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BACKGROUND: Total patellectomy is currently reserved for exceptional cases, such as recalcitrant patellofemoral instability and comminuted fractures, due to its demonstrated negative impact on knee biomechanics. Therefore, managing patellectomy is crucial to mitigate its inherent deleterious effects. Various techniques have been described, including autologous or allogeneic bone grafts for reconstruction and soft tissue realignment to enhance the extensor mechanism. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old male underwent a patellectomy due to a comminuted fracture, subsequently developing osteoarthritis and experiencing a decline in functional status. Concurrent with total knee replacement, we conducted a patellar reconstruction, incorporating routine bone cuts and utilizing bone chips to fashion a new patella. This intervention resulted in the restoration of full extension and improvement of knee function. CONCLUSION: Patellar reconstruction demonstrates benefits on knee mechanics and stabilization, contributing to enhanced outcomes and satisfaction following knee replacement. We present an affordable technique for managing patellectomized patients undergoing total knee replacement.

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BACKGROUND: Surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased worldwide, but healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can threaten these efforts. AIM: To analyse the incidence of HAI, the impact of preventive interventions, and microbiological profiles in a paediatric cardiovascular surgery programme. METHODS: Cohort study including children aged <12 years with CHD who underwent cardiovascular surgery between 2010 and 2021 in Medellín, Colombia (a middle-income setting). Data were collected from medical and laboratory records and infection control programme databases. Impact of various preventive interventions was assessed using a Poisson model. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: A total of 2512 surgeries were analysed. Incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 5.9%, followed by central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI; 4.7%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI; 2.2%), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP; 1.4%). Most of the strategies focused on preventing SSI, resulting in a reduction from 9.5% in 2010 to 3.0% in 2021 (P = 0.030). Antibiotic prophylaxis based on patient weight and continuous infusion had an impact on reducing SSI (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.32-0.99). Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in clean wounds reduced 100% of infections. No significant risk reduction was observed for other HAI with the implemented interventions. CONCLUSION: Preventive strategies effectively reduced SSI but no other infections, emphasizing the need for targeted approaches to address a broader spectrum of HAI successfully.

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The vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of the radical cations of two nucleobases (NB) (uracil and thymine) was studied by cryogenic ion photodissociation spectroscopy. The radical cations have been generated from the photodissociation of NB-Ag+ complexes. A charge transfer process from the NB to Ag+ governs the deactivation mechanism, leading to the formation of the radical cation without further tautomerization. Single- and double-resonance spectroscopy allows for structural assignments of both the silver complexes and the radical cations by comparison with DFT-based calculations. Interestingly, a tautomer-dependent fragmentation is observed in the thymine enol form that involves the loss of NCO, a fragment which was never reported before for this NB. This selective photodissociation of silver complexes containing aromatic chromophore greatly expands the current technique to produce isomer-selected radical cations in the gas phase providing benchmark experimental data to assess calculations of open-shell species.

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The need to reconcile food production, the safeguarding of nature, and the protection of public health is imperative in a world of continuing global change, particularly in the context of risks of emerging zoonotic disease (EZD). In this paper, we explored potential land use strategies to reduce EZD risks using a landscape approach. We focused on strategies for cases where the dynamics of pathogen transmission among species were poorly known and the ideas of "land-use induced spillover" and "landscape immunity" could be used very broadly. We first modeled three different land-use change scenarios in a region of transition between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspots. The land-use strategies used to build our scenarios reflected different proportions of native vegetation cover, as a proxy of habitat availability. We then evaluated the effects of the proportion of native vegetation cover on the occupancy probability of a group of mammal species and analyzed how the different land-use scenarios might affect the distribution of species in the landscape and thus the risk of EZD. We demonstrate that these approaches can help identify potential future EZD risks, and can thus be used as decision-making tools by stakeholders, with direct implications for improving both environmental and socio-economic outcomes.

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Some high-risk Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) clones have been associated with increased economic losses caused by avian colibacillosis. They may represent an additional food consumption concern due to the potential zoonotic role causing urinary tract infections mainly related to E. coli ST73 and ST95 lineages. This study aimed to characterize APEC isolated from slaughterhouse carcasses presenting lesions compatible with avian colibacillosis. We analyzed about 6500 broilers carcasses, and 48 showed lesions consistent with colibacillosis. Forty-four strains of E. coli were isolated, with 77.27% (n = 34/44) classified as APEC. The isolates belonged to the phylogenetic groups B2 (41.17%, n = 14/34), G (20.59%, n = 7/34), A (17.65%, n = 6/34), B1 (8.82%, n = 3/34), and E (5.88%, n = 2/34). Determining the phylogenetic group of 5.88% (n = 2/34) of the strains was impossible. Moreover, 20.59% (n = 7/34) were positive to the clonal groups ST117, 8.82% (n = 3/34) to ST95, and 8.82% (n = 3/34) were classified as belonging to serogroup O78 by PCR screening. Strains of APEC from O78 serogroup and ST117 are considered high-risk clones for poultry, and our data reinforced the need for surveillance of these pathogens in poultry farms and slaughterhouses.

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El tinnitus o acúfeno es la percepción de sonido en ausencia de un estímulo acústico externo; es uno de los motivos de consulta más comunes en el área de otorrinolaringolo­gía. Se ha asociado a diversas etiologías tales como ototoxicidad, tumores, traumatismo craneoencefálico y trastornos psiquiátricos, siendo también las causas de carácter idio­pático ampliamente conocidas. Las características clínicas de los tinnitus son variables de paciente a paciente, por lo que su diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento son un desafío clínico Si bien recientes estudios han propuesto distintos manejos clínicos y terapéuticos, estos continúan hoy en día en estudio. Esta revisión narrativa pretende realizar una actualización sobre el abordaje diagnóstico, clínico y terapéutico de los tinnitus en la última década.

Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic stimulus, is one of the most common reasons for consultation in the area of otorhinolaryngology. It has been associated with various etiologies such as ototoxicity, tumors, head trauma, and psychiatric disorders; idiopathic causes are also widely known. The clinical characteristics of tinnitus are variable from patient to patient; therefore, its diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up are a clinical challenge. Although recent studies have proposed different clinical and therapeutic approaches, these are still under analysis today. This narrative review aims to update the diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic approach to tinnitus in the last decade.

Tinnitus ou zumbido é a percepção do som na ausência de um estímulo acústico externo; é um dos motivos mais comuns de consulta na área de otorrinolaringologia. Tem sido associada a várias etiologias, como ototoxicidade, tumores, traumatismo craniano e distúrbios psiquiátricos, sendo também amplamente conhecidas causas idiopáticas. As características clínicas do zumbido são variáveis de paciente para paciente, por isso seu diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento são um desafio clínico, embora estudos recentes tenham proposto diferentes abordagens clínicas e terapêuticas, ainda hoje estão em estudo. Esta revisão narrativa visa atualizar a abordagem diagnóstica, clínica e terapêutica do zumbido na última década.

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The purpose of this protocol was to adapt and validate the English version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) into Chilean Spanish according to the World Health Organisation guidelines. This is a cross-sectional study of 897 surveys of patients with non-traumatic surgical orthopaedic pathologies. We analysed internal consistency, validity, and acceptability, including correlation with the short form 36 (SF-36) medical score. The validation included 900 participants with a response rate of 99,66%, with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.962). The Dysfunction and Bother Index items showed a value of 0.952 and 0.884 respectively, eliminating one item in the Dysfunction sub-scale. The principal component analysis was forced to four factors explaining 55.5% of the variance. SMFA-CL sub-scales are significantly correlated with SF-36 components and subcomponents. The first version of the SMFA-CL version (Spanish-Chilean) scale is reported. This culturally adapted score demonstrated a high rate of reliability, validity, and ability to objectively evaluate foot and ankle pathologies.

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The photodetachment and stability of R-Mandelate, the deprotonated form of the R-Mandelic acid, was investigated by observing the neutral species issued from either simple photodetachment or dissociative photodetachment in a cold anions set-up. R-Mandalate has the possibility to form an intramolecular ionic hydrogen-bond between adjacent hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. The potential energy surface along the proton transfer (PT) coordinate between both groups (O- …H+ …- OCO) features a single local minima, with the proton localized on the O- group (OH…- OCO). However, the structure with the proton localized on the - OCO group (O- …HOCO) is also observed because it falls within the extremity of the vibrational wavefunction of the OH…- OCO isomer along the PT coordinate. The stability of the corresponding radicals, produced upon photodetachment, is strongly dependent on the position of the proton in the anion: the radicals produced from the OH…- OCO isomer decarboxylate without barrier, while the radicals produced from the O- …HOCO isomer are stable.

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RESUMEN Introducción: La Resonancia Magnética Cardíaca (RMC) es cada vez más frecuentemente utilizada en pacientes con Distrofia Neuromuscular de Duchene y Becker (DMD y DMB). Por la capacidad de demostrar realce tardío con gadolinio (RTG), que identifica zonas de fibrosis de la pared media y subepicárdica, subendocárdica o global, y el cálculo de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI), se considera el patrón oro en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la afección cardíaca de estas distrofias. Objetivos: Determinar por medio de RMC la presencia de fibrosis cardíaca en pacientes con distrofia neuromuscular. Determinar el compromiso neuromuscular y cardiaco. Definir la evolución cardiovascular de estos pacientes Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 16 pacientes consecutivos desde marzo de 2021 a julio de 2022 en el Área de imagen cardiaca de CEMET (Centro Médico Tafi Viejo) y Diagnóstico Médico Dr. Gaya de la provincia de Tucumán. Resultados: Se evaluaron 16 pacientes, todos con diagnóstico confirmado de DMD/DMB por laboratorio, enzimas, y test genéticos. La edad promedio fue 19 años. Todos tenían estadio grave de la escala de Vignos y tratamiento neurológico. Todos tenían tratamiento con betabloqueantes o inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina. La RMC evidenció que 4 pacientes tenían deterioro grave de la FEVI (<35%); 8 pacientes tenían trastornos segmentarios o globales de la motilidad parietal del VI y en 12 se observó RTG, de distribución variable: difusa, mesocárdica, subendocárdica y subepicárdica. En 6 pacientes se observó miocardio no compacto y en 2 derrame pericárdico leve. Conclusión: La RMC debe ser incluida como método de cribaje para pacientes con distrofias neuromusculares. Su aporte para la estadificación clínica y terapéutica es de suma importancia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is commonly used in patients with Duchene (DMD) and Becker (DMB) Neuromuscular Dystrophies. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) identifies areas of middle, subepicardial, or subendocardial wall fibrosis, and volumetric left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis and prognosis of these dystrophies. Myocardial fibrosis occurs in patients with neuromuscular dystrophies. The purposes of our study were to determine the presence of cardiac fibrosis using CMR, to determine neuromuscular and cardiac involvement, and to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of these patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 16 consecutive patients was conducted from March 2021 to July 2022 in the Cardiac Imaging Service of Diagnóstico Médico and CEMET- Tucumán. Results: A total of 16 patients were evaluated, 100% of them with confirmed diagnosis of DMD/DMB by laboratory, enzymes and genetic tests. Mean age was 19 years. All patients had severe stage of the Vignos Scale and were under neurological treatment. All patients were also treated with beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. CMR revealed severe LVEF impairment <35% in 4 patients, segmental or global left ventricular (LV) wall motion disorders in 8 patients, and variable distribution pattern (diffuse, mesocardial, subendocardial and subepicardial patterns) of LGE in 12 patients. Non-compacted myocardium was observed in 6, and mild pericardial effusions in 2 patients. Conclusion: CMR should be included as a screening method in patients with neuromuscular dystrophies. Its contribution to clinical, echocardiographic and therapeutic staging is of utmost importance.

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Motivation: Proteins involved in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and membraneless organelles (MLOs) are recognized to be decisive for many biological processes and also responsible for several diseases. The recent explosion of research in the area still lacks tools for the analysis and data integration among different repositories. Currently, there is not a comprehensive and dedicated database that collects all disease-related variations in combination with the protein location, biological role in the MLO, and all the metadata available for each protein and disease. Disease-related protein variants and additional features are dispersed and the user has to navigate many databases, with a different focus, formats, and often not user friendly. Results: We present DisPhaseDB, a database dedicated to disease-related variants of liquid-liquid phase separation proteins. It integrates 10 databases, contains 5,741 proteins, 1,660,059 variants, and 4,051 disease terms. It also offers intuitive navigation and an informative display. It constitutes a pivotal starting point for further analysis, encouraging the development of new computational tools.The database is freely available at http://disphasedb.leloir.org.ar.

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PURPOSE: A controlled study evaluated the effect of condensed tannins (CT) from Gymnopodium floribundum leaf meal (GF), infection with Haemonchus contortus (I) and their interaction, on feed intake, diet digestibility and retention of N (NR) and energy (ER) in hair sheep lambs. METHODS: Thirty-six, worm-free hair sheep lambs (14.9 ± 1.56 kg body weight) were housed in metabolic cages. Eighteen animals were infected with 6000 H. contortus L3, while other 18 lambs were kept non-infected. On day 28th post-infection (PI), infected lambs were assigned to three diet groups: a diet without GF (I-NONGF), a diet with GF (I + GF) and a diet with GF + polyethylene glycol (PEG) (I + GF + PEG). Non-infected (NI) lambs were assigned to similar diet groups: NI-NONGF, NI + GF and NI + GF + PEG. The packed cell volume (% PCV), ante-mortem faecal egg counts and post-mortem worm burdens were also evaluated. RESULTS: Infection did not affect digestibility, NR and ER. Meanwhile, CT intake from the GF diet reduced the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, as well as NR, compared to lambs consuming the NONGF and GF + PEG diets (P < 0.05). Although, the digestible energy was similar between lambs consuming NONGF and GF + PEG diets, the ER was higher for lambs consuming the control NONGF diet. Diets did not affect the PCV, or the ante-mortem and post-mortem parasitological variables. CONCLUSION: The costs on N and energy metabolism were mainly associated with the CT content of the GF diet, but other features of the diet such as the high lignin content, seemed to affect animals consuming GF meal. Meanwhile, the H. contortus infection had a non-significant impact.

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1. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of stocking density on performance, litter moisture, Eimeria oocyst shedding, intestinal and foot lesions in broilers.2. A total of 192 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were distributed with three different stocking densities (6, 8 or 10 chickens/m2) with outdoor access and eight replicates in a completely randomised design over two periods. Productive parameters were measured from 3 to 7 weeks of age.3. Oocyst counts (OPG) in both excreta and litter were performed at 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age. Intestinal and foot pad lesions were evaluated at 7 weeks old. The stocking density of 6 birds/m2 had the highest body weights (P < 0.05) (2129 ± 37.67, 2759 ± 50.82 and 3167 ± 75.64 g at weeks 5, 6 and 7 of age, respectively).4. Feed intake decreased with increasing stocking density at week 3 (r = -0.57), 4 (r = -0.48), 5 (r = -0.84), 6 (r = -0.68) and 7 (r = -0.65) of age (P < 0.05). Birds with stocking densities of 8 and 10/m2 consumed, respectively, up to 11% and 19.5% less feed than the lower stocking density groups.5. Stocking density affected (P < 0.05) feed conversion (1.61, 1.49 and 1.46) and litter moisture (40.88, 52.60 and 56.19%) at 3 weeks of age. Neither carcase yield nor mortality was different between densities (P > 0.05). Likewise, there was no effect of stocking density on OPG neither in excreta nor in litter, intestinal lesions, or foot pad and hock injuries (P > 0.05).6. In conclusion, the higher stocking density decreased both the feed intake and the live weight in broilers, but there were no effects in the number of Eimeria OPG in excreta or litter, neither intestinal lesions nor in foot pad injuries.

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Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.(AU)

Estudos microbiológicos da sanidade de psitacídeos que serão reintroduzidos são importantes para avaliar se esses animais atuam como portadores de agentes patogênicos para outros animais e humanos. A espectrometria de massa por ionização/dessorção de matriz assistida por laser/tempo de vôo (MALDI-TOF MS) é um método mais rápido e preciso para identificar bactérias na comparação com métodos convencionais de microbiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado de saúde de psitacídeos cativos, identificando bactérias Gram-negativas da microbiota fecal por MALDI -TOF MS. Os resultados indicaram alta frequência de bactérias Gram-negativas nas fezes (96,5%), principalmente da família Enterobacteriaceae (88,7%). As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (39,0%), Proteus vulgaris (12,2%), Klebsiella spp. (12,1%) e Raoultella ornithinolytica (8,7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. e Escherichia hermannii foram isolados com menor frequência. Todos esses agentes são potencialmente patogênicos para os papagaios e podem causar infecções sistêmicas em outros animais e seres humanos. Esses achados reforçam que o MALDI- TOF MS é um método rápido e preciso de identificação do microrganismo e avaliação do estado de saúde dos psitacídeos, fornecendo dados relevantes para auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre os protocolos sanitários em centros de triagem de animais selvagens e sobre a possibilidade de reintrodução futura.(AU)

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Resumen La viruela del simio (MPX) es una enfermedad tropical zoonótica, endémica de algunas zonas de África, causada por el virus de la viruela del simio (MPXV); sin embargo, ya no se limita a las regiones endémicas por lo que es un patógeno con alcance global, de importancia para la salud pública. Este virus es miembro del género Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) de la familia Poxviridae. Se trasmite al estar en contacto con una persona o animal infectado o con material contaminado por el virus. El cuadro clínico es semejante a la viruela humana, pero la MPX es menos contagiosa y grave, con una tasa de letalidad inferior y la linfoadenopatía es el signo más notable. El diagnóstico es clínico-epidemiológico y se utilizan diversas técnicas de laboratorio para confirmarlo. No existe un tratamiento específico, las medidas de sostén son individuales y dependen de la evolución de la enfermedad, se utilizan los antivirales para el tratamiento de las formas graves. Se demostró que las vacunas estándar contra la viruela inducen una fuerte protección cruzada contra MPXV. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica actualizada del tema en cuestión.

Abstract Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic tropical disease, endemic to some areas of Africa, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), however, it is no longer limited to endemic regions and is therefore a pathogen with global reach, of public health importance. This virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus of the Poxviridae family. It is transmitted by being in contact with an infected person or animal or with material contaminated by the virus. The clinical picture is similar to smallpox but MPX is less contagious and severe, with a lower case fatality rate, being lymphadenopathy the most prominent sign. The diagnosis is clinical-epidemiological and various laboratory techniques are used to confirm it. There is no specific treatment, support measures are individual and depend on the evolution of the disease, antivirals are used to treat severe forms. Standard smallpox vaccines have been shown to induce strong cross-protection against MPXV. An updated review of the subject in question is carried out.

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Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.

Estudos microbiológicos da sanidade de psitacídeos que serão reintroduzidos são importantes para avaliar se esses animais atuam como portadores de agentes patogênicos para outros animais e humanos. A espectrometria de massa por ionização/dessorção de matriz assistida por laser/tempo de vôo (MALDI-TOF MS) é um método mais rápido e preciso para identificar bactérias na comparação com métodos convencionais de microbiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado de saúde de psitacídeos cativos, identificando bactérias Gram-negativas da microbiota fecal por MALDI -TOF MS. Os resultados indicaram alta frequência de bactérias Gram-negativas nas fezes (96,5%), principalmente da família Enterobacteriaceae (88,7%). As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (39,0%), Proteus vulgaris (12,2%), Klebsiella spp. (12,1%) e Raoultella ornithinolytica (8,7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. e Escherichia hermannii foram isolados com menor frequência. Todos esses agentes são potencialmente patogênicos para os papagaios e podem causar infecções sistêmicas em outros animais e seres humanos. Esses achados reforçam que o MALDI- TOF MS é um método rápido e preciso de identificação do microrganismo e avaliação do estado de saúde dos psitacídeos, fornecendo dados relevantes para auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre os protocolos sanitários em centros de triagem de animais selvagens e sobre a possibilidade de reintrodução futura.

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Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.

Estudos microbiológicos da sanidade de psitacídeos que serão reintroduzidos são importantes para avaliar se esses animais atuam como portadores de agentes patogênicos para outros animais e humanos. A espectrometria de massa por ionização/dessorção de matriz assistida por laser/tempo de vôo (MALDI-TOF MS) é um método mais rápido e preciso para identificar bactérias na comparação com métodos convencionais de microbiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado de saúde de psitacídeos cativos, identificando bactérias Gram-negativas da microbiota fecal por MALDI -TOF MS. Os resultados indicaram alta frequência de bactérias Gram-negativas nas fezes (96,5%), principalmente da família Enterobacteriaceae (88,7%). As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (39,0%), Proteus vulgaris (12,2%), Klebsiella spp. (12,1%) e Raoultella ornithinolytica (8,7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. e Escherichia hermannii foram isolados com menor frequência. Todos esses agentes são potencialmente patogênicos para os papagaios e podem causar infecções sistêmicas em outros animais e seres humanos. Esses achados reforçam que o MALDI- TOF MS é um método rápido e preciso de identificação do microrganismo e avaliação do estado de saúde dos psitacídeos, fornecendo dados relevantes para auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre os protocolos sanitários em centros de triagem de animais selvagens e sobre a possibilidade de reintrodução futura.

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Abstract Microbiological studies of the sanitary and health status of psittacine birds that will be reintroduced is important in evaluating whether these animals act as carriers of pathogenic agents to other animals and humans. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify bacteria than conventional microbiology methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health status of psittacines housed in captivity, by assessment of Gram-negative bacteria from fecal microbiota through MALDI- TOF MS identification. The results indicate high frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in feces (96.5%), especially from the Enterobacteriaceae family (88.7%). The most prevalent bacteria were Escherichia coli (39.0%), Proteus vulgaris (12.2%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%) and Raoultella ornithinolytica (8.7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia hermannii were isolated with lower frequency. . All these agents are potentially pathogenic for parrots and can cause systemic infections in other animals and humans. These findings reinforce that MALDI- TOF MS proved to be a rapid and accurate method of identification of the microorganism and evaluation of the health status of psittacines, providing relevant data to assist decision-making regarding the sanitary protocols in wildlife centers, and possible future reintroduction of wild birds.

Resumo Estudos microbiológicos da sanidade de psitacídeos que serão reintroduzidos são importantes para avaliar se esses animais atuam como portadores de agentes patogênicos para outros animais e humanos. A espectrometria de massa por ionização/dessorção de matriz assistida por laser/tempo de vôo (MALDI-TOF MS) é um método mais rápido e preciso para identificar bactérias na comparação com métodos convencionais de microbiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado de saúde de psitacídeos cativos, identificando bactérias Gram-negativas da microbiota fecal por MALDI -TOF MS. Os resultados indicaram alta frequência de bactérias Gram-negativas nas fezes (96,5%), principalmente da família Enterobacteriaceae (88,7%). As mais prevalentes foram Escherichia coli (39,0%), Proteus vulgaris (12,2%), Klebsiella spp. (12,1%) e Raoultella ornithinolytica (8,7%). Proteus hauseri, Citrobacter spp., Morganella morgannii, Providencia rettgeri, Enterobacter spp. e Escherichia hermannii foram isolados com menor frequência. Todos esses agentes são potencialmente patogênicos para os papagaios e podem causar infecções sistêmicas em outros animais e seres humanos. Esses achados reforçam que o MALDI- TOF MS é um método rápido e preciso de identificação do microrganismo e avaliação do estado de saúde dos psitacídeos, fornecendo dados relevantes para auxiliar na tomada de decisões sobre os protocolos sanitários em centros de triagem de animais selvagens e sobre a possibilidade de reintrodução futura.

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In this paper, we present the IRMPD spectra of three ionic complexes between guanine (G) and silver (Ag+): [GAg-H2O]+, [GAgG]+ produced in the electrospray ionization source of the mass spectrometer, and [GAg]+ produced by collision induced dissociation of the [GAgG]+ complex. On the basis of the comparison of theoretically calculated IR spectra, we show that there are two isomers of each complex containing two different keto-amino (KA) tautomers of G (GKA(1,9) and GKA(1,7)). The observed isomers are the most stable structures in aqueous solution, and their experimentally estimated relative populations are in better agreement with the calculated relative populations in solution than in the gas phase, both at 298 K. We concluded that these observations suggest that GKA(1,9) and GKA(1,7) coexist in solution according to previous theoretical reports (Colominas, C.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6811). We were unable to find any evidence of the presence of the GEA(9), GKA(3,7), GKA(3,9), or GKA(7,9), whose relative stabilities in solution are strongly dependent on the theoretical method used to account for the solvent effect (Hanus, M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 7678).

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The impact of Haemonchus contortus infections on nitrogen retention (NR) of hair sheep lambs is unknown. This study estimated the feed intake, digestibility, NR, haematocrit (HT), and their relationship with the gradient of H. contortus infection in hair sheep lambs. Twenty-four hair sheep lambs, 3-4 months old, reared parasite-free were used (live weight (LW) 16.7 ± 1.7 kg). Six lambs were kept parasite-free, nine lambs received a dose of 300 H. contortus infective larvae (L3)/kg LW, and the remaining nine lambs received 500 H. contortus L3/kg LW. Infection doses ranged from 3870 to 9,500 L3. Lambs were individually fed for an average daily gain (ADG) of 100 g. On days 1 (P < 0.01) and 7 (P < 0.001) post-infection (PI), the L3 doses were positively associated with HT, possibly due to platelet recruitment. On week 1 PI, the infection (L3) reduced the crude protein (CP) intake (g/kg metabolic LW) (P < 0.05). A reduction of 1% HT corresponded to 1200 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) for day 21 PI (P < 0.05), 2300 EPG for day 28 PI (P < 0.001), 2400 EPG for day 35 (P < 0.001), and 1300 EPG for day 41 PI (P < 0.001). However, the HT levels were never lower than 21 %. A lower CP digestibility was associated with EPG only on week 5 PI (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between EPG, Total egg in faeces, or worm burden (WB) with intake, dry matter digestibility (DMD), ADG or NR. The NR of lambs was positive along the different weeks of study irrespective of infection level. The WB was negatively associated only with HT on day 41 PI (P < 0.001), where a 1 % HT reduction was estimated for every 257 worms hosted. In conclusion, no relationship was found between H. contortus infection and DMD, ADG or NR in hair sheep lambs. The cost of H. contortus infection resulted only from the HT reduction and depended on the gradient and stage of the infection.

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