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Plasma-Synthesized Polypyrrole (PSPy) has been reported as a biomaterial suitable for cell growth in vitro and in vivo. An experimental duplicate was carried out that showed the growth of cardiomyocytes with PSPy, following a protocol previously reported by the working group. The cardiomyocytes cultured with the biomaterial retained their native morphological characteristics, a fundamental key to improving cardiac cell therapy procedures. Such observations motivated us to investigate the molecular characteristics of the biomaterial and the type of interactions that could be occurring (mainly electrostatic, hydrogen bonds, and non-polar). Additionally, PSPy has been studied to establish the probable mechanisms of action of the biomaterial, in particular, its action on a group of cell membrane proteins, integrins, which we know participate in the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix, in adhesion between cells and as bidirectional signal transducer mechanisms. In this work, we carried out studies of the interactions established between cardiac integrins α2ß1 and α5ß1 with different PSPy models by molecular docking studies and binding free energies (ΔGb) calculations. The models based on a previously reported PSPy molecule have three variable terminal chemical groups, with the purpose of exploring the differences in the type of interaction that will be established by modifying the position of an amino (-NH2), a hydroxyl (-OH), and a nitrile (C≡N) in (fixed) groups, as well as the length of the terminal chains (a long/short -NH2). A model with short chains for the -OH and -NH2 (lateral) group was the model with the best interactions with cardiac integrins. We experimentally verified the direct interaction of cardiomyocytes with the PSPy biomaterial observed in rat primary cultures, allowing us to validate the favorable interactions predicted by the computational analysis.

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Although mechanisms of telomere protection are well-defined in differentiated cells, it is poorly understood how stem cells sense and respond to telomere dysfunction. In particular, the broader impact of telomeric double-strand breaks (DSBs) in these cells is poorly characterized. Here, we report on DNA damage signaling, cell cycle, and transcriptome-level changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in response to telomere-internal DSBs. We engineered human iPSCs with an inducible TRF1-FokI fusion protein to acutely induce DSBs at telomeres. Using this model, we demonstrate that TRF1-FokI DSBs activate an ATR-dependent DDR, which leads to p53-independent cell cycle arrest in G2. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to cripple the catalytic domain of telomerase, we show that telomerase is largely dispensable for survival and lengthening of TRF1-FokI-cleaved telomeres, which instead are effectively repaired by robust homologous recombination (HR). In contrast to HR-based telomere maintenance in mouse embryonic stem cells, we find neither evidence that HR causes extension of telomeres beyond their initial lengths, nor an apparent role for ZSCAN4 in this process. Rather, HR-based repair of telomeric breaks is sufficient to maintain iPSC telomeres at a normal length which is compatible with sustained survival of the cells over several days of TRF1-FokI induction. Our findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for HR in telomere maintenance in telomerase-positive iPSCs and reveal distinct iPSC-specific responses to targeted telomeric damage.

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Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon phenomenon, which can be caused by different etiologies, constituting a real diagnostic challenge which can lead to devastating consequences. General anesthesia in beach chair positioning with intraoperative hypotension in order to avoid surgical bleeding are associated with hypoperfusion and potential neurological ischemia-related complications. We present a case of spinal cord ischemia in the context of shoulder surgery in a beach chair position.

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Abstract Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon phenomenon, which can be caused by different etiologies, constituting a real diagnostic challenge which can lead to devastating consequences. General anesthesia in beach chair positioning with intraoperative hypotension in order to avoid surgical bleeding are associated with hypoperfusion and potential neurological ischemia-related complications. We present a case of spinal cord ischemia in the context of shoulder surgery in a beach chair position.

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Resumen El botulismo del lactante (BL), es la forma más frecuente del botulismo humano en la actualidad, es una enfermedad "rara" o "huérfana" ya que afecta a menos del 0,05 % de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la Incidencia del BL en la Argentina, evaluar el diagnóstico y tratamiento realizado, comparar la evolución y las secuelas al alta en pacientes con y sin tratamiento específico y, considerar las características climáticas (precipitaciones y vientos) y los estudios de muestras de suelos de las provincias con mayor cantidad de casos de BL. Presentamos un estudio multicéntrico, de cohorte (longitudinal) observacional, retrospectivo analizando las historias clínicas de los pacientes con BL, que ingresaron a Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos con asistencia respiratoria mecánica, desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se consideró: edad, sexo, días previos al ingreso hasta diagnóstico por laboratorio, total internación en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos con asistencia respiratoria mecánica, alimentación por sonda nasogástrica, tratamiento y secuelas. En Argentina entre 2010 al 2013 se registraron 216 casos de BL. En este trabajo se analizaron 79 pacientes provenientes de 11 provincias, que ingresaron a Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. La edad promedio de los pacientes ingresados fue de 4 meses, de los cuales 90% recibía alimentación materna. Dieciocho pacientes de seis provincias recibieron antitoxina botulínica equina. El promedio de días de enfermedad previos al ingreso fue de 2 días en los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con antitoxina botulínica equina y 4 días en los pacientes no tratados. Diagnóstico de laboratorio (Toxina A y Clostridium botulinum) a los 5 días en los tratados con antitoxina botulínica equina, y a los 11,5 en los no tratados. En los pacientes tratados con antitoxina botulínica equina, el promedio de días de internación fue de 30 versus 70 días en los no tratados (p=0,0001). El promedio días en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de los pacientes tratados fue de 20 versus 54 días en los no tratados (p=0,0001). Los días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica en los tratados fue de 16 versus 43 días en los no tratados (p=0,0001) y los tratados requirieron 29 días de alimentación por sonda nasogástrica versus 70 días en los no tratados (p=0,0001). El 40% de los pacientes tratados presentaron neumonía asociada a respirador versus el 56% de los no tratados (p=0,0038), sepsis el 11% versus el 34% (p=0,005) y secuelas al alta 6% versus 64% (p=0,0001), respectivamente. En zonas con mayor número de casos, se observó una alta frecuencia de esporas en los suelos, asociado a clima seco y ventoso. Los resultados sugieren que el tratamiento precoz con antitoxina botulínica equina es una alternativa hasta disponer de inmuno-globulina botulínica humana. Los climas secos y ventosos favorecen la enfermedad.

Abstract Infant botulism (BL), the most common form of human botulism today, is a "rare" or "orphan" disease as it affects less than 0.05% of the population. The objective of this work is to determine the incidence of BL in Argentina. Evaluate the diagnosis and treatment performed. To compare evolution and sequelae at discharge in patients with and without specific treatment. Consider the climatic characteristics (precipitations and winds) and the studies of soil samples from the provinces with the highest number of BL cases. We present a retrospective, observational, multicenter, cohort (longitudinal) study analyzing the medical records of patients with BL, who were admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units with mechanical ventilation, from January 1,2010 to December 31,2013. The following were considered: age, sex, days prior to admission, until laboratory diagnosis, Pediatric Intensive Care Units, me-chanical respiratory assistance, average hospital days, nasogastric tube feeding, treatment and sequelae. In the country, 216 cases of BL were registered between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed 79 who were admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units from 11 provinces. Average age 4 months. Maternal nutrition 90%. Eighteen patients (6 provinces) received equine botulinum antitoxin .Mean days of illness prior to admission: 2 in those treated with equine botulinum antitoxin and 4 in those not treated. Laboratory diagnosis (Toxin A and Clostridium botulinum) at 5 days in treated with equine botulinum antitoxin, at 11.5 in untreated. Patients with equine botulinum antitoxin average hospital days 30 vs 70 in untreated patients (p=0.0001). Mean Pediatric Intensive Care Unit days 20 vs 54 (p=0.0001) of mechanical respiratory assistance 16 vs 43 (p=0.0001) and nasogastric tube feeding 29 vs 70 (p=0.0001). Those treated presented ventilator-associated pneumonia 40% vs 56% (p=0.0038) and sepsis 11% vs 34% (p=0.005). Sequelae at discharge 6% vs 64% (p=0.0001) in those not treated. In areas with a higher number of cases, high frequency of spores in soils, dry and windy weather. The results suggest that early treatment with equine botulinum antitoxin is an alternative until human botulinum immunoglobulin is available. The dry and windy climates favor the disease.

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Introduction: implementing an asset model in large urban territories is a great challenge. The objective was to develop and evaluate community asset (CA) mapping strategies in a large city. Methods: mixed technique, in phases. At first, community resources (CR) were collected through interviews with key informants, search of information sources and field surveys with university students and community volunteers in some pilot neighborhoods. In the second phase, a mass communication campaign was carried out to disseminate the collaborative virtual map. Assets were validated according to eligibility criteria. Campaign evaluation was carried out through indicators of visualization, interaction and participation. In a third phase, community work in the field was reinforced in different neighborhoods. Results: 1144 CR and CA were identified, all of them validated, classified and grouped into five categories. A month after launching the communication campaign "#MeHaceBienMiBarrio," it had been broadcast in the main media in the country. In just two weeks, 120,383 people had been reached with the news on Facebook, and 9,213 had interacted. By then, the map had more than 23,000 views and 87 new community assets were received. The participation rate fell as diffusion decreased. Discussion: The first stage was positive in terms of dissemination and interaction with the map. Field work is essential to sustain and enhance results.

Introducción: Implementar un modelo de activos en amplios territorios urbanos es un gran desafío. El objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar estrategias de mapeo de recursos y activos en una gran ciudad. Métodos: técnica mixta, en fases. En la primera, se relevaron recursos con entrevistas a informantes clave, búsqueda en fuentes de información y relevamiento en terreno con alumnos universitarios y voluntarios de la comunidad en algunos barrios piloto. En la segunda fase se realizó una campaña de comunicación masiva para difundir el mapa virtual colaborativo. Se validaron los activos según criterios de elegibilidad. La evaluación de la campaña se realizó mediante indicadores de visualización, interacción y participación. En una tercera fase se reforzará el trabajo comunitario en terreno en distintos barrios. Resultados: se identificaron 1144 recursos y activos, todos ellos validados, clasificados y agrupados en cinco categorías. Al mes de iniciada la campaña de comunicación "#MeHaceBienMiBarrio", se había difundido en los principales medios de comunicación del país. En sólo dos semanas, 120.383 personas habían sido alcanzadas con la noticia en Facebook, y 9.213 habían interactuado. Para entonces, el mapa tenía más de 23.000 visitas y se recibieron 87 nuevos activos de la comunidad. La tasa de participación bajó al bajar la difusión. Discusión: la primera etapa fue positiva en difusión e interacción con el mapa. Es fundamental el trabajo en terreno para sostener y potenciar los resultados.

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Se reporta el caso de un paciente pediátrico con quemaduras de segundo grado profundo en muslo derecho, con superficie corporal quemada del 8% por agua caliente, que recibió terapia celular como estrategia terapeútica alternativa. Tras procedimiento terapeútico con injertos de piel, se evidenció remanente una úlcera secundaria a quemadura (7 x 4 cm); por lo que, se procedió a valoración para terapia con células madres mesenquimales autólogas procedentes de médula ósea. Se realizó 8 sesiones de sembrado de células madre. La respuesta y evolución fueron favorables, la regeneración de tejidos se dio desde la profundidad hacia la superficie y desde el lateral a medial de la úlcera. Se evidenció revascularización y posterior epitelización de la zona afectada, sin secuelas de cicatrización.

Case report of a pediatric patient with deep second degree burn wounds on the right thigh, body surface area burnt 8% due to boiling water, who received cell therapy as an alternative therapeutic strategy. After a therapeutic procedure with skin grafts, a remaining burn wound (7 x 4 cm) was evidenced; consequently, an assessment for therapy using autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow was made. It was performed 8 sessions of somatic stem cells seeding. Results were favorable, tissue regeneration occurred from the depth to the surface, and from the lateral to medial side of the burn wound. Revascularization and subsequent epithelialization in the affected area were evidenced, without scarring repercussion.

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The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profiles of violence against children, victims, and their aggressors, and their correlations between socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective observational study based on a review of Individual Notification Forms from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, including child victims of violence, under 18 years, assisted by a pediatric emergency service in Brazil, from 2016-2020. Data were stratified, then statistical analysis was performed using the two-proportion equality test and the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 609 notifications were analyzed and a prevalence of sexual violence (63.2%) was reported. The prevalent profile of victim was female (76.7%), aged between 2-9 years (38.1%) and 14-18 years (35.6%). The violence occurs in the victim's home (58.9%). The prevalent profile of perpetrator was male (82.4%), young adolescent (59.2%), living as family (64%), mainly the parents (18.4%). No correlation was found between the classified socioeconomic and demographic variables and violence. There was an increase in notifications during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to the same period in the previous year; self-harm was reported in 59.7% of physical violence in 2020. Prevalence of sexual violence was higher for females, aged between 2-9 and 14-18 years, victimized in their homes, by male offenders, living as family, mainly by their parents. No association was found between child violence and the socioeconomic and demographic.

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Botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia are diverse in the types of toxins they produce as well as in their overall genomic composition. They are globally distributed, with prevalent species and toxin types found within distinct geographic regions, but related strains containing the same toxin types may also be located on distinct continents. The mechanisms behind the spread of these bacteria and the independent movements of their bont genes may be understood through examination of their genetic backgrounds. The generation of 15 complete genomic sequences from bacteria isolated in Argentina, Australia, and Africa allows for a thorough examination of genome features, including overall relationships, bont gene cluster locations and arrangements, and plasmid comparisons, in bacteria isolated from various areas in the southern hemisphere. Insights gained from these examinations provide an understanding of the mechanisms behind the independent movements of these elements among distinct species.

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Protein-engineered biomaterials represent a powerful approach to increase biofunctional activity like tissue repair and celular proliferation. Among these materials, integrins and the development of their specific interactions with plasma-polymerized pyrrole (PPPy) are promising biomaterial for tissue regeneration. In this paper, we studied the molecular recognition in the active site of three integrins (α5ß1, αvß3 and αIIbß3) with PPPy using the structure proposed by Kumar et al. PPPy molecule has three sites to incorporate different species, we worked mainly with the functional groups, -NH2 and -OH groups according to our IR spectroscopic results. We carried out docking studies to find the better conformational couplings and to determine electrostatic (ΔGelec) and non-electrostatic (ΔGnon-elec) contributions to the binding free energy (ΔGb) of these complexes we used Adaptive Poisson-Bolztmann program (APBS). Our results indicated that when incorporating -1H-azirine, -NH2 or -OH group in PPPy structure, interactions with integrins were favorable, as indicated by correspondent ΔGb values. These interactions were mainly triggered by Coulomb interactions, an important term in the electrostatic component. Furthermore, our studies suggest that some residues of integrins α5ß1, αvß3 and αIIbß3 like aspartates are important for the binding to PPPy structures. Detailed interactions between integrin α5ß1 and PPPy structures were revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. We used this particular integrin structure because of its favorable ΔGb as well as its major cellular receptor for the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Clustering analysis allowed us to carry out focused docking studies and to determine the time evolution of the ΔGb values. By incorporating -NH2 into PPPy structure, ΔGb values were very favorable during the course of the dynamics simulations by the establishment of hydrogen bonds with Asn224 and/orAsp227 residues, which are part of the integrin α5ß1 pocket. However, for the integrin α5ß1-PPPy-1H-azirine complex and the rest of the functional groups, the ΔGb values were less favorable, although PPPy was found at a distance of less than 5 Å from the active site residues. This work is complementary to the previous studies made employing PPPy nanoparticles for a variety of tissue engineering applications, and were done to enlighten the role played by the amino group of the PPPy in its integrin recognition process.

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Analizar el papel del centro universitario en la articulación con la universidad médica en la búsqueda de entornos saludables y su contribución al desarrollo local en el municipio Yaguajay, constituye el propósito fundamental del presente trabajo, para el que se realizó una revisión documental de numerosos documentos y entrevistas a los principales líderes y a la población. El fomento de prácticas y estilos de vida sanos, la integración y capacitación de actores sociales, el desarrollo de la ciencia, la innovación tecnológica y del potencial científico productivo, junto a la sostenibilidad ambiental, fueron algunos de los resultados evidenciados. Se constató que la universidad en el territorio trabajó por incentivar una cultura saludable, por unificar esfuerzos, coordinar acciones, involucrar sectores, consolidar alianzas interinstitucionales dentro y fuera de la esfera sanitaria, con lo que se demostró la fortaleza de la promoción de salud dentro de los procesos de desarrollo local(AU)

To analyze the role of the university center in the coordination with the medical university in the search of healthy environments and its contribution to the local development in the municipality Yaguajay, constitutes the fundamental intention of the present work, for which a documentary review of numerous documents was carried out and interviews to the principal leaders and the population. The promotion of practices and healthy life styles, the integration and training of social actors, the development of the science, the technological innovation and of the productive scientific potential, along with the environmental sustainability, were some of the demonstrated results. It was stated that the university at the territory was employed for encouraging a healthy culture, for unifying efforts, coordinating actions, involving sectors, consolidating inter-institutional alliances inside and out of the sanitary sphere, with what there was demonstrated the fortitude of the promotion of health inside the processes of local development(AU)

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RESUMEN Analizar el papel del centro universitario en la articulación con la universidad médica en la búsqueda de entornos saludables y su contribución al desarrollo local en el municipio Yaguajay, constituye el propósito fundamental del presente trabajo, para el que se realizó una revisión documental de numerosos documentos y entrevistas a los principales líderes y a la población. El fomento de prácticas y estilos de vida sanos, la integración y capacitación de actores sociales, el desarrollo de la ciencia, la innovación tecnológica y del potencial científico productivo, junto a la sostenibilidad ambiental, fueron algunos de los resultados evidenciados. Se constató que la universidad en el territorio trabajó por incentivar una cultura saludable, por unificar esfuerzos, coordinar acciones, involucrar sectores, consolidar alianzas interinstitucionales dentro y fuera de la esfera sanitaria, con lo que se demostró la fortaleza de la promoción de salud dentro de los procesos de desarrollo local.

ABSTRACT To analyze the role of the university center in the coordination with the medical university in the search of healthy environments and its contribution to the local development in the municipality Yaguajay, constitutes the fundamental intention of the present work, for which a documentary review of numerous documents was carried out and interviews to the principal leaders and the population. The promotion of practices and healthy life styles, the integration and training of social actors, the development of the science, the technological innovation and of the productive scientific potential, along with the environmental sustainability, were some of the demonstrated results. It was stated that the university at the territory was employed for encouraging a healthy culture, for unifying efforts, coordinating actions, involving sectors, consolidating inter-institutional alliances inside and out of the sanitary sphere, with what there was demonstrated the fortitude of the promotion of health inside the processes of local development.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the genotoxicity and hemocompatibility of a novel calcium aluminate-based cement, EndoBinder (EB) (Binderware, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) and compare it with Angelus White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) (AWMTA) (Angelus, Soluções Odontológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil). METHODS: For evaluation of genotoxicity, a comet assay was performed with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that had been grown for 24 h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium incubated with each of the cements for 24 h at 37°C. DNA percentage in head and Olive tail moment were analyzed. For assessment of hemocompatibility, erythrocyte lysis quantification, and concentration of plasma fibrinogen were determined in human blood samples placed in contact with each of the materials. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test and Student t-test were used for data analysis of genotoxicity and hemocompatibility, respectively. RESULTS: Results showed that the genotoxic effects of EB and AWMTA were comparable to that of the negative control, with no statistically significant differences between AWMTA and negative control (P>0.05). Compared to AWMTA, EB showed greater hemolytic potential when placed in direct contact with erythrocytes (P<0.05). Fibrinogen values were low for both materials, with protein concentration being greater in samples exposed to EB than to AWMTA. CONCLUSION: Both materials presented a higher hemolytic behaviour compared to what is established by international standards. Fibrinogen formation was low for both materials, and DNA damage induction was not observed in a comet assay.

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El hematoma espontáneo de pared abdominal es una patología infrecuente según la literatura. Sin embargo, en los últimos años esta tendencia ha cambiado debido al aumento del número creciente de indicaciones para anticoagulación, así como a la aparición de nuevos tratamientos anticoagulantes y al incremento en el número de pacientes que las precisan. Presentamos un paciente varón, de 80 años portador de marcapasos por fibrilación auricular bloqueada y prótesis mitral mecánica anticoagulado con acenocumarol, que presenta un cuadro de dolor abdominal agudo secundario hematoma espontáneo de la pared abdominal. Se trató de forma conservadora, mediante reversión de la anticoagulación y administración de analgesia con evolución favorable. Con este caso clínico ilustramos un tipo de patología que debemos tener presente, como parte del diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal agudo en el paciente anticoagulado. La mayoría de los pacientes respondieron positivamente con tratamiento conservador(AU)

The abdominal wall spontaneous hematoma is an uncommon condition, according to the literature. In recent years, however, this tendency is changing due to the increased number of indications for anticoagulation, and the emerging of new anticoagulant treatment, and the increase in the number of patients who need it. Male patient, 80, carrier of a pacemaker for blocked atrial fibrillation and mechanical mitral prosthesis, anticoagulated with acenocoumarol, who presents acute abdominal pain secondary to spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall. He was treated conservatively, reversing anticoagulation and administering analgesia, with favorable evolution finally. This clinical case shows a type of pathology to keep in mind, as part of the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in the anticoagulated patient, who, in most cases, respond to conservative treatment(AU)

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El hematoma espontáneo de pared abdominal es una patología infrecuente según la literatura. Sin embargo, en los últimos años esta tendencia ha cambiado debido al aumento del número creciente de indicaciones para anticoagulación, así como a la aparición de nuevos tratamientos anticoagulantes y al incremento en el número de pacientes que las precisan. Presentamos un paciente varón, de 80 años portador de marcapasos por fibrilación auricular bloqueada y prótesis mitral mecánica anticoagulado con acenocumarol, que presenta un cuadro de dolor abdominal agudo secundario hematoma espontáneo de la pared abdominal. Se trató de forma conservadora, mediante reversión de la anticoagulación y administración de analgesia con evolución favorable. Con este caso clínico ilustramos un tipo de patología que debemos tener presente, como parte del diagnóstico diferencial del dolor abdominal agudo en el paciente anticoagulado. La mayoría de los pacientes respondieron positivamente con tratamiento conservador(AU)

The abdominal wall spontaneous hematoma is an uncommon condition, according to the literature. In recent years, however, this tendency is changing due to the increased number of indications for anticoagulation, and the emerging of new anticoagulant treatment, and the increase in the number of patients who need it. Male patient, 80, carrier of a pacemaker for blocked atrial fibrillation and mechanical mitral prosthesis, anticoagulated with acenocoumarol, who presents acute abdominal pain secondary to spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall. He was treated conservatively, reversing anticoagulation and administering analgesia, with favorable evolution finally. This clinical case shows a type of pathology to keep in mind, as part of the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in the anticoagulated patient, who, in most cases, respond to conservative treatment(AU)

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Se efectuó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Departamento de Cortés, en Honduras, durante el período de 2003 a 2013, con vistas a determinar las características del dengue en esta región, describir su historicidad y desarrollar un modelo matemático de pronóstico basado en variables bioclimáticas. En la serie el sexo no constituyó un factor predisponente, mientras que los grupos etarios de 5-9 y de 20-49 años, el ser habitante en Choloma, Villanueva y Puerto Cortés, resultaron elementos importantes en la aparición del dengue. Asimismo las formas graves de la enfermedad en niños y jóvenes indicaron una baja memoria inmunológica y/o varias exposiciones a serotipos del virus. Se obtuvo un patrón definido, cíclico-epidémico (de 4 a 5 años) y estacional, pues correspondía al período lluvioso de la región. Finalmente, se concluyó que las condiciones climáticas de Cortés están condicionando la transmisión del dengue, de manera que puede ser posible la predicción de los acontecimientos epidémicos(AU)

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Cortés Department, Honduras, during the period of 2003 at 2013, aimed at determining the characteristics of dengue in this region, describing its history and developing a prognosis mathematical model based on bioclimatic variables. In the series, sex didn't constitute a predisposing factor, while the age groups 5-9 and 20-49 years, being inhabitant in Choloma, Villanueva and Puerto Cortés were important elements in the emergence of dengue. Also the severe forms of the disease in children and young persons indicated a low immunologic memory and/or several exposures to serotypes of the virus. A defined, seasonal recurrent-epidemic pattern was obtained (of 4 to 5 years), because it corresponded to the rainy period of the region. Finally, it was concluded that the climate conditions of Cortés are conditioning the transmission of dengue, so that the prognosis of the epidemic events can be possible(AU(

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Se efectuó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Departamento de Cortés, en Honduras, durante el período de 2003 a 2013, con vistas a determinar las características del dengue en esta región, describir su historicidad y desarrollar un modelo matemático de pronóstico basado en variables bioclimáticas. En la serie el sexo no constituyó un factor predisponente, mientras que los grupos etarios de 5-9 y de 20-49 años, el ser habitante en Choloma, Villanueva y Puerto Cortés, resultaron elementos importantes en la aparición del dengue. Asimismo las formas graves de la enfermedad en niños y jóvenes indicaron una baja memoria inmunológica y/o varias exposiciones a serotipos del virus. Se obtuvo un patrón definido, cíclico-epidémico (de 4 a 5 años) y estacional, pues correspondía al período lluvioso de la región. Finalmente, se concluyó que las condiciones climáticas de Cortés están condicionando la transmisión del dengue, de manera que puede ser posible la predicción de los acontecimientos epidémicos

An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in Cortés Department, Honduras, during the period of 2003 at 2013, aimed at determining the characteristics of dengue in this region, describing its history and developing a prognosis mathematical model based on bioclimatic variables. In the series, sex didn't constitute a predisposing factor, while the age groups 5-9 and 20-49 years, being inhabitant in Choloma, Villanueva and Puerto Cortés were important elements in the emergence of dengue. Also the severe forms of the disease in children and young persons indicated a low immunologic memory and/or several exposures to serotypes of the virus. A defined, seasonal recurrent-epidemic pattern was obtained (of 4 to 5 years), because it corresponded to the rainy period of the region. Finally, it was concluded that the climate conditions of Cortés are conditioning the transmission of dengue, so that the prognosis of the epidemic events can be possible

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El incremento en los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana, ha planteado a la comunidad científica la necesidad en la búsqueda de principios activos para producir nuevos antibióticos, donde el Aloe vera se proyecta como una fuente de obtención de los mismos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento de dos tipos de extractos; uno de gel fresco procesado con DMSO, y otro obtenido del mesofilo por un proceso de extracción con etanol que luego fue filtrado, concentrado y liofilizado. Ambos extractos fueron evaluados con la prueba de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana por difusión en disco contra Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus mutans. El extracto etanólico del mesófilo liofilizado se ensayó en concentraciones de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 y 2,5 mg/ mL, con cada una de las bacterias de referencia, evidenciándose ausencia de inhibición sobre el crecimiento bacteriano en todas las concentraciones. El extracto Gel-DMSO se ensayó con las cepas H. pylori, E. coli y S. aureus; obteniendo halos de inhibición de 14, 8,5 y 8,5 mm respectivamente. La evidencia científica de la actividad antibacteriana de esta planta suele ser contradictoria, donde el procesamiento del extracto, es un factor importante en esta variabilidad. Según nuestros resultados se puede concluir que H. pylori, fue la bacteria más sensible al extracto Gel-DMSO en comparación con E. coli y S. aureus; asimismo, para futuras investigaciones, se debería desestimar el uso de extractos liofilizados diluidos y considerar otros procesos de extracción.

The increase of bacterial resistance mechanisms has created special interest in the scientific community to search for active principles for the production of new antibiotics, and the Aloe Vera plant has been considered as a potential source to obtain them. The objective of this research was to evaluate the behavior of two types of Aloe Vera extracts, one fresh gel processed with DMSO and other obtained by the mesophyll by ethanol extraction process that was filtered, concentrated and lyophilized. Both extracts were evaluated with antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion against Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. The ethanolic extract of lyophilized mesophyll was tested in concentrations of 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 mg / ml, with each of the reference bacteria, showing no inhibition on bacterial growth in all concentrations tested. Gel-DMSO extract was tested with strains H. pylori, E. coli and S. aureus, obtaining inhibition halos of 14, 8.5 and 8.5 mm respectively. Scientific evidence of the antibacterial activity of this plant can be contradictory, and the processing of the extract is a determining factor in such variability. According to our results, we conclude that H. pylori was the bacteria most sensitive to Gel- DMSO extract compared with E. coli and S. aureus bacteria; also, we advise against the use of diluted and lyophilised extracts is in future research; rather, other alternative extraction process should be considered.