RESUMEN
Sodium bentonite (SB) was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler diets. It was incorporated into the diets (0.3%) containing 2.5 mg/kg AFB1, 200 mg/kg FB1, or a combination of 2.5 mg/kg AFB1 and 200 mg/kg FB1. Aflatoxin B1 significantly diminished body weight gain, whereas FB1 or the combination of FB1 and SB had no effect. Addition of SB in the diets significantly diminished the inhibitory effects of dietary AFB1. Feeding AFB1 alone caused significant increases in the relative weights of most observed organs. Feeding FB1 alone did not alter relative weights of any organs. In the combined diet (AFB1 plus FB1) relative weights of the liver, kidney, gizzard, and spleen were increased. Addition of SB to the diet containing AFB1 diminished the relative weights of liver, kidney, and spleen. Addition of SB to diets containing AFB1 and FB1 only decreased liver weights. In relation to the control, lower serum levels of total protein, albumin, and globulins were observed for all AFB, containing diets without SB addition, whereas all other treatments were not altered. Livers of birds fed diets containing AFB1 and a combination of AFB1 and FB1 were enlarged, yellowish, friable, and had rounded borders. The histopathology of them, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, showed multifocal and varied cytoplasmatic vacuolization with perilobular location. Incorporation of SB reduced the incidence and severity of the hepatic histopathology changes associated with aflatoxicosis.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxina B1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Bentonita/administración & dosificación , Pollos , Dieta , Contaminación de Alimentos , Fumonisinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aflatoxina B1/farmacocinética , Aflatoxina B1/toxicidad , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Fumonisinas/farmacocinética , Fumonisinas/toxicidad , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Hepatopatías/prevención & control , Hepatopatías/veterinaria , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In vitro studies indicated that a sodium bentonite (SB) from southern Argentina had a high ability to sorb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from aqueous solution. We evaluated this compound for its ability to reduce the effects of total aflatoxins (AF; 5 mg AFB1/kg) in the diet of growing broiler chickens from 30 to 52 d of age. The diets were amended with 0.3% Argentinean SB to determine the effect of this compound during aflatoxicosis. When compared with the controls, BW gains were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for broilers fed diets containing AF alone (1,865 vs. 1,552 g). No differences were found between the BW gains of broiler chickens fed diets without AF (1,785 g) and those of chickens fed AF + SB (1,809 g). These results suggest that effects of AF treatment were ameliorated when SB was used in the broiler chick diets. The AF significantly (P < 0.05) decreased feed efficiency. Liver, kidney, and pancreas relative weights increased in chickens fed the diet containing AF alone. Alterations in the levels of serum total protein, albumin (ALB), and globulins (GLOB) were observed for AF diets, and moderate protection was provided by the sorbent. The ALB:GLOB ratio decreased in both groups of birds fed with the AF-contaminated diet, and we observed a moderate increase in this ratio by 0.3% addition of SB. The histopathological findings in liver sections of broiler fed diets with AF + SB indicated a nonprotective effect of this adsorbent, because a moderate hepatic steatosis was observed.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxina B1/toxicidad , Bentonita/farmacología , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Adsorción , Aflatoxina B1/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Argentina , Bentonita/metabolismo , Bentonita/uso terapéutico , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
An experiment was designed to evaluate a) the effect of a progesterone-estradiol combined treatment on ovarian follicular dynamics in postpartum beef cows, and b) ovulation and the subsequent luteal activity after short-term calf removal and GnRH agonist treatment. Multiparous Angus cows (25 to 40 d after calving) were assigned to the following treatments: untreated (Control, n = 9); short term calf removal (CR, n = 8); progesterone (CIDR, n = 9) and progesterone plus estradiol-17 beta (CIDR + E-17 beta, n = 9). Progesterone treatment (CIDR) lasted 8 d and the day of device insertion was considered as Day 0. Cows in the CIDR + E-17 beta group also received an i.m. injection of 5 mg of E-17 beta on Day 1. On Day 8, calves were removed for 48 h (CR, CIDR and CIDR + E-17 beta groups) and 6 h before the end of calf removal these cows also received an i.m. injection of 8 micrograms of Busereline (GnRH). Anestrus was confirmed in all cows by the absence of luteal tissue and progesterone concentrations below 1 ng ml-1 at the beginning of the experiment. Although mean (+/- SEM) interval from the beginning of the experiment (Day 0) to wave emergence did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups (Control, 1.9 +/- 1.0, range -2 to 7 d; CR, 3.9 +/- 0.7, range 0 to 6 d; CIDR, 2.8 +/- 0.5, range 0 to 4 d and CIDR + E-17 beta, 4.1 +/- 0.2, range 3 to 5), the variability was less (P < 0.05) in the CIDR + E-17 beta group. The proportion of cows ovulating 24 to 48 h after GnRH administration tended (P = 0.08) to be higher in cows from CIDR + E-17 beta group (8/9) than in those of CR (5/8) or CIDR (6/9) groups, respectively and was associated with a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of CIDR + E-17 beta treated cows (9/9) that had a dominant follicle in the growing/early static phase at the time of GnRH treatment compared to the other GnRH treated groups (5/8, and 4/9 for CR and CIDR groups, respectively). Two CR cows ovulated 0-24 h after GnRH and only one Control cow ovulated the day before the time of GnRH administration. Cows pretreated with progesterone had longer (P < 0.05) luteal lifespan (CIDR, 14.5 +/- 0.7, CIDR + E-17 beta, 13.9 +/- 0.6 d) than those not treated with CIDR (Control, 5, CR, 4.0 +/- 0.4). We conclude that progesterone plus estradiol treatment results in tightly synchronized wave emergence and high GnRH-induced ovulation rate with normal luteal activity in postpartum beef cattle.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/fisiología , Sincronización del Estro/fisiología , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Inducción de la Ovulación/veterinaria , Administración Intravaginal , Anestro , Animales , Animales Lactantes , Peso Corporal , Buserelina/uso terapéutico , Cuerpo Lúteo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Lúteo/fisiología , Estradiol/uso terapéutico , Sincronización del Estro/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/uso terapéutico , Folículo Ovárico/diagnóstico por imagen , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos , Periodo Posparto , Progesterona/sangre , Progesterona/uso terapéutico , Radioinmunoensayo/veterinaria , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
The antimicrobial activity of a new fluoro-quinolone, lomefloxacin (NY-198, SC47111), was evaluated by standardized susceptibility testing methods at ten laboratories in Argentina. Lomefloxacin was found to be the most active drug against 1,316 recent clinical isolates compared directly to norfloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and gentamicin. Only 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were lomefloxacin-resistant (MIC greater than 4 micrograms/ml), and the lomefloxacin MIC90 for all staphylococci was 2 micrograms/ml, including methicillin-resistant isolates. Streptococci, enterococci, and some Pseudomonads (9% resistance) were less susceptible to lomefloxacin. Lomefloxacin was the most active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains compared to penicillin, cefuroxime, and spectinomycin. Among the tested Mycobacteria, only the nontuberculosis, slow growers had lomefloxacin MICs of greater than 4 micrograms/ml.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoroquinolonas , Quinolonas , 4-Quinolonas , Argentina , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estudios Multicéntricos como AsuntoRESUMEN
Se estudio la mortalidad en el Uruguay por tumores malignos del tubo digestivo, segun loalizacion y sexo en los anos 1963 y 1975, a partir de datos publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Publica. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos del ano 1975 con datos internacionales. La mortalidad por el total de tumores malignos del tubo digestivo, no vario en los dos anos estudiados, asi como tampoco la distribucion por sexo. En cambio, vario la mortalidad por localizacion; disminuyendo la mortalidad por tumor maligno de estomago y aumentando la mortalidad por tumor maligno de intestino, excepto recto. Comparando los datos del ano 1975 del Uruguay,con los de otras regiones, se observo inversion del orden de frecuencia en los canceres de esofago y recto en Uruguay, el cancer de esofago ocupa el tercer lugar y en otras regiones en cambio, ocupa el cuarto lugar: lo inverso ocurre con el cancer de recto. En el conocimiento de los autores, no existe hasta ahora ningun estudio similar
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Intestinales , Neoplasias Gástricas , Factores de Edad , MortalidadRESUMEN
En la primera parte de este trabajo, "Tumores Malignos del tubo Digestivo en la Poblacion del Uruguay", se estudio el numero de muertes y las tasas de mortalidad por tumores malignos del tubo digestivo en el Uruguay, en los anos 1963 e 1975, y su incidencia en ambos sexos en cada uno de los grupos de edad en que se dividio la poblacion. Se compararon dichos valores con cifras y tasas de mortalidad de estudios realizados internacionalmente en otras naciones. En esta segunda parte, se estudian el numero de muertes y las tasas de mortalidad por tumores malignos de esofago y de estomago segun grupos de edad y sexo.Dicho estudio muestra que las cifras analizadas han permanecido invariables en los dos anos estudiados para los tumores malignos de esofago; en tanto que han disminuido, en 1975, para los tumores malignos de estomago. En ambos anos, y en ambos tipos de tumores, se verifica un predominio del sexo masculino sobre el femenino, y un aumento del numero de muertes y de las tasas de mortalidad, con la edad.Estos datos coinciden con los consultados en estudios internacionales
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Gástricas , MortalidadRESUMEN
En este trabajo fueron estudiados anteriormente, (primera parte) el numero de muertes y las tasas de mortalidad por tumores malignos del tubo digestivo en la poblacion del Uruguay para 1963 y 1975 y comparacion internacional. Se estudiaron luego (segunda parte), la mortalidad y las tasas de mortalidad por tumores malignos de esofago y estomago por grupos de edad y sexo, comparando los datos obtenidos para "otros paises" a nivel internacional. En esta tercera parte, se estudian el numero de muertes y las tasas de mortalidad por tumores malignos de intestino (excepto recto) y recto, segun grupos de edad y sexo. Estos estudios muestran, que en Uruguay los tumores malignos de intestino (excepto recto), presentan tasas similares para 1963 y 1975 en ambos sexos, observandose predominio del sexo femenino sobre el masculino en ambos anos. Para los tumores malignos de recto, se observa un descenso de las tasas de mortalidad en el ano 1975 con respecto a 1963, que se verifica en casi todas las edades y en ambos sexos manteniendose el predominio del sexo masculino sobre el femenino