RESUMEN
Forty Wistar rats were used: (1) control group (CG); (2) group of periodontal disease (PD); (3) type 1 diabetes mellitus group (T1DM); (4) type 1 diabetes mellitus + periodontal disease group (T1DM + PD). In groups T1DM and T1DM + PD, T1DM induction was performed with the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal body weight. The PD and T1DM + PD groups were submitted to PD induction with ligation. After the experimental phase and euthanasia, histological, radiographic, and morphological analyses were performed. For data analysis, was used the one-way ANOVA and post-test Tukey. The T1DM + PD group had a significantly higher level of fasting blood glucose compared to the other groups. In radiographic and histomorphometric analyses, the T1DM + PD group showed greater alveolar bone loss compared to the control group. The T1DM + PD group showed greater osteoclastic activity compared to the control, T1DM, and PD groups and exhibited an intense inflammatory infiltrate, most of which were PMN, being that the amount of this group of cells (PMN) was significantly greater than the PD group. The heights of the intestinal villi were statistically higher in the PD, T1DM, T1DM + PD groups, compared to the control. Regarding the height of the crypt, only the T1DM and T1DM + PD groups were significantly higher compared to the other groups. Association of diabetes and periodontal inflammation increased the deleterious effects on bone tissue and adverse effect on the permeability of the duodenal mucosa.