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This study evaluated the effects of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeate) flour supplementation on the in vivo basal antioxidant system of Drosophila melanogaster, and its action on the neural modulation observed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The flies will receive a standard diet with flour incorporated at 5, 10 and 20% for 7 days. There was no change in food consumption, body weight, protein thiol levels and negative geotaxis behavior. The flies showed a reduction in the basal production of reactive species at concentrations of 10 and 20%, while there was a reduction in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity at all concentrations, accompanied by an increase in the levels of non-protein thiols. Superoxide dismutase activity was reduced in the 5 and 20% groups, while the reduction of superoxide anion in the 10% group may have contributed to the increase in longevity also in the 10% group. Longevity increased in groups 5 and 10%. The open field test may be related to the reduction in AChE activity in the 5, 10 and 20% groups. In general, the data show that supplementation with ora-pro-nobis flour at the concentrations tested did not cause toxicity and modulated the cholinergic system, demonstrating a therapeutic potential.
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Antioxidantes , Suplementos Dietéticos , Drosophila melanogaster , Longevidad , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , FemeninoRESUMEN
p-Coumaric acid is a significant phenolic compound known for its potent antioxidant activity. Thus, this study investigated the effects of p-coumaric acid on the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced in Drosophila melanogaster by exposure to rotenone in a Parkinson disease (PD)-like model. The flies were divided into four groups and maintained for seven days on different diets: a standard diet (control), a diet containing rotenone (500 µM), a control diet to which p-coumaric acid was added on the fourth day (0.3 µM), and a diet initially containing rotenone (500 µM) with p-coumaric acid added on the fourth day (0.3 µM). Exposure to p-coumaric acid ameliorated locomotor impairment and reduced mortality induced by rotenone. Moreover, p-coumaric acid normalized oxidative stress markers (ROS, TBARS, SOD, CAT, GST, and NPSH), mitigated oxidative damage, and reflected in the recovery of dopamine levels, AChE activity, and cellular viability post-rotenone exposure. Additionally, p-coumaric acid restored the immunoreactivity of Parkin and Nrf2. The results affirm that p-coumaric acid effectively mitigates PD-like model-induced damage, underscoring its antioxidant potency and potential neuroprotective effect.
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Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are characterized by persistent changes in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and stereotyped patterns of behavior. The complex etiology of these disorders possibly combines the effects of multiple genes and environmental factors. Hence, exposure to insecticides such as imidacloprid (IMI) has been used to replicate the changes observed in these disorders. Lutein is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is associated with neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of lutein-loaded nanoparticles, along with their mechanisms of action, on Drosophila melanogaster offspring exposed to IMI-induced damage. To simulate the neurodevelopmental disorder model, flies were exposed to a diet containing IMI for 7 days. Posteriorly, their offspring were exposed to a diet containing lutein-loaded nanoparticles for a period of 24 h, and male and female flies were subjected to behavioral and biochemical evaluations. Treatment with lutein-loaded nanoparticles reversed the parameters of hyperactivity, aggressiveness, social interaction, repetitive movements, and anxiety in the offspring of flies exposed to IMI. It also protected markers of oxidative stress and cell viability, in addition to preventing the reduction of Nrf2 and Shank3 immunoreactivity. These results demonstrate that the damage induced by exposure to IMI was restored through treatment with lutein-loaded nanoparticles, elucidating lutein's mechanisms of action as a therapeutic agent, which, after further studies, can become a co-adjuvant in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD and ADHD.
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Conducta Animal , Drosophila melanogaster , Luteína , Nanopartículas , Nitrocompuestos , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Luteína/farmacología , Luteína/administración & dosificación , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Femenino , Nitrocompuestos/toxicidad , Neonicotinoides/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/prevención & control , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
Nanotechnology involves the utilization of nanomaterials, including polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) that are drug carriers. For modify drug release and stability, nanoformulations can feature different types of polymers as surface coatings: Polysorbate 80 (P80), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), Chitosan (CS) and Eudragit (EUD). Although nanoencapsulation aims to reduce side effects, these polymers can interact with living organisms, inducing events in the antioxidant system. Thus far, little has been described about the impacts of chronic exposure, with Drosophila melanogaster being an in vivo model for characterizing the toxicology of these polymers. This study analyzes the effects of chronic exposure to polymeric NCs with different coatings. Flies were exposed to 10, 50, 100, and 500 µL of NCP80, NCPEG, NCCS, or EUD. The survival rate, locomotor changes, oxidative stress markers, cell viability, and Nrf2 expression were evaluated. Between the coatings, NCPEG had minimal effects, as only 500 µL affected the levels of reactive species (RS) and the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) without reducing Nrf2 expression. However, NCEUD significantly impacted the total flies killed, RS, CAT, and Superoxide dismutase from 100 µL. In part, the toxicity mechanisms of these coatings can be explained by the imbalance of the antioxidant system. This research provided initial evidence on the chronic toxicology of these nanomaterials in D. melanogaster to clarify the nanosafety profile of these polymers in future nanoformulations. Further investigations are essential to characterize possible biochemical pathways involved in the toxicity of these polymeric coatings.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Nanocápsulas , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Nanocápsulas/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Polímeros/toxicidad , Polímeros/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are being widely used by the industry with the claim of "safer substances", even with the scarcity of toxicological studies. Given the etiological gap of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environment may be a causal factor, so we investigated whether exposure to BPF and BPS during the developmental period can induce ASD-like modeling in adult flies. Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed during development (embryonic and larval period) to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM of BPF and BPS, separately inserted into the food. When they transformed into pupae were transferred to a standard diet, ensuring that the flies (adult stage) did not have contact with bisphenols. Thus, after hatching, consolidated behavioral tests were carried out for studies with ASD-type models in flies. It was observed that 1 mM BPF and BPS caused hyperactivity (evidenced by open-field test, negative geotaxis, increased aggressiveness and reproduction of repetitive behaviors). The flies belonging to the 1 mM groups of BPF and BPS also showed reduced cognitive capacity, elucidated by the learning behavior through aversive stimulus. Within the population dynamics that flies exposed to 1 mM BPF and 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed a change in social interaction, remaining more distant from each other. Exposure to 1 mM BPF, 0.5 and 1 mM BPS increased brain size and reduced Shank immunoreactivity of adult flies. These findings complement each other and show that exposure to BPF and BPS during the development period can elucidate a model with endophenotypes similar to ASD in adult flies. Furthermore, when analyzing comparatively, BPS demonstrated a greater potential for damage when compared to BPF. Therefore, in general these data sets contradict the idea that these substances can be used freely.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Drosophila melanogaster , Endofenotipos , Fenoles , Sulfonas , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/toxicidad , Sulfonas/toxicidad , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Femenino , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicological action of AH Plus (AHP), Bio-C Sealer (BCS), and EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESB), using Drosophila melanogaster as the model organism performing in vivo and ex vivo analysis. D. melanogaster were exposed for 10 days to three concentrations (5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml) of AHP, BCS, and ESB sealers mixed with 10 ml of standard diet. During this period, the mortality of flies was evaluated. On the 11th day, the locomotor activity test was performed and the flies were euthanized for oxidative damage analysis (reactive species and lipid peroxidation) and cell viability (resazurin reduction). For the mortality curves evaluation, the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) was used. For the analysis of other data, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Regarding mortality, there were no significant differences. The locomotor activity was reduced, mainly in the two highest concentrations of AHP and BCS. Besides, reactive species generation was bigger in the AHP 20 mg/ml group. AHP induced a lipid peroxidation increase in all three concentrations tested, when compared to other sealers. Considering cell viability, the two highest concentrations of AHP reduced this parameter; while in other sealers, viability was reduced only in the highest concentration. AHP showed changes in oxidative markers that led to greater damage to the flies.
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Supervivencia Celular , Drosophila melanogaster , Peroxidación de Lípido , Estrés Oxidativo , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/toxicidad , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Resinas Epoxi/toxicidad , Ensayo de MaterialesRESUMEN
Evidence has shown that consuming trans fatty acids (TFA) during development leads to their incorporation into the nervous tissue, resulting in neurological changes in flies. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was exposed to different concentrations of hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) during development: substitute hydrogenated vegetable fat (SHVF), HVF 10 %, and HVF 20 %. The objective was to evaluate the effects of early trans fat exposure on cognition and associated pathways in flies. The results showed that early TFA exposure provoked a cerebral redox imbalance, as confirmed by increased reactive species (HVF 10 and 20 %) and lipid peroxidation (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %), reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 immunoreactivity (HVF 10 and 20 %), and increased heat shock protein 70 (HVF 20 %), which was possibly responsible for decreasing superoxide dismutase (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %) and catalase (HVF 20 %) activities. Furthermore, the presence of TFA in nervous tissue impaired learning (HVF 10 and 20 %) and memory at 6 and 24 h (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %). These cognitive impairments may be linked to reduced Shank levels (HVF 20 %) and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (SHVF, HVF 10 and 20 %) observed. Our findings demonstrate that early exposure to trans fat leads to cerebral redox imbalance, altering proteins associated with stress, synaptic plasticity, and the cholinergic system, consequently leading to cognitive impairment in flies.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Ácidos Grasos trans , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster , Ácidos Grasos trans/toxicidad , Acetilcolinesterasa , Estrés Oxidativo , Disfunción Cognitiva/inducido químicamente , Plasticidad NeuronalRESUMEN
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is known for its antioxidant properties, although little is known about its developmental safety effects, particularly on adult neural function under basal redox and oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, this study sought to address this gap by conducting three complementary protocols using Drosophila melanogaster to investigate these effects. The initial assays revealed that second-stage larvae consumed diets supplemented with various concentrations of camu-camu uniformly, establishing a 50% lethal concentration at 4.799 mg/mL. Hence, non-lethal (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) and sub-lethal (5 and 10 mg/mL) concentrations were then chosen to evaluate the effects of camu-camu on preimaginal development and adult neural function. Our observations showed that camu-camu impacts the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reactive species, and lipoperoxidation. Notably, sub-lethal concentrations decreased preimaginal viability and locomotor activity, negatively influenced geotaxis and acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased reactive species, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activity in flies. Additionally, the protective effects of camu-camu against oxidative stress induced by iron (20 mM) were assessed. Flies supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL of camu-camu during the larval period showed improved neural viability and function, and this supplementation was found to protect against oxidative stress. These findings are instrumental in evaluating the safety and efficacy of commercial supplements based on camu-camu, offering significant insights for future research and application.
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The behavior and neuronal ganglia integrity of Drosophila melanogaster larvae exposed to Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) was evaluated. Larvae exposed to BPF and BPS (0.5 and 1 mM) showed hyperactivity, reduced decision-making capacity and were not responsive to touch (no sensitivity to physical stimuli). There was also a reduction in the tunneling capacity induced by 1 mM of BPF and BPS (innate behaviors for survival). Behaviors resulting from changes in neuronal functioning, thermotaxis and phototaxis showed that BPS was more harmful compared to BPF. Furthermore, the concentration of 1 mM BPS generated greater damage to neuronal ganglia when compared to BPF. This difference may be related to the LC50 of the 10.04 mM BPS and 15.07 mM BPF. However, these behavioral changes presented by the larvae here are characteristic of those presented in neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings are novel and refute the possibility that BPF and BPS are safer alternatives.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Fenoles , Animales , Larva , Fenoles/farmacología , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidadRESUMEN
ß-carotene-loaded nanoparticles improves absorption by increasing bioavailability. The Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson's disease must be helpful in investigating potential neuroprotective effects. Four groups of four-day-old flies were exposed to: (1) control; (2) diet containing rotenone (500 µM); (3) ß-carotene-loaded nanoparticles (20 µM); (4) ß-carotene-loaded nanoparticles and rotenone for 7 days. Then, the percentage of survival, geotaxis tests, open field, aversive phototaxis and food consumption were evaluated. At the end of the behaviors, the analyses of the levels of reactive species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was carried out, as well as an evaluation of the levels of dopamine and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, in the head of flies. Nanoparticles loaded with ß-carotene were able to improve motor function, memory, survival and also restored the oxidative stress indicators (CAT, SOD, ROS and TBARS), dopamine levels, AChE activity after exposure to rotenone. Overall, nanoparticles loaded with ß-carotene showed significant neuroprotective effect against damage induced by the Parkinson-like disease model, emerging as a possible treatment. Overall, ß-carotene-loaded nanoparticles presented significant neuroprotective effect against damage induced by model of Parkinson-like disease, emerging as a possible treatment.
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Nanopartículas , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Animales , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/prevención & control , Drosophila melanogaster , beta Caroteno/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dopamina , Rotenona , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are safe alternatives substances? Here Drosophila melanogaster were exposed during development (larval stage) to BPF and BPS (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM). Upon reaching the last larval stage (3rd stage), markers of oxidative stress and metabolism of both substances were evaluated, along with investigation of mitochondrial and cell viability. This study is attributed to an unprecedented fact: BPF and BPS exposed larvae, both at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM, showed higher cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) activity. The GST activity increased in all BPF and BPS concentrations, and reactive species, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity increased in larvae (BPF and BPS; 0.5, and 1 mM); nonetheless, mitochondrial and cell viability decreased with 1 mM of BPF and BPS. In addition, the reduced number of pupae formed in the 1 mM BPF and BPS groups and melanotic mass formation may be attributed to oxidative stress. From the pupae formed, the hatching rate reduced in the 0.5 and 1 mM BPF and BPS groups. Thus, the possible presence of toxic metabolites may be related to the larval oxidative stress condition, which is detrimental to the complete development of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Fenoles/toxicidad , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidadRESUMEN
Female and male Drosophila melanogaster were exposed separately for seven days to Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F (BPF), and Bisphenol S (BPS) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM. We observed that males exposed to 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed lower catalase (CAT) activity and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive species (RS); CAT activity decreased for BPF 0.5 and 1 mM. Nevertheless, BPA 0.5 and 1 mM decreased CAT activity, increased RS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced mitochondrial viability. None of the bisphenols altered the cell viability of male flies, although BPA 0.5 and 1 mM reduced longevity. In female flies, BPA and BPS 0.5 and 1 mM increased RS and LPO levels and decreased CAT activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which may have contributed to lower mitochondrial and cell viability. Furthermore, BPS decreased SOD activity at the 1 mM concentration, and BPA reduced the SOD activity at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM. In the BPF 1 mM group, there was a reduction in GST activity and an increase in RS and LPO levels. The toxicological effects were different between sexes, and BPA was more harmful than BPF and BPS in male flies. Thus, our findings showed that females were more susceptible to oxidative cell damage when exposed to BPA and BPS than to BPF, and daily exposure to BPA and BPS at all concentrations reduced female longevity, as well as in BPF 1 mM.
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Drosophila melanogaster , Longevidad , Animales , Antioxidantes , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión Transferasa , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Fenoles , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Highly sensitive and selective nanostructured lactate and glucose microbiosensors for their in vivo simultaneous determination in rat brain were developed based on carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFM) modified with nanoporous gold (NPG) using the Dynamic Hydrogen Bubble Template (DHBT) method. Electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) onto the NPG film enhances the sensitivity and the electrocatalytic properties towards H2O2 detection. The nanostructured microelectrode platform was modified by glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactate oxidase (LOx) enzyme immobilization. High selective measurements were achieved by covering with a perm-selective layer of electropolymerized m-phenylenediamine, deposition of a Nafion® film and by using a null sensor. The morphological characteristics and electroanalytical performance of the microbiosensors were assessed, by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques, respectively. The PtNP/NPG/CFM shows a high sensitivity to H2O2 (5.96 A M-1 cm-2) at 0.36 V vs. Ag/AgCl, with a linear range from 0.2 to 200 µM, and an LOD of 10 nM. The microbiosensors were applied to the simultaneous determination of lactate and glucose in blood serum samples. Moreover, the basal extracellular concentrations of lactate and glucose were measured in vivo in four different rat brain structures. These results support the potential of the microbiosensor to be used as a valuable tool to investigate brain neurochemicals in vivo.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanoporos , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismo , Glucosa , Glucosa Oxidasa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Lactatos , Platino (Metal) , Ratas , SueroRESUMEN
Drug repurposing allows searching for new biological targets, especially against emerging diseases such as Covid-19. Drug colchicine (COL) presents recognized anti-inflammatory action, while the nanotechnology purpose therapies with low doses, efficacy, and decrease the drug's side-effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of COL and colchicine nanocapsules (NCCOL) on survival, LC50, activity locomotor, and oxidative stress parameters, elucidating the toxicity profile in acute and chronic exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Three-day-old flies were investigated into groups: Control, 0.001, 0.0025, 0.005, and 0.010 mg/mL of COL or NCCOL. The survival rate, open field test, LC50, oxidative stress markers (reactive species (RS) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase), protein thiols, nonprotein thiols, acetylcholinesterase activity, and cell viability were measured. As a result, acute exposure to the COL decreases the number of crosses in the open field and increases CAT activity. NCCOL reduced RS levels, increased lipoperoxidation and SOD activity. Chronic exposure to the COL and NCCOL in high concentrations implied high mortality and enzymatic inhibition of the CAT and AChE, and only the COL caused locomotor damage in the open field test. Thus, NCCOL again reduced the formation of RS while COL increased. In this comparative study, NCCOL was less toxic to the antioxidant system than COL and showed notable involvement of oxidative stress as one of their toxicity mechanisms. Future studies are needed to elucidate all aspects of nanosafety related to the NCCOL.
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COVID-19 , Drosophila melanogaster , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study aimed to characterize, based on the morphology and on the use of carbon sources, rhizobial isolates obtained from nodules of wild common bean genotypes cultivated on soil samples from the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Paraná. Based on morphological and carbon source use, similarity matrixes were generated to perform clustering analysis based on the Jaccard index. A total of 523 isolates were obtained with the predominance of isolates that acidify the culture medium and showed fast growth. Isolates from the soils of Araucária and Prudentópolis produced a greater amount of mucus than those from Jussara, Nova Veneza, Uberlândia and Unaí soils. The rhizobia isolates obtained from soils of Goiás and Minas Gerais showed greater phenotypic diversity than those from the soils of Paraná. Analysis based on the use of different carbon sources revealed that rhizobia isolates obtained from soils of Goiás have higher metabolic diversity. Overall, the most part of isolates grouped with the reference strains, especially with the Rhizobium tropici and R. freirei strains used as inoculants for the common bean.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, com base em características morfológicas e quanto ao uso de fontes de C, isolados de rizóbio obtidos de genótipos silvestres de feijoeiro-comum cultivados em amostras de solo dos Estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais e Paraná. A partir das informações foram geradas matrizes de similaridade, usadas para análise de agrupamento por dendrogramas de similaridade, com base no coeficiente de Jaccard. Foram obtidos 523 isolados com predominância de isolados que acidificaram o meio de cultivo e de crescimento rápido, sendo que os provenientes de solos de Araucária e Prudentópolis produziram maior quantidade de muco que os de Jussara, Nova Veneza, Uberlândia e Unaí. Os isolados de rizóbios obtidos de solos do estado de Goiás e Minas Gerais apresentaram maior diversidade fenotípica do que aqueles oriundos de solos do Paraná. A análise de uso de fontes de C revelou que os isolados de rizóbios obtidos de solos do estado de Goiás apresentaram maior diversidade metabólica. De forma geral, a maior parte dos isolados agrupou com as estirpes-padrão, especialmente com as estirpes de Rhizobium tropici e R. freirei usadas como inoculante do feijoeiro-comum.
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Rhizobiaceae , Carbono , Phaseolus , Genotipo , SueloRESUMEN
Objetivo: descrever a vivência do homem na gestação de alto risco. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com onze homens/companheiros em um centro de saúde reprodutiva. Os dados foram coletados no mês de outubro de 2010 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. As falas foram transcritas pela técnica da análise de conteúdo e analisadas por meio do interacionismo simbólico. Resultados e discussões: os pais apresentaram angústia diante da gravidez de alto risco por considerar um momento novo em sua vida. Os homens justificaram sua ausência no pré- natal, devido à jornada de trabalho, mesmo sua companheira apresentando uma gestação de risco; também as incertezas e alterações que transcorrem na gestação potencializaram emoções. Considerações finais: observou-se que o homem possui papel significativo, gerando efeito tranquilizador diante da situação de alto risco. Logo, o cônjuge apresenta papel significativo no pré-natal de alto risco; entretanto, é necessário que os profissionais favoreçam e estimulem uma maior participação do homem nesse período. (AU)
Objective: to describe the experience of men in cases of high-risk pregnancy. Methodology: it is a descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, developed with eleven men/partners in a center for reproductive health. Data were collected in October 2010 by means of semi-structured interviews. The speeches were transcribed using content analysis technique and analyzed through symbolic interactionism. Results and discussions: partners showed anguish when faced with cases of high-risk pregnancy because they consider it as a new moment in their lives. Men justify their absence in the prenatal period, due to their work hours, although their partners had shown signs of high-risk pregnancy; moreover, the uncertainties and changes that occur during pregnancy strengthened the emotions. Final considerations: it was observed that the man has a significant role, thus generating a softening effect in the face of the high-risk situation. Accordingly, the partner plays a significant role in cases of high-risk prenatal, but it is necessary that professionals foster and encourage a greater participation of the man during this period. (AU)
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Embarazo de Alto Riesgo , Atención Prenatal , Salud de la Mujer , Enfermería , Salud del HombreRESUMEN
Introdução: O elevado consumo de alimentos do tipo fast food por adolescentes está diretamente associado à maior prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nesta população. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de alimentos ricos em sódio, o estado nutricional e os níveis pressóricos em escolares adolescentes de Itaqui. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, de base escolar, com adolescentes residentes no município, os quais forneceram, por meio de um questionário autoaplicado, informações sociodemográficas, sobre o consumo habitual de alimentos ricos em sódio e sal e sobre hipertensão. Foram aferidos ainda peso e altura (para a obtenção do estado nutricional), circunferência abdominal e as pressões sistólica e diastólica, com posterior classificação de acordo com os valores de referência para a idade. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 645 adolescentes, entre 13 e 19 anos de idade, matriculados no ensino médio, período diurno, da rede pública no município. Foi observado consumo adequado de cinco dos sete alimentos ricos em sódio, assim como a não utilização de sal adicional pela maioria dos adolescentes. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 18,3% e 2,8%, respectivamente, e de pressão arterial limítrofe ou aumentada foi de 20,2%. Houve associação positiva da pressão arterial aumentada com sobrepeso (p< 0,001) circunferência abdominal aumentada (p< 0,001) e consumo de biscoitos doces (p= 0,014). Conclusão: Tais informações poderão nortear o desenvolvimento de estratégias educativas quanto ao consumo de alimentos ricos em sódio, o controle da pressão arterial, bem como alertar esses jovens quanto às consequências da hipertensão(AU)
Introduction: The high consumption of fast-food type food by teens is directly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of high-sodium foods, nutritional status, and blood pressure among adolescent students from Itaqui. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study with adolescents living in the city, who provided, through a self-administered questionnaire, social demographic information on their usual consumption of high-sodium foods and salt and on hypertension. Student height and weight (to obtain their nutritional status), waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic pressures were also measured, with subsequent classification according to reference values for age. Results: The study included 645 adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age, enrolled in the public daytime high school network. We found adequate intake of five of the seven sodium-rich foods and no use of additional salt by most adolescents. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.3% and 2.8%, respectively, and of increased blood pressure 20.2%. There was a positive association between increased blood pressure and overweight (p<0.001) , increased waist circumference (p<0.001), and consumption of sweet cookies (p = .014). Conclusion: Such information can guide the development of educational strategies regarding the consumption of high-sodium foods and blood pressure control, as well as to warn these young people about the consequences of high blood pressure(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Encuestas Nutricionales , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético/efectos adversos , Hipertensión/prevención & controlAsunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Mutación/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Citarabina/administración & dosificación , Análisis Citogenético , Etopósido/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Idarrubicina/administración & dosificación , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Nucleofosmina , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Tioguanina/administración & dosificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A utilização de micronutrientes via solo favorece o seu efeito residual diminuindo as aplicações no sistema plantio direto. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o efeito residual da aplicação, via solo, de fertilizantes contendo micronutrientes para cultura do milho cultivado em sistema plantio direto. O trabalho foi realizado a campo em Latossolo Vermelho, em Goiânia, Goiás. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. O fertilizante utilizado na pesquisa contém os micronutrientes Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu e B na forma de pó e foram aplicados em quatro doses (66,66 kg ha-1 mais 1,4 t ha-1 de óxido de cálcio, 33,33 kg ha-1, 66,66 kg ha-1, 133,32 kg ha-1) e tomou-se como referência a testemunha sem a aplicação desse fertilizante. A produtividade de grãos, a análise foliar e a análise química do solo foram realizadas para avaliar a eficiência e o residual do fertilizante. Os teores de Zn se mantiveram elevados no solo em relação aos teores antes da instalação do experimento. Com a análise foliar observou-se uma maior absorção nas parcelas com altos teores de Zn no solo. A maior produtividade foi obtida com a aplicação de 69,08 kg ha-1 do fertilizante contendo micronutrientes em relação à testemunha. Os micronutrientes Mn, Fe, Cu e B não mostraram efeito significativo na produtividade do milho, nutrição foliar e residual no solo.
Applying micronutrients to the soilhas a residual effect, reducing the fertilizer applications that are needed under a no-tillage system. The present study determined the residual effect of applying micronutrient-containing fertilizer to soil used for corn production under a no-tillage system. The field study was conducted in Red Latosol in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. The experiment was a conducted in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates. The fertilizer used in the study contained the micronutrients Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, and B in powder form and was applied atfour doses (33.33 kg ha-1, 66.66 kg ha-1, 133.32 kg ha-1, and 66.66 kgha-1 plus 1.4 t ha-1 of calcium oxide); a control to which this fertilizer was not applied was used as a reference.The grain yield was measured, and leaf analysis and soil chemical analysis were conducted to evaluate the fertilizer efficiency and residual effect. The soil Zn content remained higherthan pre-experiment levels. Leaf analysis indicatedhigher absorption at the sites with high soil Zn content. The highest yield was obtained when applying 69.08 kg ha-1of micronutrient-containing fertilizer. The micronutrients Mn, Fe, Cu, and B exhibited no significant effect on corn yield, leaf nutrition, or soil residue.
RESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de NPK nos diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura de crisântemo, cv. Jospithoven, no período de verão. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de ambiente protegido, no município de Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. A densidade de plantio foi de 80 mudas m-2. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo e quatro repetições. O fator aplicado nas parcelas foi representado pelas partes da planta (haste, folha, inflorescência e planta inteira) e aquele aplicado nas sub-parcelas, pelos estádios de seu desenvolvimento (45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias de idade). A adubação de plantio foi de 133 g m-2 de Yorim, acrescidos de 150 g m-2 da formulação química 5-25-15, à qual foi adicionada uma solução nutritiva circulante de nitrato de cálcio (20 g m-2) durante todo o período estudado, alternando-se sulfato de potássio (30 g m-2) e nitrato de potássio (30 g m-2), a cada quinze dias. Concluiu-se que a demanda de NPK pela cultura de crisântemo var. Jospithoven, durante o ciclo de crescimento, varia com a idade e com o órgão estudado, tendo sido mais acentuada nas folhas e aos 105 dias de idade da planta.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of NPK in cut chrysanthemum, cv. Jospithoven, at different phenologic phases, in the summer. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse environment, in Goiás State, Brazil. The population density was 80 seedlings m-2. The experimental design was completely randomized, with plots split in time, and four replications. The plant portion factor (stem, leaf, inflorescence and whole plant) was applied to plots, and the development phases (45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 days) applied to sub-plots. The plant nutrition was 133 g m-2 of thermophosphate Yoorin and 150 g m-2 of fertilizer formula 5-25-15, which was added to the circulating nutritive solution of calcium nitrate (20 g m-2), during all the evaluated period, alternated with potassium sulfate (30 g m-2) and potassium nitrate (30 g m-2), each fifteen days. It was concluded that NPK demand by chrysanthemum var. Jospithoven, during the growing cycle, ranges according to the plant age and the organ studied, having been more accentuatedin the leaves and 105 days after sowing.