RESUMEN
We have analyzed the genesis of various neuronal classes and subclasses in the ganglion cell layer of the primate retina. Neurons were classified according to their size and the time of their origin was determined by pulse labeling with 3H-thymidine administered to female monkeys 38 to 70 days pregnant. All offspring were sacrificed postnatally, and their retinas processed for autoradiography. The somata of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer generated on embryonic day (E) 38 ranged from 9 to 14 microns in diameter. Between E40 and E56, the minimum soma diameter remained around 8-9 microns, while the maximum gradually increased to 22 microns. As a consequence, the means of the distributions of labeled cells also increased with age, from 11.8 microns diameter for cells generated on E38 to 14.6 microns diameter at E56. Over this period the percentage of labeled cells in the 10.5-16.5 microns and greater than 16.5 microns diameter range gradually increased. The proportion of the labeled cells in the less than 10.5 microns diameter range decreased from E38 to E45, but subsequently increased rapidly. At the end of neurogenesis in the retinal ganglion cell layer, around E70, most labeled cells were considerably smaller (7-9 microns) than those generated earlier. Our results indicate that within the ganglion cell layer of the macaque, neurons of small caliber are generated first, followed successively by medium sized cells. Large, putative P alpha cells are generated late. The production between E56 and E70 of cells with the smallest somata suggests that the last-generated neurons in the ganglion cell layer are predominantly displaced amacrine cells. Within the same sector of retina, different classes of neurons in the ganglion cell layer of the rhesus monkey appear to have a sequential schedule of production.
Asunto(s)
Macaca mulatta/embriología , Retina/embriología , Células Ganglionares de la Retina/citología , Animales , Edad Gestacional , Morfogénesis , Retina/citologíaRESUMEN
Humoral antibody responses in experimental infections with Brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) were compared in two primate species. Erythrocebus patas and Macaca mulatta. Antibody responses were related to the infection protocol and the duration and magnitude of microfilaremia. Patas monkeys were uniformly susceptible to infection and characteristically exhibited prolonged microfilaremia; infections in Rhesus monkeys produced low and usually microfilaremia. Antibody, measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with extracts of adult Brugia and microfilariae as antigens, declined at patency in Patas monkeys and there was an inverse relationship between serum antibody concentration and the number of circulating microfilariae. Rhesus monkeys generally had high, sustained antibody levels relative to Patas monkeys, but antibody levels were comparable in the two species when the numbers of circulating microfilariae were similar. By fluorescent antibody technique, antibodies reactive with somatic antigens of microfilariae were detected in all infected monkeys; antibodies reactive with the cuticle of infective larvae were also present in both primates and were consistently detected in monkeys receiving multiple infections. Antibodies (IgG, IgM) reactive with the sheath of microfilariae were detected only in certain Rhesus monkeys which were essentially amicrofilaremic and sera with antibodies specific for microfilarial sheath promoted in vitro microfilarial agglutination and leukocyte adherence.
Asunto(s)
Brugia/inmunología , Cercopithecidae , Erythrocebus patas , Filariasis/inmunología , Filarioidea/inmunología , Macaca mulatta , Macaca , Enfermedades de los Monos/inmunología , Aglutinación , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Adhesión Celular , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Leucocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Especificidad de la EspecieAsunto(s)
Glucosa/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/metabolismo , Nutrición Parenteral , Adulto , Glucemia/metabolismo , Carbohidratos/orina , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Nutrición Parenteral/efectos adversos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/clasificación , Genes , Hibridación Genética , Ontario , Estaciones del Año , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/aislamiento & purificación , Virus del Mosaico del Tabaco/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Discs of tissue excised from ripe nonflue-cured and flue-cured tobacco leaves, harvested on six dates and cultured on three selective media, yielded 21 and 24 genera of fungi, respectively. Of 5,094 fungi isolated from 3,240 pieces of nonfluecured leaf tissue, 89.5% comprised five genera, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, and Nigrospora. Of 2,494 fungi isolated from 3,240 pieces of flue-cured leaf tissue, 70.9% were Alternaria, Cladosporium Epicoccum, Aspergillus, and Nigrospora. Flue-cured and nonflue-cured brown-spot lesions harvested at two locations yielded 12 and 14 genera of fungi, respectively. Alternaria, Penicillium, Phoma, and Stemphyllium comprised 91.5% of the 2,245 fungi isolated from noncured and 87.1% of the 1,118 fungi isolated from the cured lesions. The number and kinds of fungi obtained from diseased and healthy tissue were reduced but not eliminated by flue-curing.