RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To examine behavioural characteristics of subjects with successful long-term weight reduction. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 3 y follow-up. SETTING: Multicentre study of participants of a commercial weight-reduction programme (BCM-Programme). SUBJECTS: Until February 2000, 6857 voluntary study participants were included. Analyses are based on 1247 subjects with complete 3 y data. INTERVENTIONS: Open-group dietary and behavioural counselling with initial meal substitutions. RESULTS: Subjects show a number of significant behavioural improvements, for example, choice of low-fat food, flexible control of eating behaviour and coping with stress. Subjects who maintain these changes by the end of the first year have a higher probability of successful weight reduction after 3 y. CONCLUSIONS: Successful weight maintenance is associated with more pronounced improvements of health behaviours after 1 y. The likelihood of success increases with the number of behavioural patterns which are involved in the process of change.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Conductista/métodos , Dieta Reductora/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria , Obesidad/terapia , Pérdida de Peso , Adaptación Psicológica , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Obesidad/psicología , Oportunidad Relativa , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Infections, sepsis and trauma lead to cellular damage of different degrees. The formation of nitrogen and reactive oxygen intermediates (NOI and ROI) play a central role in cellular damage. In addition, it is well established that the intracellular GSH content can control both radical species whereas GSH levels are controlled by the presence of cellular growth factors. The aim of the following study was to investigate the ROI and nitric oxide formation depending on the GSH levels and the presence or absence of hepatocellular growth factors. In addition, we investigated their effects on hepatocellular injury and the status of activation of the nuclear transcriptional factor NF-kappa B which is influenced by various radical forms and the cellular GSH contents. Our data clearly demonstrate that hepatocellular growth factors such as EGF and TGF alpha can increase the GSH contents and the NOx production. In addition, we found a reduction of cellular injury and NF-kappa B expression when hepatocytes were preincubated with growth factors. Taken together, we conclude that growth factors are able to protect against hepatocellular injury in experimental sepsis by increasing the cellular GSH contents either to reduce superoxide anion formation or to induce increased NO synthesis activity with subsequent increased NO production.