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Los recién nacidos prematuros tardíos son aquellos nacidos a una edad gestacional entre la semana 34+0 y 36+6. Estos niños tienen tasas de morbilidad más altas que los recién nacidos a término por su relativa inmadurez fisiológica y metabólica, lo que conlleva una estancia hospitalaria prolongada y un aumento del coste económico. Además, la tasa de reingreso y la mortalidad son también mayores que en los nacidos a término. El objetivo de esta revisión es definir el concepto de "prematuro tardío", describir las complicaciones médicas y riesgos que se encuentran comúnmente en este grupo de niños, presentar las características que les predisponen a una morbimortalidad más alta y sugerir guías para la valoración y manejo de estos pacientes tras el nacimiento(AU)

Late preterm infants are born at a gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks and 6 days. These children have higher morbidity than term infants due to their relative physiologic and metabolic immaturity, leading to a longer average birth hospital stay with a higher cost of care. Moreover, the rate of readmission and mortality are also higher than in term infants. The purpose of this review is to define "late-preterm", describe medical complications and risks that are commonly found in this group of children, present the characteristics of late-preterm infants that predispose them to higher morbidity and mortality and suggest guidelines for assessment and management of these patients after birth(AU)

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Breast tumors in adolescents are very rare and mostly benign. Fibroadenomas are the most frequent, but within the extensive differential diagnosis, the phyllodes tumor must be mentioned, which accounts for about 1% of breast tumors and the diagnosis of which is very rare in patients younger than 20 years. There are no specific symptoms or radiological images to distinguish phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma; therefore, histological examination is mandatory for diagnosis. Histology also allows the classification of phyllodes tumor into benign, borderline, or malignant types for appropriate surgical treatment: freemargin excision in benign tumors and mastectomy in the other two types. Fortunately, the majority of these tumors are benign, and treatment maximizes breast conservation with free infiltration margins surgery, given that this fact is the most important factor to prevent local recurrence. In this article, we describe a rare case of borderline cystosarcoma phyllodes in a 12-year-old girl (AU)

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Presentamos a una paciente en edad escolar con adenopatías hiliares en el contexto de neumonías de repetición. Se describe el diagnóstico diferencial razonado que se debe realizar en estos casos, y se discute si son necesarias pruebas complementarias más agresivas en los casos con buena evolución y sin datos sugestivos de enfermedad grave. Se insiste en la importancia de la historia clínica y el beneficio de pruebas complementarias básicas analíticas y de imagen. Se concluye que una actitud expectante, sin realización de pruebas invasivas y con revisiones seriadas, en un proceder útil en estos casos (AU)

We present the case of a school-aged female patient with en larged hilar lymph nodes in the context of recurrent pneumonias. The reasoned differential diagnosis that should be performed in these cases is described and it is discussed whether more aggressive complementary tests are necessary in cases having good evolution and without data suggestive of severe disease. The importance of the clinical history and the benefit of basic complementary laboratory analysis and imaging tests are stressed. It is concluded that a waiting attitude, without performing invasive test and with seriated reviews, is a useful procedure in these cases (AU)

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La piomiositis es una infección bacteriana profunda del músculo esquelético, que muestra predilección por los grandes grupos musculares. Esta entidad clínica, frecuente en países de clima tropical, en nuestro medio tiene escasa incidencia. La falta de conciencia de la enfermedad y la presentación insidiosa de los síntomas hacen que a menudo se demore su diagnóstico. Ante un niño con fiebre sin foco aparente, debe considerarsela piomiositis como posible causa, teniendo gran importancia antecedentes como la vacunación previa, debido a que la lesión muscular puede condicionar la infección local tras una bacteriemia. En estas páginas presentamos un caso de piomiositis de glúteo mayor en un paciente de 15 meses de edad que cursó con bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus y planteó dificultades en el diagnóstico inicial (AU)

Pyomyositis is a deep bacterial infection of skeletal muscle, which has a predilection for large muscle groups. This clinicalentity is frequently detected in tropical countries, but is not common in our region. Due to a lack of awareness of the disease and the insidious presentation of the clinical symptoms, the final diagnosis is often delayed. Pyomyositis should be considered in every febrile child with no apparent origin. It is very important to take into account the previous history of the patient, including vaccinations. A vaccine can be the origin of muscle injury, which could result in infection due to bacteremia. We present a case of pyomyositis of the gluteus maximus in a 15-month-old child with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, and discuss the difficulties encountered in the initial diagnosis (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and degree of hyponutrition among patients with resectable digestive neoplasm that will be submitted to surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional descriptive study carried out from november of 2005 to march of 2006, assessing the nutritional status of all patients aged > or = 18 years with resectable digestive neoplasm submitted to scheduled surgery at the General and Digestive Surgery Department of the Hospital Complex of Orense (Spain). Eighty patients were studied, 41 men and 39 women aged 27-92 years. RESULTS: Diagnosis categorization was as follows: colonic neoplasm 27 patients, rectal neoplasm 24, gastric neoplasm 23, and pancreatic neoplasm 6. Fifty-three percent of the patients assessed had lost 5% of their usual weight within the previous 3 months. Serum albumin levels were lower than 3.5 mg/dL in 49% of the cases. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment shows a hyponutrition prevalence of 50% (29% with moderate hyponutrition or at risk for hyponutrition and 21% with severe hyponutrition). Hyponutrition was related to age, increasing with increasing age (p < 0.05), and to the kind of digestive neoplasm (higher prevalence among patients with gastric neoplasm). CONCLUSIONS: Hyponutrition prevalence among patients with resectable digestive neoplasm is high. There is a similarity between the relative data relating to percentage of weight loss, serum albumin levels, and nutritional assessment obtained by applying the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Further studies on hyponutrition prevalence among oncologic patients at our setting would be desirable.

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Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y el grado de desnutrición de los pacientes con neoplasia digestiva resecable que van a ser sometidos a intervención quirúrgica. Material y método: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo de noviembre de 2005 a marzo de 2006 basado en la valoración nutricional de todos los pacientes mayores de edad con neoplasia digestiva resecable programados para intervención quirúrgica en el Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva del Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense. Se incluyeron 80 pacientes, 41 hombres y 39 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 27 y los 92 años. Resultados: La distribución por diagnósticos fue la siguiente: neoplasia de colon 27 pacientes, neoplasia de recto 24, neoplasia gástrica 23 y neoplasia pancreática 6. El 53% de los pacientes valorados había perdido más de un 5% de su peso habitual en los 3 meses previos. Las cifras de albúmina plasmática eran inferiores a 3,5 mg/dl en el 49% de los casos. La Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente muestra una prevalencia de desnutrición del 50% (29% desnutrición moderada o riesgo de desnutrición y 21% desnutrición severa). La desnutrición se relacionó con la edad, siendo más frecuente al aumentar ésta (p < 0,05) y con el tipo de neoplasia digestiva (mayor prevalencia en pacientes con neoplasia gástrica). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con neoplasia digestiva resecable es elevada. Existe similitud entre los datos relativos al porcentaje de pérdida de peso, cifras de albúmina plasmática y valoración nutricional obtenida al aplicar la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente. Sería deseable que se realizasen más estudios de prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes oncológicos en nuestro medio (AU)

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and degree of hyponutrition among patients with resectable digestive neoplasm that will be submitted to surgery. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional descriptive study carried out from november of 2005 to march of 2006, assessing the nutritional status of all patients aged ≥18 years with resectable digestive neoplasm submitted to scheduled surgery at the General and Digestive Surgery Department of the Hospital Complex of Orense (Spain). Eighty patients were studied, 41 men and 39 women aged 27-92 years. Result: Diagnosis categorization was as follows: colonic neoplasm 27 patients, rectal neoplasm 24, gastric neoplasm 23, and pancreatic neoplasm 6. Fifty-three percent of the patients assessed had lost 5% of their usual weight within the previous 3 months. Serum albumin levels were lower than 3.5 mg/dL in 49% of the cases. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment shows a hyponutrition prevalence of 50% (29% with moderate hyponutrition or at risk for hyponutrition and 21% with severe hyponutrition). Hyponutrition was related to age, increasing with increasing age (p < 0.05), and to the kind of digestive neoplasm (higher prevalence among patients with gastric neoplasm). Conclusion: Hyponutrition prevalence among patients with resectable digestive neoplasm is high. There is a similarity between the relative data relating to percentage of weight loss, serum albumin levels, and nutritional assessment obtained by applying the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Further studies on hyponutrition prevalence among oncologic patients at our setting would be desirable (AU)

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