RESUMEN

The search of sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to obtain compounds for different industrial sectors has grown exponentially. Following the principles of biorefinery and circular bioeconomy, processes in which the use of natural resources such as macroalgae biomass is prioritized are required. This review focuses on a description of the relevance, application and engineering platforms of hydrothermal systems and the operational conditions depending on the target as an innovative technology and bio-based solution for macroalgae fractionation in order to recover profitable products for industries and investors. In this sense, hydrothermal treatments represent a promising alternative for obtaining different high value-added compounds from this biomass; since, the different variations in terms of operating conditions, gives great versatility to this technology compared to other types of processing, allowing it to be adapted depending on the objective, whether it is working under sub/super critical conditions, thus expanding its field of application.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract The announcement by the WHO of the characterization of the new Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic, entails an adaptation by the community pharmacy in carrying out its care activity in general, with particular emphasis on "Minor Ailments Service" in particular. The measures taken by the different health administrations in which patient telephone care by primary care offices is prioritized have left more consultations on symptoms in the community pharmacist health-related problems as pharmacies are the closest health facilities to the patient. The similarity between the symptomatology caused by the new Coronavirus with that of some Enteroviruses that cause mild respiratory and gastrointestinal tables (dry cough, fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.) makes community pharmacies highly capable places for contagion detection and prevention. A model of protocolized intervention is needed to facilitate the pharmacist's work in discriminating during the indication between minor symptoms and symptoms of referral for possible cases of COVID-19 so that in conjunction with the rest of the staff we help control the disease and make better use of primary care consultations.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar las relaciones entre las características de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y el diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes escolarizados de Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 172 adolescentes (edad promedio = 13,5 ± 1,0). Se tomaron mediciones individuales de peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal y dividirlos en dos grupos: clínico (sobrepesos/obesos) y control (peso normal). Además, se les aplicó un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos adaptado para el presente estudio. Resultados El 41,9% de los adolescentes presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad mórbida. La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los hábitos alimentarios fueron adecuados en ambos grupos, mientras que la actividad física y estilo de vida fueron poco adecuados en el grupo control y adecuado en el grupo clínico. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas bajas entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida; mientras que no se pudo comprobar la relación entre la personalidad, el diagnóstico nutricional y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Conclusión Los resultados evidenciaron un importante aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad respecto a estudios locales previos como la vinculación entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the relationships between the characteristics of the persona-lity, eating habits and the nutritional diagnosis of school-age adolescents of Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. Material and Method A quantitative, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 172 adolescents (average age = 13,57 ± 1,074). Individual measurements of weight and height were taken to calculate the body mass index and divided into two groups: clinical (overweight / obese) and control (normal weight). Moreover, a personality questionnaire was applied to them, and a food consumption frequency questionnaire adapted for the present study. Results 41.9% of adolescents were overweight, obese and morbidly obese. The frequency of food consumption and eating habits are adequate in both groups, while phy-sical activity and lifestyle was little adequate in the control group and adequate in the clinical group. Significant associations were found between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle, while the relationship between personality and nutritional diagnosis and the frequency of food consumption could not be verified. Conclusion The results showed an increase in overweight/obesity compared to previous local studies and the correlation between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationships between the characteristics of the persona-lity, eating habits and the nutritional diagnosis of school-age adolescents of Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 172 adolescents (average age = 13,57 ± 1,074). Individual measurements of weight and height were taken to calculate the body mass index and divided into two groups: clinical (overweight / obese) and control (normal weight). Moreover, a personality questionnaire was applied to them, and a food consumption frequency questionnaire adapted for the present study. RESULTS: 41.9% of adolescents were overweight, obese and morbidly obese. The frequency of food consumption and eating habits are adequate in both groups, while phy-sical activity and lifestyle was little adequate in the control group and adequate in the clinical group. Significant associations were found between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle, while the relationship between personality and nutritional diagnosis and the frequency of food consumption could not be verified. CONCLUSION: The results showed an increase in overweight/obesity compared to previous local studies and the correlation between personality traits, eating habits and physical activity-lifestyle.

OBJETIVO: Identificar las relaciones entre las características de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y el diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes escolarizados de Monteros, Tucumán, Argentina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 172 adolescentes (edad promedio = 13,5 ± 1,0). Se tomaron mediciones individuales de peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal y dividirlos en dos grupos: clínico (sobrepesos/obesos) y control (peso normal). Además, se les aplicó un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos adaptado para el presente estudio. RESULTADOS: El 41,9% de los adolescentes presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad mórbida. La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y los hábitos alimentarios fueron adecuados en ambos grupos, mientras que la actividad física y estilo de vida fueron poco adecuados en el grupo control y adecuado en el grupo clínico. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas bajas entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida; mientras que no se pudo comprobar la relación entre la personalidad, el diagnóstico nutricional y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados evidenciaron un importante aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad respecto a estudios locales previos como la vinculación entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física y estilo de vida.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente el subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también -aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.

Abstract Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.

RESUMEN

Se realizó un estudio de picaduras de aracnomrofos en la ciudad de Sucre (Chuquisaca). El método comprendió el uso de encuestas semiestructuradas, donde se consultó sobre la percepción que tienen, sintomatologías y conocimiento local sobre métodos de curación. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la mayoría tiene fobia hacia los arácnidos. El conocimiento local, permite conocer los diferentes tipos de arañas y escorpiones que residen en los domicilios. Se describe los síntomas que causan debido al efecto de las picadas, además de los métodos convencionales y naturales de curación.

We study of pitting Arachnomorph´s was held in the city of Sucre (Chuquisaca). The method realized using semistructured interviews, which were consulted on the perception, symptom and local knowledge of healing methods. The results show that most have phobia of arachnids. Local knowledge, allows to know the different types of spiders and scorpions that live in the homes. They are causing symptoms due to the effect of bites and of natural and using the conventional and natural healing methods.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

House sparrows (Passer domesticus) have been proposed as a key ecological indicator of urban pollution. Remarkably, we lack knowledge about the physiological effects of lead on this bird species. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pb on several physiological parameters in house sparrows exposed to environmental Pb concentrations. In a first experiment, birds were exposed to Pb sub-lethal doses (from 1.3 to 14.0 µg of Pb/g animal/day) during 5 days, which resulted in a dose response increase of blood Pb levels and decrease of blood ALAD activity. However, at the higher doses tested (> 7 µg of Pb/g animal/day) the blood ALAD activity inhibition (~82%) remained constant. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly reduced only at the highest-doses, and the stress indicator, heterophils to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, did not show apparent changes. In a second experiment, house sparrows were exposed to Pb in drinking water (12.3 ppm) during either 15 or 30 days. Pb concentration used in this study was enough to produce blood lead levels equivalents to those found recently in house sparrows inhabiting urban areas, reduced blood ALAD activity and inversion of the H/L ratio. Decreasing blood ALAD activities were correlated with increasing blood Pb levels. In addition, Pb exposure produced modification in the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, increased GST activity and decreased CAT activity, without lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, our results suggest that blood ALAD activity is a reliable and sensitive biomarker for environmental Pb exposure in house sparrows, additionally chronic exposure produce physiological stress (H/L inversion) and small changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, this specie could be considered a bioindicator for monitoring the urban Pb contamination.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública en aumento en los últimos años y afecta tanto a nivel orgánico como psicológico. Entre los factores desencadenantes se reconoce el cambio de hábitos alimentarios y la reducción de la actividad física. La adolescencia no solo es una etapa de promoción y consolidación de los hábitos alimentarios, sino también de la personalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las relaciones entre las características de personalidad, los hábitos alimentarios y el diagnóstico nutricional de adolescentes escolarizados de Monteros-Tucumán. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, comparativo transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Se hicieron mediciones antropométricas a 173 adolescentes de 12-16 años, para calcular el Índice de masa corporal, se les aplico un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. El 41,9% de los adolescentes presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad mórbida. La frecuencia de consumo de alimentos fue adecuada en un 61,1%, hábitos alimentarios adecuados en un 48,6% y actividad física-estilo de vida adecuado en un 50% respecto a sus pares normopeso. Al analizar los rasgos de personalidad no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los adolescentes con peso normal y los sobrepeso/obesidad. Sin embargo se pudo comprobar que existe asociación estadística significativa entre los rasgos de personalidad, los hábitos saludables y la actividad física-Estilo de vida, no así en la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Los resultados evidenciaron un importante aumento de sobrepeso/obesidad respecto a estudios locales previos y la correlación entre los rasgos de personalidad y los hábitos saludables. No se encontró un perfil de personalidad propio del sujeto obeso, por lo que resulta indispensable continuar investigando los factores asociados a esta patología

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)