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This systematic review synthesizes the existing evidence in the literature regarding the association of propolis with controlled delivery systems (DDSs) and its potential therapeutic action in dental medicine. Two independent reviewers performed a literature search up to 1 June 2023 in five databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, to identify the eligible studies. Clinical, in situ, and in vitro studies that investigated the incorporation of propolis as the main agent in DDSs for dental medicine were included in this study. Review articles, clinical cases, theses, dissertations, conference abstracts, and studies that had no application in dentistry were excluded. A total of 2019 records were initially identified. After carefully examining 21 full-text articles, 12 in vitro studies, 4 clinical, 1 animal model, and 3 in vivo and in vitro studies were included (n = 21). Relevant data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed qualitatively. The use of propolis has been reported in cariology, endodontics, periodontics, stomatology, and dental implants. Propolis has shown non-cytotoxic, osteoinductive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, propolis can be released from DDS for prolonged periods, presenting biocompatibility, safety, and potential advantage for applications in dental medicine.

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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effects of individual-level and tooth-level factors on apical periodontitis (AP) in an urban population in southern Brazil. A random sample of digital panoramic radiographs (n = 545) from a dental school database was evaluated. The diagnosis of AP was determined by using a dichotomous scale (yes/no). AP was assessed according to gender, age, presence and quality of endodontic treatment (ET), presence of an intracanal post, coronal condition, and dental group. Data were analyzed descriptively and through multilevel Poisson regression analysis, considering teeth characteristics (level 1) nested in individuals (level 2). In this sample of 545 participants, the prevalence of AP was 49.5% (n =2 70) and ET was 43.5% (n = 237). Considering 13,595 teeth, AP was identified in 596 (4.4%) and ET in 617 (4.5%). Of the teeth with ET, 153 (24.8%) presented AP. Among individual-level factors, the disease was not significantly associated with gender or age. For tooth-level factors, AP was significantly associated with ET quality: teeth with short fillings (< 3 mm) and teeth with over-fillings had 2.77 (CI: 1.95-3.94, p < 0.001) and 1.08 (CI: 0.39-2.98, p < 0.001) higher prevalence of AP, respectively. There was no association between AP and age, gender, dental group, coronal condition, or the presence of an intracanal post. AP was highly prevalent in this population, and multilevel analysis indicated a significant association with ET quality.

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This study sought to evaluate the physical and antimicrobial properties of a thermopolymerizable acrylic resin (PMMA) modified with metallic methacrylate monomers -zirconia (ZM), tin (TM), and di-n-butyl (DNTMB) methacrylates. Color stability was evaluated before and after immersion of samples in a staining solution by a digital spectrophotometer. The mechanical brushing test was evaluated by the roughness test. The flexural strength test used a mechanical testing machine. Human keratinocytes were used to assess cell viability and the biofilm formation assay was carried out for 5 days, in a microcosms model after one year of specimen storage. For statistical analysis, the method chosen was based on adherence to the normal distribution model and equality of variances (p < 0.05). The addition of DNTMB to PMMA promoted great antimicrobial action, acceptable cytocompatibility, without hampering the physical-mechanical properties of the commercial material. Therefore, the modified PMMA proved to be a promisor alternative to conventional resins.This study sought to evaluate the physical and antimicrobial properties of a thermopolymerizable acrylic resin (PMMA) modified with metallic methacrylate monomers -zirconia (ZM), tin (TM), and di-n-butyldimethacrylate-tin (DNTMB) methacrylates. Color stability was evaluated before and after immersion of samples in a staining solution using a digital spectrophotometer. The mechanical brushing test was evaluated by the roughness test. The flexural strength test used a mechanical testing machine. Human keratinocytes were used to assess cell viability and the biofilm formation assay was carried out for 5 days in a microcosm model after one year of specimen storage. For statistical analysis, the method chosen was based on adherence to the normal distribution model and equality of variances (p < 0.05). The addition of DNTMB to PMMA promoted great antimicrobial action, acceptable cytocompatibility, without hampering the physical-mechanical properties of the commercial material. Therefore, the modified PMMA proved to be a promising alternative to conventional denture base resins for dental use.

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Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effects of individual-level and tooth-level factors on apical periodontitis (AP) in an urban population in southern Brazil. A random sample of digital panoramic radiographs (n = 545) from a dental school database was evaluated. The diagnosis of AP was determined by using a dichotomous scale (yes/no). AP was assessed according to gender, age, presence and quality of endodontic treatment (ET), presence of an intracanal post, coronal condition, and dental group. Data were analyzed descriptively and through multilevel Poisson regression analysis, considering teeth characteristics (level 1) nested in individuals (level 2). In this sample of 545 participants, the prevalence of AP was 49.5% (n =2 70) and ET was 43.5% (n = 237). Considering 13,595 teeth, AP was identified in 596 (4.4%) and ET in 617 (4.5%). Of the teeth with ET, 153 (24.8%) presented AP. Among individual-level factors, the disease was not significantly associated with gender or age. For tooth-level factors, AP was significantly associated with ET quality: teeth with short fillings (< 3 mm) and teeth with over-fillings had 2.77 (CI: 1.95-3.94, p < 0.001) and 1.08 (CI: 0.39-2.98, p < 0.001) higher prevalence of AP, respectively. There was no association between AP and age, gender, dental group, coronal condition, or the presence of an intracanal post. AP was highly prevalent in this population, and multilevel analysis indicated a significant association with ET quality.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The antimicrobial potential of propolis - a honey bee product - was correlated with its traditional use as a natural medicine, mainly known for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Moreover, research on natural products in dentistry has increased in recent years in the search for products with greater therapeutic activity, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, and more affordable cost to the population. OBJECTIVE: Considering that the beneficial effect of propolis is acknowledged for several oral conditions, this study aimed to synthesize the research and technological forecasts of existing evidence on the use of propolis extract as a potential antimicrobial agent in dentistry. METHODS: Studies were identified through an investigation in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo electronic databases. Additionally, the following patent databases were screened: Google Patents, WIPO, INPI, Espacenet, and Questel Orbit. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and Questel Orbit. RESULTS: A total of 174 scientific articles and 276 patents fulfilled all the criteria and were included in the investigation. The highest number of patents (n = 144) was produced by China. Additionally, the most prevalent studies were performed on an experimental basis (72%), followed by clinical studies (n = 27) and review articles (n = 21). The effect of using propolis has been extensively observed in oral care products, periodontics, pathology, and cariology, among other dental specialties. CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the current scientific and technological scenario of the application of propolis in dentistry, with the number of patents increasing in recent years. However, all studies related to the use of propolis in dentistry have shown a potentially safe antimicrobial agent in an extensive field of application.

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