RESUMEN
To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and Great Basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. Environmental factors (e.g., the dramatic increase in precipitation associated with the 1992 to 1993 El Niño) may indirectly increase the risk for Sin Nombre virus exposure and therefore may be of value in designing disease prevention campaigns.
Asunto(s)
Clima , Ecología , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Peromyscus/virología , Animales , Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus/etiología , Humanos , Densidad de Población , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del Año , Sudoeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The distribution and prevalence of antibody reactive with Sin Nombre virus were determined in mammals in biotic communities of the southwestern United States. Small mammals (n = 3,069) of 69 species were trapped in nine communities from lower Sonoran desert to alpine tundra. Antibody was found in rodents from all communities (overall prevalence = 6.3%); prevalence was lowest at the altitudinal and climatic extremes (0.4% in desert and 2.0% in alpine tundra). Antibody occurred in 11% of 928 deer mice, 20% of 355 brush mice, 23% of 35 western harvest mice, and 12% of 24 Mexican voles. No infected deer mice were found in desert habitat; prevalence varied from 4% in chaparral to 17% in pinyon-juniper. Brush mice were frequently infected in chaparral and montane forest (25%). Seropositivity was higher in males and in heavier animals, suggesting horizontal transmission among adult males. Decreasing prevalence with age among the youngest deer mice suggests that infected dams confer passive immunity to pups.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Hantavirus/veterinaria , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Altitud , Animales , Arvicolinae , Constitución Corporal , Clima , Femenino , Infecciones por Hantavirus/epidemiología , Masculino , Peromyscus , Prevalencia , Roedores , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Distribución por Sexo , Sudoeste de Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Salter-Harris type I fractures of the femoral capital physis were repaired in five Holstein bulls with three 7.0 mm cannulated screws placed in lag fashion. Radiographically at months 7 to 10, the fractures were healed and there was periarticular bone production on the femoral necks and the dorsal acetabular rims. Four bulls had normal gaits, and one bull had muscle atrophy and barely detectable lameness.