RESUMEN
Rhodococcus equi é o agente etiológico da rodococose equina, importante doença respiratória de potros. Especialmente na última década, a emergência de cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos empregados no tratamento da rodococose tem sido relatada. Nesse sentido, há a necessidade de estudos envolvendo terapias alternativas e novas tecnologias, incluindo o uso de plantas medicinais e nanotecnologia. Neste trabalho utilizou-se Melaleuca alternifolia nas seguintes formulações: óleo livre, nanocápsula, nanoemulsão e a combinação de óleo livre com nanocápsula e com nanoemulsão, além do seu composto majoritário, terpinen-4-ol, a fim de verificar a atividade antimicrobiana frente a isolados de R. equi de diferentes origens. Utilizou-se o método de microdiluição em caldo na determinação das concentrações inibitória mínima (CIM) e bactericida mínima (CBM) das diferentes formulações frente aos isolados (n=24). Verificou-se baixo potencial para atividade antibacteriana de M. alternifolia na formulação de óleo livre. Todavia, essa atividade foi potencializada quando se incorporou o óleo essencial às nanoformulações. O composto terpinen-4-ol demonstrou potencial atividade antibacteriana quando incorporado ao óleo essencial e quando utilizado isoladamente. Verificou-se que tanto M. alternifolia quanto terpinen-4-ol testados possuem atividade antimicrobiana contra isolados de R. equi, sugerindo seu emprego em estudos avaliando seu potencial para o tratamento da rodococose.
Rhodococcus equi causes rodococose in horses, characterized by bronchopneumonia in foals. Due to reports of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to develop studies involving alternative therapies and new technologies, including the use of medicinal plants and nanotechnology. In this work, the plant Melaleuca alternifolia in oil free formulations, nanocapsule, nanoemulsion and the combination of free and nanocapsule oil nanoemulsion, besides its major compound, terpinen-4-ol, were used in order to verify antimicrobial activity against isolates of R. equi. The broth microdilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of different formulations against 24 isolates. There was low antibacterial activity of M. alternifolia in oil free formulation; however, it was observed that the activity was enhanced when incorporated as essential oil the nanoformulations. The major compound, terpinen-4-ol, showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity when used alone. It is suggested that M. alternifolia, in association with nanocarriers systems, as well as terpinen -4-ol, presents potential for future studies concerning the equine rodococosis therapy.
Asunto(s)
Rhodococcus equi/virología , Melaleuca/química , Desarrollo Tecnológico/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the antifungal efficacy of nanocapsules and nanoemulsions containing Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil) in an onychomycosis model. The antifungal activity of nanostructured formulations was evaluated against Trichophyton rubrum in two different in vitro models of dermatophyte nail infection. First, nail powder was infected with T. rubrum in a 96-well plate and then treated with the formulations. After 7 and 14 days, cell viability was verified. The plate counts for the samples were 2.37, 1.45 and 1.0 log CFU mL(-1) (emulsion, nanoemulsion containing tea tree oil and nanocapsules containing tea tree oil, respectively). A second model employed nails fragments which were infected with the microorganism and treated with the formulations. The diameter of fungal colony was measured. The areas obtained were 2.88 ± 2.08 mm(2), 14.59 ± 2.01 mm(2), 40.98 ± 2.76 mm(2) and 38.72 ± 1.22 mm(2) for the nanocapsules containing tea tree oil, nanoemulsion containing tea tree oil, emulsion and untreated nail, respectively. Nail infection models demonstrated the ability of the formulations to reduce T. rubrum growth, with the inclusion of oil in nanocapsules being most efficient.
Asunto(s)
Portadores de Fármacos , Nanocápsulas , Aceite de Árbol de Té/farmacología , Trichophyton/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Uñas/microbiología , SuspensionesAsunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Etnicidad , Salud de las Minorías , Protestantismo , Apoyo Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Argentina/etnología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/educación , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/historia , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/legislación & jurisprudencia , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Emigración e Inmigración/historia , Emigración e Inmigración/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Alemania/etnología , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Grupos Minoritarios/educación , Grupos Minoritarios/historia , Grupos Minoritarios/legislación & jurisprudencia , Grupos Minoritarios/psicología , Salud de las Minorías/economía , Salud de las Minorías/etnología , Salud de las Minorías/historia , Salud de las Minorías/legislación & jurisprudencia , Protestantismo/historia , Protestantismo/psicología , Características de la Residencia , Federación de Rusia/etnología , Cambio Social/historia , Valores Sociales/etnología , Estados Unidos/etnologíaRESUMEN
Central California has become a place of refuge and settlement for Southeast Asian Hmong immigrants over the past 20 years. The resulting assimilation of this new cultural group into American society has produced the need for multi-ethnic understanding and culturally sensitive health care interventions. Knowledge regarding the health care practices of Hmong parents provides the foundation for this understanding and an integrated and meaningful model of child care. This study of Hmong parents describes (a) their indigenous healing practices, (b) the purposes of these health care practices, (c) their beliefs about western medical care, and (d) their views on seeking western pediatric health care. A one-group descriptive design was used. Interview data from Hmong parents (N = 21) describes illness causation, healing rituals, herbal remedies, and other health care traditions.