RESUMEN

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da ocitocina intravenosa no momento da ordenha nos índices reprodutivos de vacas Girolando lactantes. Para tanto, foram avaliados os históricos reprodutivos de 60 fêmeas da raça Girolando em duas lactações consecutivas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, sendo o grupo controle (GC), composto de animais que não receberam ocitocina intravenosa, e o grupo tratamento (GT) composto por animais que diariamente receberam 20 UI ocitocina, na veia mamária, no momento da ordenha, sendo esta realizada duas vezes ao dia. Foram avaliados período de serviço (PS, dias), intervalo entre partos (IEP, dias) e número de serviços por concepção (SC). Os resultados foram respectivamente para os grupos GC e GT: PS de 171,2 ± 81,1 e 186,2 ± 93,2, IDP de 446,4 ± 81,6 e 463,2 ± 92,9 e SC de 2,0 ± 0,8 e 2,3 ± 1,0. Não houve diferença estatística (P < 0,05) nos parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que aplicação de ocitocina diária não influencia no período de serviço, intervalo de partos e número de serviço por concepção em vacas da raça Girolando.

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous oxytocin at the time of milking on the reproductive rates of Girolando lactating cows. For that, the reproductive records of 60 Girolando females were evaluated during two consecutive lactations. The animals were divided into two experimental groups, the control group (CG) composed of animals did not receive intravenous oxytocin (mammary vein) at the time of milking and treatment group (TG) composed of animals that were daily injected with 20 IU of oxytocin in the mammary vein, twice a day at the time of milking. The following parameters were evaluated: calving to first service interval (days), calving interval (days) and number of services per conception. The results were respectively for the CG and TG groups: 171.2 ± 81.1 and 186.2 ± 93.2, 446.4 ± 81.6 and 463.2 ± 92.9 and 2.0 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 1.0. There was no statistical difference (P < 0.05) in the parameters evaluated. It is concluded that daily application of oxytocin does not influence the calving to first service interval (days), conception interval (days) and number of services per conception on the evaluated herd.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o efeito da ocitocina intravenosa no momento da ordenha nos índices reprodutivos de vacas Girolando lactantes. Para tanto, foram avaliados os históricos reprodutivos de 60 fêmeas da raça Girolando em duas lactações consecutivas. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, sendo o grupo controle (GC), composto de animais que não receberam ocitocina intravenosa, e o grupo tratamento (GT) composto por animais que diariamente receberam 20 UI ocitocina, na veia mamária, no momento da ordenha, sendo esta realizada duas vezes ao dia. Foram avaliados período de serviço (PS, dias), intervalo entre partos (IEP, dias) e número de serviços por concepção (SC). Os resultados foram respectivamente para os grupos GC e GT: PS de 171,2 ± 81,1 e 186,2 ± 93,2, IDP de 446,4 ± 81,6 e 463,2 ± 92,9 e SC de 2,0 ± 0,8 e 2,3 ± 1,0. Não houve diferença estatística (P < 0,05) nos parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que aplicação de ocitocina diária não influencia no período de serviço, intervalo de partos e número de serviço por concepção em vacas da raça Girolando.(AU)

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous oxytocin at the time of milking on the reproductive rates of Girolando lactating cows. For that, the reproductive records of 60 Girolando females were evaluated during two consecutive lactations. The animals were divided into two experimental groups, the control group (CG) composed of animals did not receive intravenous oxytocin (mammary vein) at the time of milking and treatment group (TG) composed of animals that were daily injected with 20 IU of oxytocin in the mammary vein, twice a day at the time of milking. The following parameters were evaluated: calving to first service interval (days), calving interval (days) and number of services per conception. The results were respectively for the CG and TG groups: 171.2 ± 81.1 and 186.2 ± 93.2, 446.4 ± 81.6 and 463.2 ± 92.9 and 2.0 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 1.0. There was no statistical difference (P < 0.05) in the parameters evaluated. It is concluded that daily application of oxytocin does not influence the calving to first service interval (days), conception interval (days) and number of services per conception on the evaluated herd.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do grau de assincronia da receptora sobre a taxa de prenhez após a transferência de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro. Foram utilizados dados da Empresa Minerembryo, localizada em Alfenas, MG, referentes a 335 novilhas mestiças receptoras, distribuídas em três grupos de acordo com o grau de assincronia: assincronia -1: o estro da receptora ocorreu um dia antes da aspiração folicular (grupo I, n=106 animais); sincronia 0: o estro da receptora ocorreu no dia da aspiração folicular (grupo II, n=119 animais) e assincronia +1: o estro da receptora ocorreu um dia após a aspiração folicular (grupo III, n=110 animais). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. As taxas de prenhez para os grupos I, II e III foram 34,90; 35,29 e 33,63, respectivamente. Não se observou efeito (P=0,98) do grau de assincronia sobre a taxa de prenhez. Portanto, pode-se concluir que é viável a utilização de receptoras com maior grau de assincronia, melhorando o aproveitamento das mesmas em programas de produção in vitro de embriões bovinos...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the degree of embryo-uterine asynchrony on the pregnancy rate of recipients after transfer of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Data from 335 crossbred recipient heifers provided by the company Minerembryo, Alfenas, MG, were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to the degree of asynchrony: asynchrony -1: estrus of the recipient occurred one day before follicular aspiration (group I, n=106); synchrony 0: estrus of the recipient occurred on the day of follicular aspiration (group II, n=119), and asynchrony +1: estrus of the recipient occurred one day after follicular aspiration (group III, n=110). The results were analyzed by the chi-squared test, adopting a level of significance of 5%. The pregnancy rates were 34.9, 35.29 and 33.63% for groups I, II and III, respectively. There was no effect (P=0.98) of the degree of asynchrony on pregnancy rate. It can thus be concluded that the use of recipients with a higher degree of asynchrony is feasible, improving the utilization of these animals in programs of in vitro production of bovine embryos...

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do grau de assincronia da receptora sobre a taxa de prenhez após a transferência de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro. Foram utilizados dados da Empresa Minerembryo, localizada em Alfenas, MG, referentes a 335 novilhas mestiças receptoras, distribuídas em três grupos de acordo com o grau de assincronia: assincronia -1: o estro da receptora ocorreu um dia antes da aspiração folicular (grupo I, n=106 animais); sincronia 0: o estro da receptora ocorreu no dia da aspiração folicular (grupo II, n=119 animais) e assincronia +1: o estro da receptora ocorreu um dia após a aspiração folicular (grupo III, n=110 animais). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. As taxas de prenhez para os grupos I, II e III foram 34,90; 35,29 e 33,63, respectivamente. Não se observou efeito (P=0,98) do grau de assincronia sobre a taxa de prenhez. Portanto, pode-se concluir que é viável a utilização de receptoras com maior grau de assincronia, melhorando o aproveitamento das mesmas em programas de produção in vitro de embriões bovinos...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the degree of embryo-uterine asynchrony on the pregnancy rate of recipients after transfer of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Data from 335 crossbred recipient heifers provided by the company Minerembryo, Alfenas, MG, were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to the degree of asynchrony: asynchrony -1: estrus of the recipient occurred one day before follicular aspiration (group I, n=106); synchrony 0: estrus of the recipient occurred on the day of follicular aspiration (group II, n=119), and asynchrony +1: estrus of the recipient occurred one day after follicular aspiration (group III, n=110). The results were analyzed by the chi-squared test, adopting a level of significance of 5%. The pregnancy rates were 34.9, 35.29 and 33.63% for groups I, II and III, respectively. There was no effect (P=0.98) of the degree of asynchrony on pregnancy rate. It can thus be concluded that the use of recipients with a higher degree of asynchrony is feasible, improving the utilization of these animals in programs of in vitro production of bovine embryos...(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da raça da doadora de oócitos e a raça do touro (Holandês versus Gir) sobre os parâmetros de produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões bovinos comparando as médias de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo e as taxas de oócitos aptos ao cultivo, de clivagem e de blastocisto. Foram coletados dados referentes a 1000 sessões de aspiração folicular (OPU), sendo 500 em doadoras da raça Holandesa e 500 da raça Gir. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes t de Student não pareado e Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. As médias e os desvios padrão de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo para as raças Holandesas e Gir foram, respectivamente, 15,1±13,0; 8,7±7,6; 15,5±11,9 e 9,1±7,9. As taxas de oócitos aptos para o cultivo foram de 57,7 e 58,5% para as raças Holandesa e Gir, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre as raças com relação aos oócitos aptos ao cultivo (P0,05). Do mesmo modo, foi observado que a raça da doadora de oócitos e do touro influenciou as taxas de clivagem e de blastocisto (PG2, G1>G3, G1>G4, G2=G3, G2>G4 e G3>G4. Do mesmo modo, os resultados foram 28,1; 33,3; 26,8 e 31,0%, respectivamente, para as taxas de blastocisto, sendo G1>G2, G1=G3, G1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the breed of the oocyte donor cow and bull (Holstein versus Gyr) on in vitro production (IVP) parameters of bovine embryos comparing the mean number of recovered oocytes and oocytes suitable for culture, the rate of suitable oocytes, and cleavage and blastocyst rates. Data from 1,000 follicular aspiration sessions (OPU), including 500 in donor cows of the Holstein breed and 500 of the Gyr breed, were collected. The results were analyzed by the unpaired Student t-test and chi-square test, adopting a level of significance of 5%. The mean number and standard deviation of recovered oocytes and oocytes suitable for culture were 15.1±13.0 and 8.7±7.6 for the Holstein breed and 15.5±11.9 and 9.1±7.9 for the Gyr breed. The rates of suitable oocytes were 57.7% and 58.5% for Holstein and Gyr breeds, respectively. A significant difference between breeds was observed for the number of oocytes suitable for culture (P0.05). Similarly, the breed of the oocyte donor cow and bull influenced cleavage and blastocyst rates (PG2, G1>G3, G1>G4, G2=G3, G2>G4, and G3>G4. The blastocyst rates were 28.1, 33.3, 26.8 and 31.0%, respectively, with G1>G2, G1=G3, G1

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da raça da doadora de oócitos e a raça do touro (Holandês versus Gir) sobre os parâmetros de produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões bovinos comparando as médias de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo e as taxas de oócitos aptos ao cultivo, de clivagem e de blastocisto. Foram coletados dados referentes a 1000 sessões de aspiração folicular (OPU), sendo 500 em doadoras da raça Holandesa e 500 da raça Gir. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes t de Student não pareado e Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. As médias e os desvios padrão de oócitos recuperados e aptos ao cultivo para as raças Holandesas e Gir foram, respectivamente, 15,1±13,0; 8,7±7,6; 15,5±11,9 e 9,1±7,9. As taxas de oócitos aptos para o cultivo foram de 57,7 e 58,5% para as raças Holandesa e Gir, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa entre as raças com relação aos oócitos aptos ao cultivo (P<0,05), não sendo observada diferença significativa em relação aos oócitos recuperados e às taxas de oócitos aptos para o cultivo (P>0,05). Do mesmo modo, foi observado que a raça da doadora de oócitos e do touro influenciou as taxas de clivagem e de blastocisto (P<0,05). Os resultados para as combinações (raça da doadora x raça do touro) Holandesa x Holandês (G1), Holandesa x Gir (G2), Gir x Holandês (G3) e Gir x Gir (G4) foram 65,7; 60,3; 59,6 e 56,5%, respectivamente, para as taxas de clivagem, sendo G1>G2, G1>G3, G1>G4, G2=G3, G2>G4 e G3>G4. Do mesmo modo, os resultados foram 28,1; 33,3; 26,8 e 31,0%, respectivamente, para as taxas de blastocisto, sendo G1>G2, G1=G3, G1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the breed of the oocyte donor cow and bull (Holstein versus Gyr) on in vitro production (IVP) parameters of bovine embryos comparing the mean number of recovered oocytes and oocytes suitable for culture, the rate of suitable oocytes, and cleavage and blastocyst rates. Data from 1,000 follicular aspiration sessions (OPU), including 500 in donor cows of the Holstein breed and 500 of the Gyr breed, were collected. The results were analyzed by the unpaired Student t-test and chi-square test, adopting a level of significance of 5%. The mean number and standard deviation of recovered oocytes and oocytes suitable for culture were 15.1±13.0 and 8.7±7.6 for the Holstein breed and 15.5±11.9 and 9.1±7.9 for the Gyr breed. The rates of suitable oocytes were 57.7% and 58.5% for Holstein and Gyr breeds, respectively. A significant difference between breeds was observed for the number of oocytes suitable for culture (P<0.05), but not for the number of recovered oocytes or rates of suitable oocytes (P>0.05). Similarly, the breed of the oocyte donor cow and bull influenced cleavage and blastocyst rates (P<0.05). The cleavage rates were 65.7, 60.3, 59.6 and 56.5% for the combinations (donor breed x bull breed) Holstein x Holstein (G1), Holstein x Gyr (G2), Gyr x Holstein (G3) and Gyr x Gyr (G4), respectively, with G1>G2, G1>G3, G1>G4, G2=G3, G2>G4, and G3>G4. The blastocyst rates were 28.1, 33.3, 26.8 and 31.0%, respectively, with G1>G2, G1=G3, G1

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O rebanho bovino brasileiro apresenta um grande número de animais com baixo escore de condiçãocorporal e com um grande período de anestro pós-parto, o que contribui notavelmente para a baixa eficiênciareprodutiva do rebanho nacional, uma vez que a condição nutricional do animal e a ciclicidade são fatores queinterferem diretamente no desempenho reprodutivo. Nesse sentido, alguns tratamentos hormonais, associadoscom eCG, têm sido utilizados em rebanhos sob essas condições, a fim de se aumentar a pulsatilidade de LH paracrescimento folicular e sincronização da ovulação. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar alguns resultados do usode eCG em protocolos para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos.

The Brazilian cattle presents a large number of animals with low body condition score and a largeperiod of postpartum anestrus, which contributes significantly to the low reproductive efficiency of the nationalherd, since the nutritional condition of the animal and the cyclicity are factors that directly affect reproductiveperformance. Thus, some hormonal treatments, associated with eCG, have been used for cattle under theseconditions, in order to increase the LH pulsatility for follicular growth and ovulation synchronization. The aimof this review is to present some results of the use of eCG in protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination incattle.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O rebanho bovino brasileiro apresenta um grande número de animais com baixo escore de condiçãocorporal e com um grande período de anestro pós-parto, o que contribui notavelmente para a baixa eficiênciareprodutiva do rebanho nacional, uma vez que a condição nutricional do animal e a ciclicidade são fatores queinterferem diretamente no desempenho reprodutivo. Nesse sentido, alguns tratamentos hormonais, associadoscom eCG, têm sido utilizados em rebanhos sob essas condições, a fim de se aumentar a pulsatilidade de LH paracrescimento folicular e sincronização da ovulação. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar alguns resultados do usode eCG em protocolos para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos.(AU)

The Brazilian cattle presents a large number of animals with low body condition score and a largeperiod of postpartum anestrus, which contributes significantly to the low reproductive efficiency of the nationalherd, since the nutritional condition of the animal and the cyclicity are factors that directly affect reproductiveperformance. Thus, some hormonal treatments, associated with eCG, have been used for cattle under theseconditions, in order to increase the LH pulsatility for follicular growth and ovulation synchronization. The aimof this review is to present some results of the use of eCG in protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination incattle.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The presence of Treponema pallidum DNA was assessed by real-time PCR in samples of blood donors with reactive serologic tests for syphilis. Treponema pallidum DNA was detected in two (1·02%) of 197 samples of VDRL>8, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ donors, and in no sample from 80 VDRL−, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ donors. Donors VDRL−, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ lack demonstrable T. pallidum DNA in their blood and are unlike to transmit syphilis. Donors VDRL>8, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ carry the risk of syphilis infectivity even in concomitance to antibodies detection. Serologic screening for syphilis may still play a role to prevent its transfusion transmission.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To identify the demographic characteristics, risk factors and motivations for donating among blood donors with reactive serologic tests for syphilis. BACKGROUND: Post-donation interviews with syphilis seropositive blood donors improve recruitment and screening strategies. METHODS: This case-control study compares 75 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) > 8, EIA+ (enzyme immunoassay) and FTA-ABS+ (fluorescent treponemal antibody); 80 VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+; and 34 VDRL- and EIA- donors between 2004 and 2009. Donors were assessed by their demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, history of alcohol and illicit drugs use, and motivations to donate. RESULTS: Donors with VDRL > 8 were more likely to be divorced [AOR = 12·53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·30-120·81], to have had more than six sexual partners (AOR=7·1; 95% CI 1·12-44·62) and to report male-male-sex in the past 12 months (AOR=8·18; 95% CI 1·78-37·60). Donors with VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+ were less likely to be female (AOR=0·26; 95% CI 0·07-0·96), more likely to be older (AOR=10·2; 95% CI 2·45-42·58 ≥ 39 and <60 years old) and to have had more than six sexual partners in the past 12 months (AOR = 8·37; 95% CI 1·49-46·91). There was no significant difference among groups regarding illicit drugs use; 30·7% (VDRL > 8) and 12·5% (VDRL-, EIA+ and FTA-ABS+) of donors reported that they had been at risk for HIV infection (P = 0·004). One-third of donors came to the blood bank to help a friend or a relative who needed blood. CONCLUSION: Although donors exposed to syphilis reported and recognised some high risk behaviour, most were motivated by direct appeal to donate blood. Monitoring the risk profile of blood donors can benefit public health and improve blood safety.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Being highly unsaturated, carotenoids are susceptible to isomerization and oxidation during the processing and storage of food. In the present study, the degradation of acyclic lycopene and dicyclic beta-carotene in low-moisture and aqueous model systems, as well as in lyophilized guava, during storage at ambient temperature, in the absence or presence of light, was investigated. Both carotenoids followed first order kinetics under the various conditions investigated. Lycopene degraded much faster than beta-carotene in all the model systems. In a comparison of lycopene isolated from guava, tomato, and watermelon, greater losses were observed with lycopene from tomato. Since the model system was identical in the 3 cases, these results indicated that other compounds from the food sources, co-extracted with lycopene, might have influenced the oxidation. Light consistently and strongly promoted degradation under all conditions studied. The susceptibility of lycopene to degradation was much less in lyophilized guava than in the model systems, showing the marked protective influence of the food matrix. Loss of beta-carotene, found at a concentration of about 18 times lower than lycopene, was only slightly lower than that of lycopene in lyophilized guava, indicating that the effect of matrix and/or the initial concentration overshadowed the structural influence.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In DNA microarray experiments, the gene fragments that are spotted on the slides are usually obtained by the synthesis of specific oligonucleotides that are able to amplify genes through PCR. Shotgun library sequences are an alternative to synthesis of primers for the study of each gene in the genome. The possibility of putting thousands of gene sequences into a single slide allows the use of shotgun clones in order to proceed with microarray analysis without a completely sequenced genome. We developed an OC Identifier tool (optimal clone identifier for genomic shotgun libraries) for the identification of unique genes in shotgun libraries based on a partially sequenced genome; this allows simultaneous use of clones in projects such as transcriptome and phylogeny studies, using comparative genomic hybridization and genome assembly. The OC Identifier tool allows comparative genome analysis, biological databases, query language in relational databases, and provides bioinformatics tools to identify clones that contain unique genes as alternatives to primer synthesis. The OC Identifier allows analysis of clones during the sequencing phase, making it possible to select genes of interest for construction of a DNA microarray.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In DNA microarray experiments, the gene fragments that are spotted on the slides are usually obtained by the synthesis of specific oligonucleotides that are able to amplify genes through PCR. Shotgun library sequences are an alternative to synthesis of primers for the study of each gene in the genome. The possibility of putting thousands of gene sequences into a single slide allows the use of shotgun clones in order to proceed with microarray analysis without a completely sequenced genome. We developed an OC Identifier tool (optimal clone identifier for genomic shotgun libraries) for the identification of unique genes in shotgun libraries based on a partially sequenced genome; this allows simultaneous use of clones in projects such as transcriptome and phylogeny studies, using comparative genomic hybridization and genome assembly. The OC Identifier tool allows comparative genome analysis, biological databases, query language in relational databases, and provides bioinformatics tools to identify clones that contain unique genes as alternatives to primer synthesis. The OC Identifier allows analysis of clones during the sequencing phase, making it possible to select genes of interest for construction of a DNA microarray.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We developed a database system for collaborative HIV analysis (DBCollHIV) in Brazil. The main purpose of our DBCollHIV project was to develop an HIV-integrated database system with analytical bioinformatics tools that would support the needs of Brazilian research groups for data storage and sequence analysis. Whenever authorized by the principal investigator, this system also allows the integration of data from different studies and/or the release of the data to the general public. The development of a database that combines sequences associated with clinical/epidemiological data is difficult without the active support of interdisciplinary investigators. A functional database that securely stores data and helps the investigator to manipulate their sequences before publication would be an attractive tool for investigators depositing their data and collaborating with other groups. DBCollHIV allows investigators to manipulate their own datasets, as well as integrating molecular and clinical HIV data, in an innovative fashion.

Asunto(s)