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Objective: To evaluate the difference between chromosomal abnormalities between the gender of couples affected by Recurrent miscarriage (RM) and if there is an association between previous obstetric history and chromosomal abnormalities of the parents.Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, observational study from seven different RM clinics between 2006 and 2016. We enrolled 707 couples (1014 participants) with a history of RM. We compared the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities between groups of couples with primary and secondary RM and separated between women and their partners. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities between groups based on the number of previous spontaneous abortions.Results: The overall prevalence of all cytogenetic abnormalities was 5.59% (n = 1414, women and their partners). Excluding cases of polymorphism and inversion of chromosome 9, which are considered variants of normality, the prevalence in all individuals was 2.26% (n = 32/1414). The comparative analysis of cases of chromosomal abnormalities among couples with primary and secondary RM based on the number of previous miscarriages (PM) revealed a similar frequency between groups. The statistical analysis of the total cases (primary PM + secondary PM) in these three groups were as follows: (a) couple, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .514; (b) women, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .347; and (3) partner, 2 pm versus 3 pm vs. ≥4 PM, p = .959. Chromosomal abnormalities were significantly more prevalent among women than among their partners (6.9 versus 4.2%; p = .027). Moreover, the distribution of leading chromosomal abnormalities among women was different compared with their partners. Among women, we observed these abnormalities in the following frequency order: mosaicism (38.8%), polymorphism (32.6%), translocation (16.3%), and inversion (12.3%). Among their partners, these abnormalities were polymorphism (73.3%), inversion (13.3%), mosaicism (6.7%), and translocation (6.7%).Conclusion: The number of PM and the history of full-term pregnancy does not correlate with an increase or decrease in the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities in couples with RM.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate which types of recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients experienced a livebirth after paternal lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) and to evaluate the perinatal outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a multicenter, observational study which enrolled 1096 couples with a history of two or more spontaneous miscarriages without any intercalated delivery. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis of couples with RM treated with or without LIT regarding to gestational and perinatal outcomes. We compared groups by using the Student's t-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact-test and χ 2 test when appropriate. RESULTS: The success of gestation was significantly higher in the LIT group (60.1% vs. 33.1%; p < 0.001). A sub-analysis of four different immune disorder groups revealed a significantly higher success in the LIT group in all immune categories, except in patients who had autoantibodies positive. We observed no significant differences in perinatal outcomes such as gestational age at birth, preterm and extreme preterm birth, and birth weight in successful pregnancy in both groups. The success rate was significantly higher when LIT was administrated before and during pregnancy and only during pregnancy compared to only before pregnancy (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Careful laboratory test phenotyping of RM patients may identify subgroups most likely to benefit and exclude those with little likelihood of benefit, and LIT during a pregnancy may significantly improve success rates.

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PROBLEM: To evaluate the predictors of successful pregnancies in women with a history of recurrent miscarriages (RMs) having undergone lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT). METHOD OF STUDY: Retrospective, multicenter, observational study which involved 702 pregnant women with history of RM treated with LIT. Comparative analysis of women with a history of RM having undergone LIT and experienced treatment success vs those having experienced treatment failure along with the analysis of the association between the number of prior miscarriages and the efficacy of LIT. RESULTS: A total of 421 women were able to carry the pregnancy to term, with treatment success rate of 60%. The multivariate analysis showed that age, the association between autoantibodies and thrombophilia, and the number of previous miscarriages were factors associated with LIT failure. Secondary RMs alone were not found to be a factor predictive of LIT success or failure; however, secondary RMs among women with a history of 5 or more RM were found to be a predictor of LIT success (OR: 10.24; 95% CI: 1.9-55.8; P = .007). CONCLUSION: Age, the number of previous miscarriages, and the association between autoantibodies and thrombophilia are associated with LIT failure. A higher number of previous miscarriages in cases of secondary RM resulted in better LIT outcomes.

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Plastic ingestion is well documented among marine birds and sea turtles but fewer studies have investigated ingestion in fish, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. We investigated the frequency of plastic ingestion in 21 species of fish and one species of cephalopod. The overall occurrence of plastic ingestion was 0.3%. Two micro-plastic items were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of a single Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni). Ingestion rates were similar to other studies of fish conducted in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, however comparisons across species and locations are challenging due to the lack of consistency in the identification and classification of plastic debris. In response, we propose a standardised sampling protocol based on the available literature to provide a stronger basis for comparisons among existing and future studies of plastic ingestion in fish.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that the ingestion of açaí pulp can improve serum lipid profile in various animal models; therefore, we hypothesized that açaí pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) may modulate the expression of the genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the liver and increase fecal excretion, thus reducing serum cholesterol. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of 7α-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G transporters (ABCG5 and ABCG8), which are genes involved with the secretion of cholesterol in the rat. We also evaluated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and apolipoprotein B100, which are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Female Fischer rats were divided into 4 groups: the C group, which was fed a standard AIN-93 M diet; the CA group, which was fed a standard diet supplemented with 2% açaí pulp; the H group, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soy oil and 1% cholesterol); and the HA group, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 2% açaí pulp. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized, and their blood and livers were collected. The HA group exhibited a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index and also had increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol excretion in feces compared with the H group. In addition, the expression of the LDL-R, ABCG5, and ABCG8 genes was significantly increased by the presence of açaí pulp. These results suggest that açaí pulp promotes a hypocholesterolemic effect in a rat model of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia through an increase in the expression of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G transporters, and LDL-R genes.

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