RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults 25-64 years of age from Medellin and surrounding municipalities, Colombia. METHOD: We used 2008-2010 data from the Antioquia STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS), a multi-stage complex cross-sectional survey designed according to World Health Organization guidelines. The revised 2005 International Diabetes Federation definition of MetS was used. RESULTS: There were a total of 3000 participants. Of these, 21.4% had high blood pressure (HBP) and 64% had abdominal obesity (AO). In the subsample with serum data (n = 943), 19.8% had high fasting serum glucose, 43.9% had high triglycerides (HTG), and 56.6% had low HDL cholesterol (L-HDL). Among those with data to define MetS (n = 901), 41% had MetS. Older age was associated with MetS and all components except L-HDL. Female sex [odds ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20-3.70], being married (OR = 1.40, CI: 1.09-1.82), and high physical activity (OR = 0.59, CI: 0.39-0.91) were associated with AO, smoking with HTG (OR = 1.76, CI: 1.16-2.67) and L-HDL (OR = 1.67, CI: 1.10-2.51) and rural residence with HBP (OR = 3.42, CI: 1.83-6.37) and L-HDL (OR = 1.18, CI: 1.10-2.51). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS and AO was high in this Colombian region. Targeted strategies for promoting healthy behaviors are needed.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Colombia/epidemiología , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and body mass index (BMI) in children. STUDY DESIGN: With the use of data from 5305 children aged 6 to 18 years in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988 to 1994), a cross-sectional health survey, we examined whether CRP concentrations were elevated among overweight children. RESULTS: Among children whose BMI was below the age- and sex-specific 15th percentile, 6.6% of boys and 10.7% of girls had an elevated CRP concentration (>2.1 mg/L) compared with 24.2% of boys and 31.9% of girls whose BMI was > or =95th percentile. After adjustment was done for age, sex, race or ethnicity, poverty income ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, white blood cell count, and history of chronic bronchitis, the adjusted odds of having an elevated CRP concentration were 2.20 (95% CI 1.30, 3.75) for children with a BMI of 85th to <95th percentile and 4.92 (95% CI 3.39, 7.15) for children with a BMI of > or =95th percentile compared with children who had a BMI of 15th to <85th percentile. The associations did not differ significantly by age, sex, or race or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: In a large representative sample of US children, CRP concentration was significantly elevated among children with a BMI > or=85th percentile, thus confirming previous findings of this association in children and extending previous research in adults to children. Excess body weight may be associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in children.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Obesidad/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Inflamación/sangre , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Few studies examining the association between total homocyst(e)ine and coronary heart disease have included blacks or Hispanics. METHODS: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (3173 patients), a nationally representative survey of US adults, were used to examine the relation between total homocyst(e)ine and an electrocardiogram or a physician's diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (259 patients) among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans >/=40 years old. RESULTS: Vitamin B(12) and serum folate concentrations were significantly lower among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration >/=15 micromol/L than among those with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration /=15 micromol/L were also older and more likely to be hypertensive, have a higher cholesterol concentration, and smoke. Compared with persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration /=15 micromol/L had an odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction of 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.9) after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Similar associations were noted among whites (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and blacks (OR 1.9, 95% CI, 0.8-4.2); a more modest association was noted among Mexican Americans (OR 1.2, 95% CI, 0.3-5.0). The association between total homocyst(e)ine and myocardial infarction was also more pronounced in persons without hypertension or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a 2-fold increased likelihood of myocardial infarction among persons with a total homocyst(e)ine concentration >/=15 micromol/L was noted in this nationally representative survey. The magnitude of the association did not differ by race or ethnicity.