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BACKGROUND: Nosocomial sepsis is a major healthcare issue, but there are few data on estimates of its attributable mortality. We aimed to estimate attributable mortality fraction (AF) due to nosocomial sepsis. METHODS: Matched 1:1 case-control study in 37 hospitals in Brazil. Hospitalized patients in participating hospitals were included. Cases were hospital non-survivors and controls were hospital survivors, which were matched by admission type and date of discharge. Exposure was defined as occurrence of nosocomial sepsis, defined as antibiotic prescription plus presence of organ dysfunction attributed to sepsis without an alternative reason for organ failure; alternative definitions were explored. Main outcome measurement was nosocomial sepsis-attributable fractions, estimated using inversed-weight probabilities methods using generalized mixed model considering time-dependency of sepsis occurrence. RESULTS: 3588 patients from 37 hospitals were included. Mean age was 63 years and 48.8% were female at birth. 470 sepsis episodes occurred in 388 patients (311 in cases and 77 in control group), with pneumonia being the most common source of infection (44.3%). Average AF for sepsis mortality was 0.076 (95% CI 0.068-0.084) for medical admissions; 0.043 (95% CI 0.032-0.055) for elective surgical admissions; and 0.036 (95% CI 0.017-0.055) for emergency surgeries. In a time-dependent analysis, AF for sepsis rose linearly for medical admissions, reaching close to 0.12 on day 28; AF plateaued earlier for other admission types (0.04 for elective surgery and 0.07 for urgent surgery). Alternative sepsis definitions yield different estimates. CONCLUSION: The impact of nosocomial sepsis on outcome is more pronounced in medical admissions and tends to increase over time. The results, however, are sensitive to sepsis definitions.

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Introduction: Pharmacists and community pharmacies play an important role in managing, identifying and preventing the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Objectives: To characterize the global panorama of action by pharmacists and community pharmacies in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The scoping review was based on the search for scientific articles in the databases: PubMed; Scopus; ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The search was carried out on August 31, 2021. The selection process was divided into 3 phases: i) title analysis; ii) analysis of study abstracts; iii) analysis of the full texts of the studies selected in the previous step. Studies were independently selected by two investigators and discrepancies resolved by consensus during focus group discussions led by a third reviewer. Results: The final search yielded 36 articles for the review. The main strategies for coping with COVID-19 were grouped into 4 categories defined by consensus between the authors: (1) services for providing care to the patient; (2) product management; (3) infection prevention and control practices in community pharmacy; (4) preparation, sources of information used and training offered/received. Through these, the aim was to involve technical managerial, technical assistance and pedagogical technical actions adopted, as well as structure and process indicators that allowed the continuity of the offer of services. Conclusion: During the pandemic, pharmacists and community pharmacies have been providing essential health services to communities. The results of this review may help to identify the changes adopted to face the COVID-19 pandemic and may contribute to improving the quality of practices in these establishments during the pandemic and after it, in similar situations.

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The emergence and rapid spread outside of monkeypox virus (MPXV) to non-endemic areas has led to another global health emergency in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The scientific community has sought to rapidly develop in vitro and in vivo models that could be applied in research with MPXV. In vitro models include two-dimensional (2D) cultures of immortalized cell lines or primary cells and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. In vitro models are considered cost-effective and can be done in highly controlled conditions; however, they do not always resemble physiological conditions. In this way, several in vivo models are being characterized to meet the growing demand for new studies related to MPXV. In this review, we summarize the main MPXV models that have already been developed and discuss how they can contribute to advance the understanding of its pathogenesis, replication, and transmission, as well as identifying antivirals to treat infected patients.

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BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the Mobile Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) is a model of mobile assistance and care for emergencies standardized throughout the country. The water ambulance service within the SAMU operates in riverside and coastal areas, and faces challenges and peculiarities that increase the complexity of providing a high-quality and safe emergency care service. OBJECTIVE: To develop organizational design guidelines aiming to improve resilient performance of complex systems, with an application to riverine and coastal mobile emergency care in Brazil. METHODS: Data collection followed an ethnographic approach. Fieldwork was carried in a participatory way, based on worksite technical description, semi-structured interviews with managers and emergency care teams' professionals, and work observation whenever possible. Five regional SAMU coordinations were visited. Data coding employed content analysis and grouped data excerpts according to concepts of capacity and demand. Interfaces were identified between demand and capacity elements and adaptations led by system agents, orienting the proposal of guidelines for organizational design as solutions to face the verified gaps. RESULTS: Design guidelines produced spanned composition and training of both intervention teams and dispatch central teams, uniforms and personal protective equipment (PPE), decentralized water bases, means of communication, intervention protocols, biosafety and inter-sector actions. CONCLUSION: The approach enabled framing and assessment of specific design elements according to resilience engineering concepts, which in turn showed paths for improving the service and reconciling work-as-imagined and actual system functioning.

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As COVID-19 spread across Brazil, it quickly reached remote regions including Amazon's ultra-peripheral locations where patient transportation through rivers is added to the list of obstacles to overcome. This article analyses the pandemic's effects in the access of riverine communities to the prehospital emergency healthcare system in the Brazilian Upper Amazon River region. To do so, we present two studies that by using a Resilience Engineering approach aimed to predict the functioning of the Brazilian Mobile Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) for riverside and coastal areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the normal system functioning. Study I, carried out before the pandemic, applied ethnographic methods for data collection and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method - FRAM for data analysis in order to develop a model of the mobile emergency care in the region during typical conditions of operation. Study II then estimated how changes in variability dynamics would alter system functioning during the pandemic, arriving at three trends that could lead the service to collapse. Finally, the accuracy of predictions is discussed after the pandemic first peaked in the region. Findings reveal that relatively small changes in variability dynamics can deliver strong implications to operating care and safety of expeditions aboard water ambulances. Also, important elements that add to the resilient capabilities of the system are extra-organizational, and thus during the pandemic safety became jeopardized as informal support networks grew fragile. Using FRAM for modelling regular operation enabled prospective scenario analysis that accurately predicted disruptions in providing emergency care to riverine population.

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Abstract Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) has a considerable negative impact on quality of life, resulting in psychosocial, emotional and health impairment, high costs to the health system and limited activities of daily living. Objective: To describe the proportion of women with UI and its impact on quality of life (QOL), and investigate the factors associated with this condition among users of Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) in the municipality of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with female users of the municipal PHCUs. A questionnaire compiled by the researchers was used for data collection. Participants who reported urine leakage in any situation completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Results: A total of 201 women took part in the study, 36.32% of whom had UI and obtained a score of 7, indicating a moderate impact on their QOL. Urinary incontinence was associated with age, income, body mass index and parity. Conclusion: The proportion of women with UI corroborates the prevalence described by the International Continence Society (ICS), moderately impacting quality of life and indicating normalization of the problem. Urinary incontinence was also correlated with age, income, BMI and number of pregnancies. This demonstrates the need for health education strategies at PHCUs to prevent and treat UI in this group, as well as intersectoral activities to improve the income of the population in order to control modifiable risk factors.

Resumo Introdução: A incontinência urinária (IU) causa considerável impacto negativo na qualidade de vida, ocasionando prejuízo psicossocial, emocional e higiênico, além de alto custo para o sistema de saúde e limitações nas atividades de vida diária. Objetivo: Descrever a proporção de mulheres com IU e o seu impacto na qualidade de vida, bem como investigar os fatores associados a essa condição de saúde entre usuárias de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) do município de Governador Valadares, MG. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado entre mulheres usuárias de UAPS do município. Um questionário elaborado pelas pesquisadoras foi utilizado para coleta de dados. As participantes que relataram queixa de perda urinária em qualquer situação responderam ao International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 201 mulheres. A proporção de mulheres com incontinência urinária foi de 36,32% e entre essas o escore do ICIQ-SF teve mediana igual a 7 pontos, indicando impacto moderado na qualidade de vida. A incontinência urinária associou-se à idade, renda, índice de massa corporal e paridade. Conclusão: A proporção de mulheres com IU está de acordo com a prevalência descrita pela International Continence Society (ICS), impactando moderadamente na qualidade de vida, o que indica uma normalização do problema. Ademais, a IU esteve associada à idade, renda, IMC e número de gestações. Assim, estratégias de educação em saúde para esse grupo são necessárias, a fim de prevenir e tratar a IU nas UAPS, bem como ações intersetoriais para melhorar a renda da população, no sentido de controlar os fatores de risco que são modificáveis.

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INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to investigate the association between psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults. METHOD: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,100 adults aged 20 years or older from a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The outcome was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in three categories: better (OHIP=0: 50% of lower scores), moderate (OHIP 1-12.6: 25% of intermediate scores), and worse (OHIP≥12.7: 25% of higher scores). The exposures included measurements of social support, resilience, sense of coherence, spirituality, quality of life, and stress. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, individuals with low social support, low sense of coherence, low quality of life, and high level of stress were, respectively, 2.16, 2.90, 2.94, and 1.50 times more likely to report a worse impact of oral health on quality of life than those with favorable characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects can influence the perceived impact of oral health on quality of life. Health policies, programs, and services must recognize the mutual relationship between oral health indicators and psychosocial aspects among adults.

INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa objetivou investigar a associação entre os aspectos psicossociais e o impacto das condições bucais sobre a qualidade de vida de adultos, escopo ainda pouco explorado em pesquisas nacionais. MÉTODO: Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com 1.100 adultos de 20 anos de idade ou mais, em uma cidade de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) enquanto as exposições incluíram medidas de apoio social, resiliência, senso de coerência, espiritualidade, qualidade de vida e estresse. Foram calculadas as razões de chances brutas e ajustadas, bem como seus intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando-se regressão logística ordinal. RESULTADOS: Após o ajuste para variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, indivíduos com baixo apoio social, baixo senso de coerência, baixa qualidade de vida e alto nível de estresse possuíam respectivamente 2,16; 2,90; 2,94; 1,50 vezes mais chance de relatar um pior impacto da condição na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos com estas características favoráveis. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que os aspectos psicossociais podem influenciar a avaliação que as pessoas fazem do impacto da condição bucal sobre a qualidade de vida. É importante que políticas, programas e serviços de saúde reconheçam a relação mútua entre os indicadores de saúde bucal e os aspectos psicossociais de adultos.

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RESUMO: Introdução: A pesquisa objetivou investigar a associação entre os aspectos psicossociais e o impacto das condições bucais sobre a qualidade de vida de adultos, escopo ainda pouco explorado em pesquisas nacionais. Método: Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com 1.100 adultos de 20 anos de idade ou mais, em uma cidade de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) enquanto as exposições incluíram medidas de apoio social, resiliência, senso de coerência, espiritualidade, qualidade de vida e estresse. Foram calculadas as razões de chances brutas e ajustadas, bem como seus intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando-se regressão logística ordinal. Resultados: Após o ajuste para variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, indivíduos com baixo apoio social, baixo senso de coerência, baixa qualidade de vida e alto nível de estresse possuíam respectivamente 2,16; 2,90; 2,94; 1,50 vezes mais chance de relatar um pior impacto da condição na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos com estas características favoráveis. Conclusões: Os achados sugerem que os aspectos psicossociais podem influenciar a avaliação que as pessoas fazem do impacto da condição bucal sobre a qualidade de vida. É importante que políticas, programas e serviços de saúde reconheçam a relação mútua entre os indicadores de saúde bucal e os aspectos psicossociais de adultos.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the association between psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults. Method: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,100 adults aged 20 years or older from a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The outcome was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in three categories: better (OHIP=0: 50% of lower scores), moderate (OHIP 1-12.6: 25% of intermediate scores), and worse (OHIP≥12.7: 25% of higher scores). The exposures included measurements of social support, resilience, sense of coherence, spirituality, quality of life, and stress. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals using ordinal logistic regression. Results: After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, individuals with low social support, low sense of coherence, low quality of life, and high level of stress were, respectively, 2.16, 2.90, 2.94, and 1.50 times more likely to report a worse impact of oral health on quality of life than those with favorable characteristics. Conclusions: The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects can influence the perceived impact of oral health on quality of life. Health policies, programs, and services must recognize the mutual relationship between oral health indicators and psychosocial aspects among adults.

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Resumo: Introdução: A Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás (FM-UFG) iniciou um novo processo de mudança curricular em 2014. As disciplinas de Semiologia I e II passaram a adotar metodologias ativas de ensino para adequação às necessidades da reforma curricular. O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a percepção dos discentes do primeiro ano da FM-UFG sobre o ambiente educacional das disciplinas de Semiologia I e II. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo corte transversal, envolvendo 86 alunos. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi o questionário Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (Dreem), versão em português. Os resultados foram considerados em três níveis: questões individuais, cinco dimensões e Dreem global. Calcularam-se a média, o desvio padrão e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Obteve-se a confiabilidade interna do Dreem pelo cálculo do alfa de Cronbach, avaliou-se a distribuição dos dados da amostra pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk e realizou-se a comparação entre os percentuais da média dos escores dos domínios e do DRREM global pela ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey. Resultados: A média do Dreem global foi de 134,83/200 ± 17,42, uma percepção mais positiva que negativa. As cinco dimensões tiveram os seguintes resultados: percepção da aprendizagem (32,74 / 48 ± 5,59 / uma visão mais positiva); percepção dos docentes (32,71 / 44 ± 6,23 / na direção certa); percepção dos resultados acadêmicos (20,22 / 32 ± 4,09 / sentimento positivo); percepção do ambiente geral (31,74 / 48 ± 5,69 / atitude positiva); percepção das relações sociais (17,42 / 28 ± 3,83 / não é tão ruim). Foram encontrados alguns pontos problemáticos em relação a fatos memorizáveis, metodologia de ensino prévio e cansaço para cursarem a disciplina. A dimensão com mais áreas fortes foi a percepção dos docentes. Houve significância estatística quando os percentuais da média dos escores dos domínios e do Dreem global foram comparados. Conclusão: O ambiente educacional das disciplinas de Semiologia I e II da Faculdade de Medicina da UFG criado pelas inovações metodológicas foi avaliado positivamente pelos discentes participantes, com destaque para o domínio percepção dos docentes.

Abstract: Introduction: In 2014, the Medical School of the Federal University of Goias (FM-UFG) started its curricular changing process. The disciplines of Semiology I and II started to use active teaching methodologies to fit the curricular reform needs. The objective of this article was to evaluate the FM-UFG students' perception of the Educational Environment in the disciplines of Semiology I and II. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study encompassing 86 students. The data collection tool was the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire, in its Portuguese version. Results were considered at three levels: individual questions, five domains and global DREEM. Mean values, standard deviation and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The internal reliability of the DREEM was determined using Cronbach's alpha; the sample normality was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test; and the comparison between the mean score percentages of the domains and of the global DREEM was performed by ANOVA ,followed by Tukey's test. Results: The global DREEM mean was 134.83 / 200 ± 17.42, a more positive than negative perception. The five domains showed the following results: Students' Perception of Learning - SPL (32.74 / 48 ± 5.59 / a more positive approach); Students' Perception of Teachers - SPT (32.71 / 44 ± 6.23 / going in the right direction); Students' Academic Self-Perception - SASP: (20.22 / 32 ± 4.09 / feeling more on the positive side); Students' Perception of the Atmosphere - SPA (31.74 / 48 ± 5.69 / a more positive attitude); Students' Social Self-Perception - SSSP: (17.42 / 28 ± 3.83 / not too bad). Some issues were found in relation to: memorizable facts; previous teaching methodology; and, fatigue to attend the discipline. The SPT was the domain with the largest number of strong areas. Statistical significance was found when comparing the mean score percentages of the domains and the global DREEM. Conclusion: Students positively evaluated the educational environment in the subjects Semiology I and II created by the new active teaching methodologies adopted by the institution, with the SPT domain being highlighted.

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Pesquisa convergente-assistencial que objetivou descrever os cuidados de enfermagem prestados pelo enfermeiro para prevenção de lesão de pele por adesivo em feridas cirúrgicas e analisar a adequação desses cuidados ao Consenso Internacional de Avaliação, Prevenção de Tratamento de Lesão por Adesivo. Participaram do estudo 10 enfermeiros que atuavam em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e outubro de 2014, por meio de entrevistas individuais, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temático. As informações coletadas sobre os cuidados implementados pelos participantes na escolha, aplicação e remoção de adesivos médicos foram problematizados e ficou clara a aproximação das falas com as recomendações do documento. Os cuidados descritos relacionam-se à aplicação, remoção e seleção dos insumos, configurando-se como cuidados preventivos para lesão por adesivos em feridas cirúrgicas com impacto na qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. [AU]

Convergent Care Research aimed to describe the nursing care offered by nurses in the prevention of adhesive-related skin injury in surgical wounds and analyze the applicability of this care based on the International Consensus Statements for the Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries. Ten nurses who worked in the scene between July and October 2014, period in which the data collection occurred, participated in this research. The interviews were realized individually. Thematic content analysis was applied. The information collected about the care implemented by participants in the selection, application and removal of medical adhesives was problematized, showing a clear relation between the reports of participants and the recommendations of the Consensus. The described care is related to the application, removal and selection of inputs, and it is characterized as preventive care for adhesive-related skin injury in surgical wounds with impact on the quality of nursing care. [AU]

Investigación convergente-asistencial que tuvo el objetivo de describir los cuidados de enfermería prestados por el enfermero para la prevención de lesión de piel por adhesivo en heridas quirúrgicas y analizar la adecuación de estos cuidados al Consenso Internacional de Evaluación, Prevención de Tratamiento de Lesión por Adhesivo. Participaron del estudio 10 enfermeros que actuaban en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátrica. Los datos fueron recolectados entre julio y octubre de 2014, mediante entrevistas individuales y sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Las informaciones recolectadas sobre los cuidados implementados por los participantes en la elección, aplicación y remoción de adhesivos médicos fueron problematizados y quedó clara la aproximación de los relatos con las recomendaciones del documento. Los cuidados descriptos se relacionan a la aplicación, remoción y selección de los insumos, y se configuran como cuidados preventivos para lesión por adhesivos en heridas quirúrgicas con impacto en la calidad de la asistencia de enfermería. [AU]

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There has been a rise in the incidence of STIs/AIDS in the young Brazilian population; therefore, college students are a major focus for change of risky sexual behaviors. Objective: To analyze knowledge, sexual behavior, and risk perception of students in different years of the medical and law programs at the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC-GO), Brazil, with regard to STIs/AIDS. Methods: Administration of anonymous questionnaires to students in their first, third, and last years of the medical and law programs at PUC-GO, using probability-proportional-to-size sampling and with margin of error set at 5%. Results: Medical students answered 201 questionnaires and law students 441 questionnaires. The comparison of both programs revealed that 40.3% of law students and 19.6% of medical students believe that HIV is transmitted through kissing and that 39.9% of law students and 29.3% of medical students believe that this virus is also transmitted through utensils. Consistent condom use was reported by 21.2% of medical students and 30.1% of law students. Medical students have greater risk perception of sexual behavior, and 83.8% claim they have been exposed to STIs; furthermore, 72.6% of law students believe they are at risk. Conclusion: There was an increase in medical students' knowledge about STIs/AIDS throughout the program. Nevertheless, medical students adopt riskier sexual behavior, which is caused by the lower frequency of condom use. Medical students have, however, increased risk perception regarding sexual behavior.

Vem ocorrendo um aumento da incidência de DST/AIDS na população jovem brasileira, assim, os universitários são um importante foco para mudança de comportamento sexual de risco. Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento, o comportamento e a percepção sexual de risco acerca das DST/AIDS dos estudantes de diversos anos dos cursos de Medicina e Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC-GO). Métodos: Aplicação de questionário anônimo a alunos do primeiro, terceiro e último anos dos cursos de Medicina e Direito da PUC-GO, considerando amostra probabilística proporcional e com margem de erro de 5%. Resultados: Foram respondidos 201 questionários pelos estudantes de Medicina e 441 pelos de Direito. Quando comparados os dois cursos, 40,3% dos estudantes de Direto e 19,6% da Medicina consideram que o HIV é transmitido pelo beijo e 39,9% do Direito e 29,3% da Medicina acreditam que esse vírus também seja transmitido por utensílios. O uso consistente do preservativo foi referido por 21,2% dos alunos de Medicina e 30,1% dos de Direito. Os estudantes de Medicina possuem maior percepção sexual de risco, com 83,8% considerando estarem sujeitos às DST; no Direito, 72,6% dos estudantes se consideram sob esse risco. Conclusão: Houve aumento do conhecimento acerca das DST/AIDS pelos acadêmicos de Medicina ao longo do curso. Apesar disso, os acadêmicos de Medicina adotam maior comportamento sexual de risco no que diz respeito à menor frequência de uso do preservativo. Os acadêmicos de Medicina apresentam, entretanto, maior percepção sexual de risco.

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Estimar a prevalência de anemia correlacionando com o estado nutricional de crianças menores de 36 meses. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo e analítico, realizado com 374 crianças com idade inferior a 36 meses, de creches municipais de Vitória, ES. Foi realizada antropometria e coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb), ferro sérico (FeS) e ferritina sérica (FS). Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia nos préescolares foi de 10,9% (n=19). Níveis inadequados de ferritina estiveram presentes em 7,5% (n=13) das crianças e de ferro sérico em 27,6% (n=48). O estado nutricional da criança não mostrou associação estatisticamente significante com a anemia. Conclusão: A prevalência de anemia na população estudada caracteriza um problema leve de saúde pública, não sendo observada associação do estado nutricional a essa deficiência...

To estimate the prevalence of anemia associated with nutritional status in children under 36 months of age. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in 2007 comprising 374 children under 36 months of age enrolled at a municipal day care center. Anthropometric assessment and blood sample collection were performed, being measured Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SFe) and serum ferritin (SF). For statistical analysis, chi-square and Fisher?s exact test were used. Results: The prevalence of anemia among preschool children was of 10.9% (n=19). Inadequate levels of serum ferritin and serum iron were present in 7.5% (n=13) and 27.6% (n=48) of the children, respectively. The children?s nutritional status showed no statistically significant association with anemia. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in the studied population features a mild public health problem, without association with the nutritional status...

Estimar la prevalencia de anemia y correlacionar con el estado nutricional de niños menores de 36 meses. Métodos: Estudio observacional, trasversal, retrospectivo y analítico realizado con 374 niños abajo de 36 meses, de guarderías municipales de Vitória, ES. Se realizó antropometría y fueron recogidas muestras de sangre para la dosificación de hemoglobina (Hb), hierro sérico (HS) y ferritina sérica (FS). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el exacto de Fisher. Resultados: La prevalência de anemia en los pre-escolares fue del 10,9% (n=19). Niveles inadecuados de ferritina estuvieron presentes en el 7,5% (n=13) de los niños y de hierro sérico en el 27,6% (n=48). El estado nutricional del niño no mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con La anemia. Conclusión: La prevalencia de anemia en la población estudiada se caracteriza um problema leve de salud pública, no siendo observada la asociación del estado nutricional y esa deficiencia...

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Eagle's syndrome is characterized by cervicopharyngeal signs and symptoms associated with elongation of the styloid apophysis. This elongation may occur through ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or through growth of the apophysis due to osteogenesis triggered by a factor such as trauma. Elongation of the styloid apophysis may give rise to intense facial pain, headache, dysphagia, otalgia, buzzing sensations, and trismus. Precise diagnosis of the syndrome is difficult, and it is generally confounded by other manifestations of cervicopharyngeal pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Eagle's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old man reported lateral pain in his neck that had been present for 30 years. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone, which was compatible with Eagle's syndrome. Surgery was performed for bilateral resection of the stylohyoid ligament by using a transoral and endoscopic access route. The patient continued to present pain laterally in the neck, predominantly on his left side. CT was performed again, which showed elongation of the styloid processes. The patient then underwent lateral cervicotomy with resection of the stylohyoid process, which partially resolved his painful condition. FINAL COMMENTS: Patients with Eagle's syndrome generally have a history of chronic pain. Appropriate knowledge of this disease is necessary for adequate treatment to be provided. The importance of diagnosing this uncommon and often unsuspected disease should be emphasized, given that correct clinical-surgical treatment is frequently delayed. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is clinical and radiographic, and the definitive treatment in cases of difficult-to-control pain is surgical...

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Os métodos de indução do parto podem ser divididos em estímulos naturais, estímulos exógenos diretos ou mecânicos e estímulos exógenos indiretos ou farmacológicos, cada qual apresenta suas particularidades nas indicações e contraindicações. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura consultando Medline/Pubmed e a Biblioteca Cochrane para avaliar a eficácia e segurança na utilização dos principais métodos de indução do trabalho de parto. Apurou-se não haver método ideal de indução do trabalho de parto. Os estímulos naturais e os métodos alternativos carecem de maiores estudos para incentivo de seu uso rotineiro. As prostaglandinas, em destaque o misoprostol, está indicada no Índice de Bishop desfavorável e a ocitocina em condições cervicais favoráveis. Os avanços no campo da biologia molecular tem corroborado que o método ideal deve atuar em sincronismo com a contratilidade uterina e a maturação cervical.(AU)

Methods of labor induction can be classified as natural stimuli, direct exogenous stimuli or mechanical and indirect exogenous stimuli or pharmacological. Which one has its peculiarities in relation to indications and contraindications. The objective of this article was to assess the efficacy and safety of the main methods of induction of labor trough the analysis of the medical literature in Medline/Pubmed and the Cochrane Library to. No ideal method of inducing labor was found. Further studies are required to encourage natural stimuli and alternative methods more often. According to Bishop scores, prostaglandins, (especially misoprostol) are unfavorable and oxytocin in case of favorable cervical environment. Advances in the field of molecular biology have confirmed that the ideal method should work simultaneously with uterine contraction and cervical ripening.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Eagle's syndrome is characterized by cervicopharyngeal signs and symptoms associated with elongation of the styloid apophysis. This elongation may occur through ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, or through growth of the apophysis due to osteogenesis triggered by a factor such as trauma. Elongation of the styloid apophysis may give rise to intense facial pain, headache, dysphagia, otalgia, buzzing sensations, and trismus. Precise diagnosis of the syndrome is difficult, and it is generally confounded by other manifestations of cervicopharyngeal pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Eagle's syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old man reported lateral pain in his neck that had been present for 30 years. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck showed elongation and ossification of the styloid processes of the temporal bone, which was compatible with Eagle's syndrome. Surgery was performed for bilateral resection of the stylohyoid ligament by using a transoral and endoscopic access route. The patient continued to present pain laterally in the neck, predominantly on his left side. CT was performed again, which showed elongation of the styloid processes. The patient then underwent lateral cervicotomy with resection of the stylohyoid process, which partially resolved his painful condition. Final Comments: Patients with Eagle's syndrome generally have a history of chronic pain. Appropriate knowledge of this disease is necessary for adequate treatment to be provided. The importance of diagnosing this uncommon and often unsuspected disease should be emphasized, given that correct clinical-surgical treatment is frequently delayed. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is clinical and radiographic, and the definitive treatment in cases of difficult-to-control pain is surgical.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate, in healthy women in the second trimester of pregnancy, a possible association between sexual function and quality of life, and between sexual function and sexual satisfaction. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 51 pregnant women managed at a low-risk antenatal care clinic. Sexual function was evaluated through the Sexual Quotient - Female Version (QS-F) questionnaire. Quality of life and sexual satisfaction were evaluated though the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Inclusion criteria were pregnancy between 15-26 weeks, maternal age 20 or more years, at least five years of schooling, in a relationship with a single partner for the last 6 months, having sexual intercourse with vaginal penetration in the last 15 days. We excluded women with a history of sexual violence, previous or current depression, habitual abortion or obstetric complications in the index pregnancy (premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor or hemorrhage). The χ² and Fisher exact tests were used for statistical analyses and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Most of the participants (64.8%) obtained "regular to excellent" grades on the QS-F and 58.8% classified their quality of life as "good". As to sexual satisfaction, 35.3 and 15.7% declared that they were "satisfied" and "very satisfied" with their sexual life, respectively. The study detected significant associations between "bad to poor" QS-F grades with a "poor" quality of life (p=0.002), and with "regular to good" and "good to excellent" QS-F grades with "satisfaction" or "high" sexual satisfaction" (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function is associated with quality of life and with sexual satisfaction in healthy women in the second trimester of pregnancy.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar em gestantes saudáveis no segundo trimestre a associação entre função sexual e qualidade de vida, e função sexual e satisfação sexual. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 51 gestantes em acompanhamento em ambulatório de pré-natal de baixo risco. A função sexual foi aferida por meio do Quociente Sexual - Versão Feminina (QS-F). A qualidade de vida e a satisfação sexual foram avaliadas pelo Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref). Os critérios de inclusão foram idade gestacional entre a 15ª e a 26ª semana, idade materna igual ou superior a 20 anos, mínimo de 5 anos de educação escolar, ter parceiro fixo há pelo menos 6 meses, ter tido relação sexual com penetração vaginal nos últimos 15 dias. Foram excluídas mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, com história pregressa ou atual de depressão, antecedente de aborto habitual ou complicações na gestação atual (amniorrexe prematura, trabalho de parto prematuro ou hemorragia). Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes do χ² e exato de Fisher e p<0,05 foi considerado significante. A análise estatística foi realizada com o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTADOS: A maioria das gestantes (64,8%) obteve o QS-F de "regular a excelente" e 58,8% classificaram sua qualidade de vida como "boa". Assinalaram que estavam satisfeitas com a vida sexual 35,3% das gestantes, e 15,7% estavam muito satisfeitas. O estudo mostrou que existe associação entre QS-F "nulo a ruim" com qualidade de vida "ruim" (p=0,002) e que QS-F "regular a bom" e "bom a excelente" estão associados com "satisfação" e "muita satisfação" sexual (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A função sexual está associada à qualidade de vida e à satisfação sexual em gestantes saudáveis, no segundo trimestre da gestação.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in healthy women in the second trimester of pregnancy, a possible association between sexual function and quality of life, and between sexual function and sexual satisfaction. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 51 pregnant women managed at a low-risk antenatal care clinic. Sexual function was evaluated through the Sexual Quotient - Female Version (QS-F) questionnaire. Quality of life and sexual satisfaction were evaluated though the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). Inclusion criteria were pregnancy between 15-26 weeks, maternal age 20 or more years, at least five years of scholling, in a relationship with a single partner for the last 6 months, having sexual intercourse with vaginal penetration in the last 15 days. We excluded women with a history of sexual violence, previous or current depression, habitual abortion or obstetric complications in the index pregnancy (premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor or hemorrhage). The χ² and Fisher exact tests were used for statistical analyses and p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Most of the participants (64.8%) obtained "regular to excellent" grades on the QS-F and 58.8% classified their quality of life as "good". As to sexual satisfaction, 35.3 and 15.7% declared that they were "satisfied" and "very satisfied" with their sexual life, respectively. The study detected significant associations between "bad to poor" QS-F grades with a "poor" quality of life (p=0.002), and with "regular to good" and "good to excellent" QS-F grades with "satisfaction" or "high" sexual satisfaction" (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function is associated with quality of life and with sexual satisfaction in healthy women in the second trimester of pregnancy.

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The interaction of a series of dodecaborate cluster compounds B(12)X(12)(2-) and B(12)X(11)Y(2-) (X=H, Cl, Br, I and Y=SH, OH, NR(3)) with hydrophilic column materials (Superdex 200, Sepharose 4B, Sephadex G-50, Sephadex G-100, alumina, silica gel and anion exchange material) was studied. Almost all the dodecaborate cluster compounds were retained strongly on Superdex 200. The halogenated cluster compounds interacted with Sepharose 4B, Sephadex G-50, Sephadex G-100 and alumina; on alumina, also the non-halogenated clusters were retained. Silica gel showed the least interaction with all compounds. The thermodynamic parameters were investigated for a selection of compounds on Superdex 200 and Sephadex G-100. Values for ΔH° were found to be negative on both gels. As the change in entropy ΔS° was also negative, it compensated ΔH° to a large extent. The clusters interacted also strongly with anion exchange material in ion chromatography; the interaction decreased with increasing acetonitrile concentration, implying a large contribution from solvent effects.

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A prematuridade é um dos maiores problemas da obstetrícia contemporânea. Possui etiologia multifatorial e sua incidência se mantém elevada em todo o mundo apesar das propostas terapêuticas e assistenciais. A escolha da melhor via de parto para o nascituro pré-termo é um dos aspectos fundamentais para a obtenção de melhores resultados neonatais. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a escolha da melhor via de parto para o feto prematuro em apresentação cefálica. Artigos observacionais e de revisão sistemática mostraram-se polêmicos, suferindo a necessidade de novos estudos com metodologia prospectiva. Concluímos que a cesariana não deve ser recomendada como estratégia benéfica rotineira para esses fetos com vistas a diminuir morbidade e mortalidade neonatais na ausência de outras indicações obstétricas para a realização do parto por via alta.

Prematuriry is one of the biggest problems of the contemporary obstetrics. It has multifactor etiology and its incidence remains high incidence all over the world despite proposals of assistance and therapeutics. Choosing the best mode of delivery for the premature infant is a fundamental aspect to reach the best neonatal results. The objective of this review was to evaluate the choice of the best mode of delivery for the preterm vertex fetuses. Observational articles and systematic reviews proved to be con troversial, suggesting the need for further studies using prospective methodology. We have come to the conclusion that cesarean section should not be recommended as routine beneficial strategy for these fetuses, aiming at reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality, in the absence of other obstetric indications for this mode of delivery.

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