RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its predictors in general hospital personnel. METHODS: Two tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were carried out within 2 years in a sample of 371 health care workers (HCWs) at a general hospital in Santiago de Cuba Province, along with an interview to explore the association of LTBI with age, sex, occupation, contact history of TB and bacille Calmette-Guérin scar. A 10 mm cut-off point was used; an increase of ⩾10 mm in the second TST was considered as tuberculin conversion. RESULTS: Of the 350 HCWs with available TST results, 82 percent were female; the mean age was 37.6 years. LTBI prevalence was 15.4 percent: it was highest in professionals (20.6 percent); 60.3 percent were non-reactors, and at the second test a year later 1.4 percent were converters. Among the HCWs, physicians had the highest prevalence (21.8 percent), followed by nurses (19.6 percent), while administrative staff had the lowest prevalence (3.3 percent). The mean induration was 3.78 mm; it was highest in professionals (4.4 mm) and the lowest among support staff (2.6 mm). Contact with TB cases was found to be a risk factor for LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: Even at low levels, TB transmission in this hospital could be associated with risk exposure. It is recommended that preventive chemotherapy be given to tuberculin converters as an infection control measure in this hospital(AU)

OBJECTIFS : Déterminer dans le personnel dun hôpital général la prévalence de linfection tuberculeuse latente (LTBI) et ses facteurs prédictifs.MÉTHODES : Un test cutané tuberculinique (TST), répété une année plus tard, a été réalisée en parallèle avec une interview dans un échantillon de 371 membres du personnel dun hôpital général dans la province de Santiago de Cuba afin dexplorer lassociation de la LTBI avec lâge, le sexe, loccupation, les antécédents de contact avec les patients tuberculeux (TB) ainsi que la vaccination par le bacille Calmette Guérin. La limite de positivité a été fixée à ≥10 mm ; lors du deuxième test r éalisé 1 an après chez les sujets TST-négatifs, une augmentation ≥10 mm a été considérée comme un virage tuberculinique. RÉSULTATS : Parmi les 350 HCW dont les résultats des TST étaient disponibles, 82 por cento étaient de sexe féminin ; lâge moyen était de 37,6 ans. La prévalence des tests positifs >10 mm était de 15,4 Pourcent ; elle a été plus élevée chez les professionnels (20,6 Pourcent). Il y a eu 60,3 Pourcent de nonréacteurs (0 mm dinduration) ; lors du deuxième test après 1 an, on a noté 1,4 Pourcent de virage. La prévalence de positivité a été la plus élevée chez les médecins (21,8 Pourcent), suivie des infirmières (19,6 Pourcent) ; elle a été la plus faible chez les employés de bureau (3,3 Pourcent). Linduration moyenne (y compris les non-réacteurs) a été de 3,8 mm, la plus élevée chez les professionnels (4,4 mm) et la plus faible chez le personnel auxiliaire (2,6 mm). Le contact avec un cas de TB sest avéré un facteur prédictif de la LTBI. CONCLUSIONS : Bien que dans cet hôpital les niveaux de transmission de la TB soient faibles, on a pu néanmoins la mettre en association avec lexposition au risque. Il y a lieu de recommander lapplication dune chimiothérapie préventive en cas de virage tuberculinique ainsi que le maintien de mesures adéquates de maîtrise de linfection dans cet hôpital.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de infección tuberculosa la tente (LTBI) en el personal de un hospital general y valorar su posible asociación con algunas variables predictoras. MÉTODOS: En una muestra de 371 trabajadores de un hospital general en Santiago de Cuba, se aplicaron pruebas tuberculínicas (TST) en dos ocasiones y un cuestionario para explorar la presencia de asociación con edad, sexo, ocupación, antecedentes de contacto con pacientes tuberculosos y presencia de cicatriz de vacunación bacille Calmette Guérin. Se consideraron positivas las induraciones de ≥10 mm y conversión tuberculínica al incremento ≥10 mm en la segunda prueba realizada un año más tarde a los previamente negativos. RESULTADOS: De los 350 trabajadores con TST leída, 82 por ciento fueron mujeres; la media de edad fue 37,6 años. La prevalencia de LTBI fue 15,4 por ciento; mayor en profesionales (20,6 por ciento); 60,3 por ciento fueron anérgicos con 1,4 por ciento de conversión tuberculínica en la segunda encuesta. Los médicos tuvieron el mayor porcentaje de reactores (21,8 por ciento), seguidos de enfermero(a)s (19,6 por ciento), y la menor en personal de oficinas (3,3 por ciento). La media de las induraciones fue 3,8 mm, mayor en los profesionales (4,4 mm) y menor en obreros (2,6 mm). Se encontró asociación estadística de la presencia de infección con el contacto con casos de TB. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque en niveles bajos, la presencia de transmisión tuberculosa en el hospital podría estar asociada al riesgo de exposición, por lo que sería recomendable valorar la aplicación de la quimioterapia preventiva en los convertores tuberculínicos y mantener las medidas adecuadas de control de infección en este hospital(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Parque Porcino de Ventanilla has an extension of 840ha with 2200 farmers dedicated to pig production. There is a lack of services in the area (i.e., water supply, electricity, or waste collection). Anaerobic treatment of pig manure would replace current dumping and incineration, reducing environmental pollution and hazards to public health, as well as providing an organic fertilizer and biogas. The objective of the present work was to study the viability of ambient temperature anaerobic digestion of pig manure diluted in urine, by means of on-site pilot scale reactors. The final goal was to establish design parameters for anaerobic digesters to be implemented; since it was part of a project to improve life conditions for the farmers through the incorporation of better management techniques. Experiments were carried out in a low-cost pilot plant, which consists of three anaerobic digesters (225L total volume), without heating or agitation, placed in a greenhouse. The start-up of the digestion process was performed with a mixture of temperature adapted pig manure-sludge and fresh rumen, and showed a good performance regardless of the dilution of pig manure with water or urine, which is a key parameter due to the scarcity of water in the area under study.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The lignin biodegradation process has an important role in the carbon cycle of the biosphere. The study of this natural process has developed mainly with the use of basidiomycetes in laboratory investigations. This has been a logical approach since most of the microorganisms involved in lignocellulosic degradation belong to this class of fungi. However, other microorganisms such as ascomycetes and also some bacteria, are involved in the lignin decaying process. This work focuses on lignin biodegradation by a microorganism belonging to the ascomycete class, Chrysonilia sitophila. Lignin peroxidase production and characterization, mechanisms of lignin degradation (lignin model compounds and lignin in wood matrix) and biosynthesis of veratryl alcohol are outstanding. Applications of C. sitophila for effluent treatment, wood biodegradation and single-cell protein production are also discussed.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Neste trabalho analisam-se os aportes de W. R. Bion a psicanalise, tomando-se como eixo os termos novos que introduziu na teoria e seu uso pela comunidade psicanalitica. Discutem-se alguns destes termos (os mais usados e tambem os menos usados) assim como suas caracteristicas estilisticas e implicacoes. Alerta-se para o risco de que se convertam em um jargao, mais para reforcar a identidade daquele que os usa do que por uma compreensao autentica daquilo que o autor quis transmitir.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Neste trabalho analisam-se os aportes de W.R.Bion à psicanálise, tomando-se como eixo os termos novos que introduziu na teoria e seu uso pela comunidade psicanalítica. Discutem-se alguns destes termos (os mais usados e também os menos usados) assim como suas características estilísticas e implicações. Alerta-se para o risco de que se convertam em um jargão, mais para reforçar a identidade daquele que os usa do que por uma compreensão autêntica daquilo que o autor quis transmitir(au)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Present day concepts about history, etiology, embriology, and management of gastroschisis are reviewed and a case is reported; it was treated in two surgical steps. A silastic net was applied and the intestinal loops were gradually introduced until the abdominal defect closed completely. Parenteral feeding was also given.

Asunto(s)