RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Alpha-1-proteinase deficiency predisposes affected individuals to early onset pulmonary emphysema, and is treated with an alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (A1-PI) from pooled human plasma. The objective of this pilot study was to assess analytical parameters of the three A1-PI products (Aralast, Prolastin, Zemaira) that may impact on clinical efficacy, safety, and convenience. These included: purity of the preparation; nature of impurities; functionality; and isoform composition. METHODS: Purity was evaluated using reverse phase and size exclusion chromatography high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC and SEC-HPLC), capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The identity of protein impurities was determined by immunonephelometry; functionality by calculating the ratio of mg active A1-P1 present (by anti-neutrophil elastase activity assay) to the mg antigenic A1-PI (by immunonephelometry); and normality of the A1-PI isoform pattern by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Three samples of Zemaira and one sample each of Aralast and Prolastin were available for analysis. RESULTS: Zemaira had the highest specific activity. Using RP-HPLC analysis Zemaira averaged 99% purity, Aralast 70% and Prolastin less than 62%. Using SEC-HPLC Zemaira was 95.98% monomeric, Prolastin 79.00% and Aralast 63.55%. Prolastin had lower activity/mg antigenic A1-PI than the other two products. A shift in isoforms in Aralast was suggested by the results of CZE, and was confirmed by IEF. CONCLUSIONS: Zemaira demonstrated greater purity compared with Aralast and Prolastin. Prolastin had more inactive A1-PI than Zemaira or Aralast. Isoform ratios appeared to be altered in Aralast. The results from this pilot study warrant further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Isoformas de Proteínas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/farmacología , alfa 1-Antitripsina/química , alfa 1-Antitripsina/farmacología , Western Blotting , Cromatografía en Gel , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Electroforesis Capilar , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Two groups of eight Holstein-Friesian heifers were fed either a grass-silage-based diet (S) or one based on meadow hay supplemented with 1.8 kg/day barley concentrate mix (H) during cubicle housing as young stock (and in early pregnancy). Lameness and claw lesion development were monitored from approximately four weeks before until 20 weeks after first calving. No significant difference was found between S and H for claw conformation or horn growth and wear. Both groups showed net wear immediately after calving. The prevalence of poor locomotion and the extent of lesion development 20 weeks after calving (when they were highest) were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in S than H. It was concluded that feeding grass silage to young stock may deleteriously affect subsequent claw health and that this risk factor requires further study.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/fisiopatología , Bovinos/fisiología , Enfermedades del Pie/veterinaria , Pezuñas y Garras/fisiopatología , Ensilaje , Alimentación Animal , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/etiología , Femenino , Enfermedades del Pie/etiología , Enfermedades del Pie/fisiopatología , Pezuñas y Garras/patología , Hordeum , Lactancia , Cojera Animal/etiología , Cojera Animal/fisiopatología , Locomoción , Poaceae , Embarazo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ensilaje/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Reproductive performance and lamb viability in cobalt sufficient and subclinically deficient ewes, and from ewes experiencing repletion from and depletion into cobalt deficiency, were investigated in two experiments. The sheep were fed a cobalt deficient ration and supplementation was by oral dose according to treatment. The treatments had a significant effect (P less than 0.001) on ewe serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid concentrations. There were no significant effects on ewe liveweight, condition score or conception rate. Cobalt deficient ewes produced fewer lambs and had more stillbirths and neonatal mortalities than cobalt sufficient controls. Lambs from deficient ewes were slower to start suckling (P less than 0.05), had reduced concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G and zinc sulphate turbidity levels (P less than 0.05), and had lower serum vitamin B12 and higher methylmalonic acid concentrations (P less than 0.05), than lambs from cobalt sufficient dams. Cobalt supplementation in either the first or second half of pregnancy only did not fully alleviate these adverse effects.
Asunto(s)
Cobalto/deficiencia , Muerte Fetal/veterinaria , Complicaciones del Embarazo/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/fisiopatología , Animales , Peso Corporal , Cobalto/administración & dosificación , Calostro/inmunología , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/etiología , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Ácido Metilmalónico/sangre , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/etiología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/fisiopatología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/etiología , Vitamina B 12/sangreRESUMEN
Serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were used to monitor the development of cobalt (Co) deficiency and repletion from the deficient state in housed pregnant hill sheep. Serum MMA concentrations were less variable and provided a more accurate diagnosis of Co deficiency than serum vitamin B12. This was particularly the case for subclinical disease. However, unlike serum MMA, concentrations of the vitamin in serum could be used prognostically. The most precise diagnosis was provided by serum vitamin B12 and MMA data used in conjunction, but where one technique is to be used, serum MMA determinations are preferred.