RESUMEN
High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (HSCCC) technique was used for the preparative isolation of the major leishmanicidal compounds from the essential oils of Piper claussenianum species in Brazil. The essential oils from inflorescences of P. claussenianum were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The enantiomeric ratio of the major constituents of the P. claussenianum essential oils were determined using a Rt-DEXsm chiral capillary column by GC-FID analysis. It was found an enantiomeric excess of (+)-(E)-nerolidol in the leaves, and (+)-linalool and (+)-(E)-nerolidol in the inflorescences essential oil. The major volatile terpenes alcohols were isolated in preparative scale from inflorescences: linalool (320.0 mg) and nerolidol (95.0 mg) in high purity level. The HSCCC, a support-free liquid-liquid partition chromatographic technique, proved to be an effective and useful method for fast isolation and purification of hydrophobic and similarly structured bioactive components from essential oils of Piper species.
Asunto(s)
Distribución en Contracorriente/métodos , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Piper/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hojas de la Planta/química , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
The phytochemical study of Dorstenia arifolia Lam. (Moraceae) has led to the identification of 18 triterpenes esterified by fatty acids, five triterpenes without esterification, 12 triterpenes esterified by acetic acid, together with a known furanocoumarin: α-amyrin (1), ß-amyrin (2) α-amyrin acetate (3) ß-amyrin acetate (4), α-amyrin octanoate (5), ß-amyrin octanoate (6), α-amyrin decanoate (7), ß-amyrin decanoate (8), α-amyrin dodecanoate (9), ß-amyrin dodecanoate (10), α-amyrin tetradecanoate (11), ß-amyrin tetradecanoate (12), α-amyrin hexadecanoate (13), ß-amyrin hexadecanoate (14), glutinol (15), glutinyl acetate (16), 11-oxo-α-amyrin (17), 11-oxo-ß-amyrin (18), 11-oxo-α-amyrin acetate (19), 11-oxo-ß-amyrin acetate (20) 11-oxo-α-amyrin octanoate (21) 11-oxo-ß-amyrin octanoate (22), 11-oxo-α-amyrin decanoate (23), 11-oxo-ß-amyrin decanoate (24) 11-oxo-α-amyrin dodecanoate (25) 11-oxo-ß-amyrin dodecanoate (26), ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-yl acetate (27), oleana-9(11),12-dien-3-yl acetate (28), ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-yl decanoate (29), oleana-9(11),12-dien-3-yl decanoate (30), 12,13-epoxyolean-3-yl acetate (31), 12,13-epoxyolean-9(11)en-3-yl acetate (32), taraxeryl acetate (33), lupenyl acetate (34), lanosta-8,24-dien-3-yl acetate (35) and psoralen (36). The identification of the triterpene compounds isolated as isomeric mixtures obtained from the hexane extract was based mainly in mass spectra and 13C-NMR data. The long-chain alkanoic acid esters of the triterpenes α- and ß-amyrin; 11-oxo-α- and 11-oxo-ß-amyrin; ursa- and olean-9(11),12-dien-3-yl; have not been reported before in the literature as constituents of the Dorstenia genus.
Asunto(s)
Ésteres/química , Moraceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Triterpenos/química , Ácido Acético/química , Ésteres/análisis , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Espectrometría de Masas , Estructura Molecular , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Triterpenos/análisisRESUMEN
Banana inflorescences are popularly known as 'navels,' and they are used in Brazil as nutritional complements. However, the nutritional value of banana inflorescences (male flowers and bracts) has never been studied. Therefore, plant material of Musa acuminata, cultivar "ouro", was collected in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and then submitted to chemical procedures to determine its nutritional composition. The experiment was arranged a completely randomized design and performed in triplicate. The sample composition analysis showed percentual average value for moisture, protein, fat and ash as 8.21, 14.50, 4.04 and 14.43, respectively. The dehydrated inflorescences were found to contain a significant nutritive complement based on their high content of potassium (5008.26 mg / 100 g) and fiber 49.83% (lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses) revealing important functional and nutritional properties. In a parallel evaluation, the anatomical study revealed key elements for the recognition of Musa acuminata when reduced to fragments.
Asunto(s)
Inflorescencia/química , Musa/química , Valor Nutritivo , Humanos , Inflorescencia/anatomía & histología , Musa/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Couroupitaguianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae) is popularly known in Brazil as "abricó-de-macaco". Infusions or teas obtained from its leaves, flowers, and barks are used in South America for the treatment of several disorders such as pain and inflammatory processes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Evaluate antinociceptive effects of crude ethanol extract (CEE) and its fractions in three analgesic models (acetic acid-induced contortions, tail flick, and hot plate) and study the possible mechanism of their action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CEE, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions (10, 30, and 100mg/kg, p.o.) and the reference drug morphine (5mg/kg, s.c.) were evaluated. To elucidate the mechanism of action from the fractions, animals were pre-treated (30 min) with atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist, 1mg/kg, s.c.), mecamylamine (nicotinic receptor antagonist, 2mg/kg, s.c.), naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist, 1mg/kg, s.c.) or L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 3mg/kg, s.c.). RESULTS: CEE and fractions significantly inhibited the number of contortions induced by acetic acid. All fractions showed antinociceptive activity in the tail flick model, being the hexane and ethyl acetate the most potent and long acting fractions. In the hot plate method the highest effect observed was at the dose of 100mg/kg from all fractions. Administration of naloxone inhibited the antinociceptive effect of fractions. Pre-treatment of mice with atropine reduced the antinociceptive activity of CEE and its fractions, the exception being the dichloromethane fraction. Mecamylamine did not inhibited the effect of dichloromethane fraction. L-NAME reduced the anti-hyperalgesic effect of all fractions, but the most prominent effect was observed in the antinociceptive activity caused by CEE and butanol fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained demonstrated that Couroupita guianensis CEE and its fractions have antinociceptive activity that is mediated, at least in part, by opioid and cholinergic systems and nitric oxide pathway.