RESUMEN
As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detecta
RESUMEN
As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detectar os mais variados tipos de ovos e cistos de enteroparasitos.9AU)
Endoparasitic infections are often observed in dogs and cats, since parasites spread easily among them, mainly in animal shelter environments, where animals remain close to each other. In addition, several parasitic infections are classified as zoonoses. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of endoparasites affecting dogs and cats sheltered in a municipal kennel in Zona da Mata (Forest Zone) region, Minas Gerais State, using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) method to perform the coproparasitological analysis. In total, 91 fecal samples were evaluated: 56 samples from adult dogs; 9, from puppies; 16, from adult cats; and 10, from kitties. Collected samples were processed based on the method by Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ), whose principle lies on simple sedimentation. Sixty-nine (n=69; 75.8%) of the 91 fecal samples tested positive for one, or more, endoparasite egg or cyst type. There was a variable occurrence of parasitic agents among the species and age groups studied. Therefore, the importance of performing coproparasitological tests on animals from shelters to identify endoparasites is highlighted, in an attempt to direct the treatment and prevent the transmission of parasitic agents between animals. Furthermore, it was found that the technique used to analyze the samples in this study is capable of detecting the most varied types of intestinal parasite eggs and cysts.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Perros , Intestinos/parasitología , Zoonosis/parasitología , Heces/parasitología , HelmintiasisRESUMEN
As endoparasitoses são enfermidades comuns em cães e gatos, sendo que a disseminação dos parasitos ocorre facilmente entre eles, principalmente em ambientes de abrigos para animais, onde estes permanecem em estreito contato. Além disso, muitas destas parasitoses são consideradas zoonoses. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a frequência dos endoparasitos que acometem os cães e gatos abrigados em um canil municipal na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, utilizando o Método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) para realização da análise coproparasitológica. Para isso, foram avaliadas 91 amostras fecais, sendo 56 de cães adultos, 9 de cães filhotes, 16 de gatos adultos e 10 de gatos filhotes. As amostras foram processadas através do Método HPJ, que tem como princípio a sedimentação simples. Do total de 91 amostras fecais de cães e gatos estudadas, 69 (75,8%) foram positivas para um ou mais tipos de ovos ou cistos de endoparasitos. Verificou-se uma variável ocorrência de agentes parasitário entre as espécies e faixas etárias estudadas. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da realização de exames coproparasitológicos em animais de abrigos para identificação dos endoparasitos, na tentativa de direcionar o tratamento e evitar a transmissão dos agentes parasitários entre os animais. Além disso, constatou-se que a técnica utilizada na análise das amostras deste estudo é capaz de detectar os mais variados tipos de ovos e cistos de enteroparasitos.
Endoparasitic infections are often observed in dogs and cats, since parasites spread easily among them, mainly in animal shelter environments, where animals remain close to each other. In addition, several parasitic infections are classified as zoonoses. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the frequency of endoparasites affecting dogs and cats sheltered in a municipal kennel in Zona da Mata (Forest Zone) region, Minas Gerais State, using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) method to perform the coproparasitological analysis. In total, 91 fecal samples were evaluated: 56 samples from adult dogs; 9, from puppies; 16, from adult cats; and 10, from kitties. Collected samples were processed based on the method by Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ), whose principle lies on simple sedimentation. Sixty-nine (n=69; 75.8%) of the 91 fecal samples tested positive for one, or more, endoparasite egg or cyst type. There was a variable occurrence of parasitic agents among the species and age groups studied. Therefore, the importance of performing coproparasitological tests on animals from shelters to identify endoparasites is highlighted, in an attempt to direct the treatment and prevent the transmission of parasitic agents between animals. Furthermore, it was found that the technique used to analyze the samples in this study is capable of detecting the most varied types of intestinal parasite eggs and cysts.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Perros , Heces/parasitología , Helmintiasis , Intestinos/parasitología , Zoonosis/parasitologíaRESUMEN
This work evaluated the delayed effects of mercury and the effectiveness of zinc in preventing such effects. Pups were pre-treated with 1 daily dose of ZnCl(2) (27 mg/kg/day, by subcutaneous injections) from 3rd to 7th postnatal day and received 1 daily dose of 5 mg/kg of HgCl(2), for 5 subsequent days (8-12 days old). Animals were euthanized 21 days after the end of Hg-exposure. Porphobilinogen-synthase activity as well as zinc and mercury contents was determined in the liver and kidneys. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities as well as urea, creatinine and glucose levels were analyzed in plasma or serum. Some animals were considered more sensitive to mercury, since they did not recover the body weight gain and presented an increase of renal and hepatic mercury content, urea and creatinine levels; a decrease in renal porphobilinogen-synthase and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as a decrease in the liver and an increase in kidney weights. Some animals were considered less sensitive to mercury because they recovered the body weight and presented no biochemical alterations in spite of mercury in the tissues. Zinc prevents partially or totally the alterations caused by mercury even those that persisted for a long time after the end of exposure. These findings suggest that there is difference among the animals regarding the sensitivity to mercury.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Mercurio/prevención & control , Mercurio/toxicidad , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Oligoelementos/farmacología , Zinc/farmacología , Alanina/sangre , Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/metabolismo , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Mercurio/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Zinc/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study examined the effects of inorganic mercury exposure on behavioral and biochemical parameters and investigated the possible preventive effects of zinc on the alterations induced by mercury. Pups were exposed from 3rd to 7th postnatal day to ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and subsequently to HgCl2 (5 doses of 5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). Each litter contained two rats for each treatment. The rats were submitted to behavioral task and litters were killed at 13 or 33 days old for acetylcholinesterase activity assays and for the determination of metal levels. Based on the results obtained from 13-day-old rats, they were divided in two groups of litters that were defined at the end of the experimental period (33 days) as less sensitive rats to mercury and more sensitive rats to mercury in accordance with the recovery of body weight until day 33. The mercury exposure caused accumulation of this metal in cerebrum and cerebellum in all mercury treated rats, and inhibited the cerebellum acetylcholinesterase activity from 13-day-old rats. Besides, the mercury-animals of the most sensitive litters to mercury presented impairment in motor function and muscular strength verified in the beaker test, as well as a reduction of the locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field task. Zinc partially prevented all the alterations induced by mercury exposure and reduced the mercury level accumulated in cerebrum and cerebellum. This study confirms the preventive effect of zinc on behavioral alterations induced by mercury in young rats and demonstrates that the mercury behavioral effects are present even for a long time after the end of the exposure.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Cloruros/uso terapéutico , Cloruro de Mercurio/envenenamiento , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Mercurio/prevención & control , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Zinc/uso terapéutico , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebelo/química , Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebelo/enzimología , Cerebro/química , Cerebro/efectos de los fármacos , Cerebro/enzimología , Cloruro de Mercurio/análisis , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Mercurio/patología , Intoxicación del Sistema Nervioso por Mercurio/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
This work has investigated the effects of prolonged exposure of young rats to nicotine on some physiological and biochemical parameters. Wistar male rats (30 days old) were treated (s.c.) with saline or nicotine 5mg/kg/day for 28 or 56 days. They received five injections (1mg/kg) per day (8, 10, 12:00 a.m., 2 and 4:00 p.m.) on the dark period of the cycle. Nicotine exposure for 56 days reduced body and liver weights. Moreover, nicotine exposure for 28 or 56 days decreased the hepatic glycogen but not blood glucose levels. The activities of blood and hepatic PBG-synthase, and blood and cerebral acetylcholinesterase were not affected by in vivo exposure. However, these activities were inhibited by nicotine in vitro. Results show that although high levels of plasma cotinine were found in both intervals of exposures, the parameters here analyzed were not affected by prolonged nicotine exposure except the storage of glucose, and body and liver weights.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Nicotina/toxicidad , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/enzimología , Cotinina/sangre , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Hígado/anatomía & histología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Nicotina/administración & dosificación , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
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O artigo não apresenta resumo.