RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The study of bone mineralization in the neonatal period and of bone disease is receiving increasing interest. Osteosonography is a new method for measuring bone mineralization without exposing the patient to radiation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the speed of ultrasound in healthy newborns, the possible variations in preterm infants, and their relationship with gestational age and anthropometry. METHODS: One-hundred newborns (53 term infants [26 males, 27 females] and 47 preterm infants [27 males and 20 females]) were studied. The variables measured were gestational age, length, weight, circumferences (head and thoracic) and amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SOS). A prior study was carried out to select the area of measurement with ultrasound between both femora and humeri. RESULTS: No significant differences in Ad-SOS were found between the right and left femora or humeri, but there were significant differences between femora and humeri (p 0.001). The mean Ad-SOS in the population was 1706.6 36.3 m/s. Ad-SOS was 1726 26.2 m/s in term infants and 1679 36.7 m/s in preterm infants; this difference was statistically significant. Correlations were also found between Ad-SOS and gestational age and anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: Ad-SOS is an effective method for bone mineralization screening in newborns and for detecting postnatal changes.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Calcificación Fisiológica , Antropometría , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Antecedentes: El estudio de la mineralización ósea en el período neonatal y sus enfermedades tiene un interés creciente. La osteosonografía es un nuevo método que permite valorar la mineralización ósea sin radiación. Objetivo: Conocer la velocidad de conducción de los ultrasonidos en recién nacidos normales, las posibles variaciones en pretérminos y las relaciones con la edad gestacional y antropometría. Métodos: La población fue de 100 recién nacidos, 53 de ellos a término (26 varones, 27 mujeres) y 47 pretérminos (27 varones, 20 mujeres). Se evaluaron la siguientes variables: edad gestacional, longitud, peso, perímetros (craneal y torácico) y la velocidad del sonido dependiente de la amplitud (Ad-SOS). Se realizó estudio previo para elegir el punto de medición con ultrasonidos entre ambos fémures y húmeros. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas de la Ad-SOS entre las mediciones realizadas en fémures y húmeros derechos frente a los izquierdos; sí existen entre fémures y húmeros (p < 0,001). La Ad-SOS media de la población fue 1.706,6 ± 36,3 m/s. La Ad-SOS en los niños a términos fue de 1.726 ± 26,2 m/s y en los pretérminos de 1.679 ± 36,7 m/s, diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Se encontraron correlaciones de la Ad-SOS con la edad gestacional y los parámetros antropométricos. Conclusiones: La Ad-SOS es un buen método para el cribado de la mineralización ósea en el recién nacido y monitorización de los cambios posnatales (AU)
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Humanos , Calcificación Fisiológica , Huesos , AntropometríaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The objective of this study has been to know the copper levels in maternal and cord blood at delivery, the relationships between them, and the influence that maternal age, parity, social class, sex, gestational age and anthropometric parameters have over them. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Copper levels in serum from one hundred mothers and their newborns have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The mean copper level in maternal serum was 232.4 +/- 31.3 micrograms/100 ml, and 50.2 +/- 18.4 micrograms/100 ml in cord blood. We do not find any influence of maternal age, parity, sex and neonatal anthropometry over these levels. We see an ascending tendency of serum copper in the newborns as they increase their gestational age, and in mothers as soon as they belong to a lower socioeconomic level. There is a significant difference between the cord copper levels of newborns from mothers with serum copper levels less or equal to P25 or P50 and those from ones over P75, and a significant positive correlation between maternal and newborns ones. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the relationship between the maternal and neonatal copper status, the influence of the socioeconomic situation on the maternal levels, and the age gestational age on the newborns ones.
Asunto(s)
Cobre/sangre , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Antropometría , Femenino , Sangre Fetal/química , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Embarazo , Valores de Referencia , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
The adverse reactions to vaccines are still a questioned subject because of the diversity of criteria they have been assessed with. We review the different etiopathogenic mechanisms that may be involved in their production, so as their local and general clinical features. We finally suggest that in despite of presentation of the adverse reactions that can be really attributed to vaccines, in order to known their real incidence it is necessary to develop a control system all over the vaccinated population.