RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to register antibody prevalences of HHV-7 in various locations of the world in comparison to the closely related HHV-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera of healthy blood donors from nine countries in five continents were titered by indirect immunofluorescent assays using HHV-6 infected HSB2 and HHV-7 infected SupT1 cells. RESULTS: Antibody prevalence for HHV-7 is high (75-98%) in practically all countries except for Northern Japan (44%), with no simple correlation to elevated HHV-6 antibody titers. There were regions of low, intermediate and high mean antibody titers against HHV-7 such as 78.5-91.3 for Belgium, Israel, Japan, USA and Australia, 175.4-182.6 for Mexico and Cologne/Germany, and 389.2 for South Africa for which geographic characteristics may be responsible. CONCLUSION: HHV-7, similar to HHV-6, is a widespread human herpesvirus with elevated antibody titers in the healthy human population essentially everywhere. The data warrant further studies to evaluate its possible pathologic potential, preferentially in persons with defective immune responses.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/epidemiología , Herpesvirus Humano 6/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 7/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia/epidemiología , Bélgica/epidemiología , Femenino , Alemania/epidemiología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Israel/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We have presented a working hypothesis showing the possible interrelations between proliferative, aproliferative and autoimmune disorders that may follow infection with lymphotropic herpesviruses. Aproliferative disorders in this context may also indicate immune or hematopoietic deficiency. Although this hypothesis can currently be best documented with the lymphotropic viruses (herpesviruses as well as similarly HTLV and HIV), the model may apply as well--with certain variations--to other viral infections such as with hepatitis virus B or C with acute or chronic infectious diseases, post-infectious arthritis, aplastic anemia, and other autoimmune liver diseases, as well as neoplastic diseases (hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia). The working hypothesis as depicted in Figure 2 permits a preview of which combinations of symptoms may occur in an individual disease independent of its initial classification and what clinical testing should be done respectively, and it also permits certain prognostic considerations. The above-mentioned transitions or combinations of various disease patterns have been repeatedly described in the medical literature (to refer to only a few examples: APL and MPD, HD and MDS, SLE and aplastic anemia, SLE and Kikuchi's disease; 23, 80-83). Finally the hypothesis can ideally serve as the basis for future planning of clinical research.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes/virología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/inmunología , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/virología , Modelos Inmunológicos , Anemia Aplásica/inmunología , Anemia Aplásica/patología , Anemia Aplásica/virología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/patología , División Celular , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/inmunología , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/patología , Enfermedades Hematológicas/inmunología , Enfermedades Hematológicas/patología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/patología , Humanos , Activación de Linfocitos , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/inmunología , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/patología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/patología , Neoplasias/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/patología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/inmunología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patologíaRESUMEN
Severe complicated measles has a high mortality rate and no specific treatment. Ten patients with complicated measles - 9 infants with respiratory failure and a 15 year old boy with encephalitis - received immunotherapy with Non-specific Transfer Factor (NTF). The patients had variable degrees of undernourishment and were severely ill when immunotherapy was started. 8/9 cases with respiratory failure were cured. One died of bronchoaspiration while recovering from the measles. The case with encephalitis showed no neurological sequelae two weeks after receiving the last dose of NTF. Treatment of complicated measles with NTF in these patients seemed very effective and deserves further trial.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoterapia , Sarampión/terapia , Factor de Transferencia/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Infecciones Bacterianas/complicaciones , Candidiasis Bucal/complicaciones , Varicela/complicaciones , Preescolar , Encefalitis Viral/terapia , Encefalitis Viral/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Lactante , Masculino , Sarampión/complicaciones , Meningoencefalitis/terapia , Meningoencefalitis/virología , Trastornos Nutricionales/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/virologíaRESUMEN
Fifty patients with various hyperplastic and malignant lymphoproliferative diseases were investigated for evidence of human herpesvirus-6 infection. Virus DNA and antigen expression was investigated in lymph node biopsies by in situ hybridization and immunohistology and was correlated with data of immunophenotyping. Supplemental immunoglobulin- and T cell receptor gene rearrangement studies were used to support the classification of the proliferative lymphoid lesion. Elevated numbers of cells carrying HHV-6 DNA and/or antigens were found in cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma and follicular center cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as atypical polyclonal lymphoproliferation (APL), yet not in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and in most other lymphomas. Immunophenotyping showed that virus -infected cells were primarily lympho-histiocytic elements, less frequently Hodgkin's- and Reed-Sternberg cells, and not malignant B lymphocytes as in follicular center cell lymphomas. This suggests that the virus is rather not the causative oncogen in these cases, yet does not exclude a cocarcinogenic effect of it during the development and ths course of uncontrolled lymphoproliferation.