófilo e absorvem o conteúdo celular extravasado. Em consequência, as folhas perdem o brilho natural e tornam-se bronzeadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a taxa de fotossíntese de folhas de cafeeiro apresentando diferentes níveis de infestação de O. ilicis. O estudo foi realizado em plantas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., cultivar Catuaí) envasadas e com três anos de idade, mantidas em casa de vegetação. Foram realizadas infestações em cinco diferentes níveis (0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 fêmeas adultas do ácaro/folha), com ácaros provenientes da criação de manutenção, em folhas do terceiro par, a partir do ápice e totalmente expandidas, localizadas em ramos do terço médio da planta, com cinco repetições. A medição da fotossíntese potencial foi realizada por meio do oxigênio fotossintético produzido, utilizando-se de um monitor de oxigênio com eletrodo tipo Clark acoplado a uma caixa de controle de fluxo elétrico CB1. As avaliações foram realizadas 7 e 21 dias após a infestação com os ácaros, e os dados obtidos foram submetidos a uma análise de regressão. Houve correlação negativa entre os diferentes níveis de infestação e a fotossíntese potencial, sendo que, nos níveis 15, 30, 60 e 120 ácaros/folha, as taxas de fotossíntese foram reduzidas, em relação ao tratamento-testemunha, em 37,2; 38,7; 46,0 e 50,1%, respectivamente.