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INTRODUCTION: Dermoscopy aids in identifying histopathological subtypes and the presence of clinically undetectable pigmentation in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the dermoscopic features of BCC subtypes and better understand non-classical dermoscopic patterns. METHODS: Clinical and histopathological findings were recorded by a dermatologist who was blinded to the dermoscopic images. Dermoscopic images were interpreted by two independent dermatologists blinded to the patients' clinical and histopathologic diagnosis. Agreement between the two evaluators and with histopathological findings was evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient analysis. RESULTS: The study included a total of 96 BBC patients with 6 histopathologic variants: nodular (n=48, 50%), infiltrative (n=14, 14.6%), mixed (n=11, 11.5%), superficial (n=10, 10.4%), basosquamous (n=10, 10.4%), and micronodular (n=3, 3.1%). Clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of pigmented BCC showed high agreement with histopathological diagnosis. The most common dermoscopic findings according to subtype were as follows: nodular BCC: shiny white-red structureless background (85.4%), white structureless areas (75%), and arborizing vessels (70.7%); infiltrative BCC: shiny white-red structureless background (92.9%), white structureless areas (78.6%), arborizing vessels (71.4%); mixed BCC: shiny white-red structureless background (72.7%), white structureless areas (54.4%), and short fine telangiectasias (54.4%); superficial BCC: shiny white-red structureless background (100%), short fine telangiectasias (70%); basosquamous BCC: shiny white-red structureless background (100%), white structureless areas (80%), keratin masses (80%); micronodular BCC: short fine telangiectasias (100%). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, arborizing vessels were the most common classical dermoscopic feature of BCC, while shiny white-red structureless background and white structureless areas were the most frequent non-classical dermoscopic features.

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Bowenoid papulosis is an uncommon precancerous condition of the genitalia caused by oncogenic human papillomavirus types. It is seen in young, sexually active adults and histologically resembles Bowen's disease. Dermoscopy is useful in the diagnosis of both pigmented and non-pigmented skin lesions, but dermoscopic diagnostic accuracy criteria have not yet developed in diseases such as bowenoid papulosis and Bowen's disease. This case report analyzes the dermoscopic findings of bowenoid papulosis in the literature with the aim of increasing the frequency of use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of bowenoid papulosis in clinical practice.

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Linear IgA dermatosis (LAD) is a rare, subepidermal blistering disease with mucocutaneous involvement. It may be idiopathic or drug induced. We describe a 4-year-old girl who presented with a vesiculobullous eruption after she had been treated with cefixime for urinary tract infection. A diagnosis of drug-induced LAD was made based on clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescence findings. Naranjo adverse drug reaction algorithm was used to assess imputability resulting with a "probable" association. In literature, cephalosporin antibiotics are rarely reported in association with LAD. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a cefixime-induced LAD among adults and children.

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Purpose: To evaluate whether cases with both psoriasis and metabolic syndrome are prone to retinal and macular changes. Materials and Methods: A total of 174 eyes of 87 subjects were evaluated. Of the 87 subjects, 24 had psoriasis, 19 had psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, 18 had metabolic syndrome only and 26 were healthy subjects. Biochemical analysis, anthropometric, blood pressure and optical coherence tomography measurements and thickness analysis were obtained for each case. Results: The superior retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was significantly lower in the psoriasis and metabolic syndrome group than in the psoriasis group. For all parafoveal quadrants, the ganglion cell complex thickness was statistically significantly lower in the psoriasis group than in the healthy group. The central macula was thinnest in the healthy group among the four groups. Conclusions: Psoriasis can cause retinal changes, and metabolic syndrome may cause additional damage in the retina and macula in cases with psoriasis.

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INTRODUCTION: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris, the exact pathophysiology is still unknown. AIM: To investigate the level of calprotectin in acne vulgaris and its levels relationship with disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 66 AV patients, who were divided into 33 mild and 33 moderate-severe cases, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease severity was assessed using the Global Acne Score. According to this scale, patients whose Global Acne Score was 1-18 had mild acne, those with a score of 19-30 had moderate acne, those with a score of 31-38 had severe acne, and those with a score greater than 39 had very severe acne. Serum calprotectin levels of all participants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: The serum calprotectin levels in the moderate-severe AV group were significantly higher than that of the mild AV group (p < 0.001). In addition, the serum calprotectin level in the mild AV group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (p = 0.047). However, in the Spearman's correlation analysis, the serum calprotectin level and GAS were not correlated in AV patients (p = 0.171, r = 0.179). CONCLUSIONS: Serum calprotectin levels are increased in mild and moderate AV patients.

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The differential diagnosis of chronic ulcers covers a wide range of diseases and poses a diagnostic challenge. Subcutaneous ischemic arteriolosclerosis can lead to local ischaemia and ulceration as a result of arteriolar narrowing and reduction of tissue perfusion. This pathophysiological feature can be seen in eutrophication (nonuremic calciphylaxis) in morbid obesity, hypertensive ischemic leg ulcer (Martorell ulcer) and calciphylaxis in chronic renal insufficiency. All of the ulcers happened in this way can be wrongly diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum because of clinical similarity and inadequate biopsies. We report a case of chronic ulcer due to subcutaneous arteriolosclerosis in morbid obesity, wrongly diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. It can be detrimental to misdiagnose the ulcers due to subcutaneous arteriolosclerosis as pyoderma gangrenosum since they need a diametrically different approach.

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Onychophagia, which refers to compulsive nail-biting behavior, is common among children and young adults. Onychophagia can cause destruction to the cuticle and nail plate, leading to shortening of nails, chronic paronychia, and secondary infections. Relatively uncommon effects include pigmentary changes, such as longitudinal melanonychia and splinter hemorrhages. We report a case of a young adult with longitudinal melanonychia, splinter hemorrhages, punctate leukonychia, and pterygium inversum unguis, concurrently induced by onychophagia. Importantly, patients usually do not report this behavior when asked about nail-related changes. Even upon questioning, they may deny nail-biting behavior. As in many other dermatological disorders, dermoscopy can be helpful in the diagnosis of nail disorders.