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Objetivo: Analizar la adecuación del botiquín de antídotos en los servicios de farmacia de los hospitales de la red pública de la comunidad autónoma de Les Illes Balears. Método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal que revisa la composición del botiquín de antídotos y otros fármacos para el tratamiento de intoxicaciones agudas disponible en los servicios de farmacia de los diversos hospitales públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma, mediante cumplimentación de un formulario específico por un responsable de cada centro. Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con las recomendaciones CALITOX-2006 y las recomendaciones Antidote Stocking Guidelines (ASG-2009), se analizó la disponibilidad, cantidad y ubicación. Resultados: En los 7 hospitales, la disponibilidad supera el 85% según CALITOX y el68% según ASG. Las carencias principales fueron el sulfato sódico, la apomorfina, la cianida kit oral y el suero anticrotálide. La adecuación cuantitativa media es del 83%, y lapiridoxina es el que más veces está infradotado. Hay un exceso de carbón activado y de N-acetilcisteína. Se detectó una infradotación de glucagón y de fomepizol en el hospital de referencia. Los criterios de ubicación en el servicio de urgencias se siguieron en más del 80% (hospital de nivel I), 68% (hospital de nivel II) y 94% (hospital de referencia).Conclusiones: El grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones consultadas en cuanto a composición, accesibilidad y dotación del botiquín de antídotos y otros fármacos para el tratamiento de intoxicaciones agudas en los hospitales públicos de Les Illes Balears es alto, con una distribución en cada una de las islas segura para garantizar su disponibilidad. La situación geográfica del hospital y su proximidad al centro de referencia más dotado de antídotos predominan sobre el grado de complejidad del hospital en los de nivel 2

Objective: To analyze whether pharmacies in public health service hospitals in the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands are stocking sufficient amounts of poison antidotes. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of public hospital pharmacy stocks of antidotes and other medicines for treating acute poisoning. The head of each hospital pharmacy completed a questionnaire about stocks. The results on which antidotes were in stock, the amounts, and the storage locations were assessed for compliance with recommended quality indicators for emergency care in acute poisonings (CALITOX-2006) and the Antidote Stocking Guidelines (ASG-2009).Results: The 7 hospitals met the CALITOX-2006 availability criteria for over 85% of items and the ASG-2009 criteria for68%. Inadequate stocking mainly involved sodium sulfate, apomorphine, oral cyanide antidote kits, and crotaline snake antivenom. An average of 83% of the stocks were adequate; pyridoxine was the substance most often found to be understocked. Activated charcoal and N-acetylcysteine were the items most often overstocked. Glucagon and fomepizole were understocked in the referral hospital. Over 80% of items were stored in appropriate ocations in the emergency departments of level 1 hospitals (68% in level 2 hospitals; 94% in the referral hospital). Conclusions: Public health system hospitals are highly compliant with recommendations on stocking antidotes and other medicines to treat acute poisoning (what to stock, where, and in what amounts); the distribution of stocks safely guarantees they will be available when needed. Among level 2 hospitals, a facility's location (proximity to the best-equipped referral hospital for poisonings) had greater influence on compliance than the hospital's level of complexity

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as adjuvant hormonal therapy for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer compared with tamoxifen therapy, or as a subsequential treatment to this therapy. METHOD: We carried out a bibliographical search using the Medline database and papers presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium conferences. The efficacy parameters evaluated were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), measured after the follow-up period for each of the tests analysed. The data selected were subjected to a stratified meta-analysis according to the different strategies used to introduce the AIs. The Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (MH OR; at 95% CI) was calculated for each of the parameters evaluated. The principal side effects with respect to toxicity, described in the various comparative clinical trials, have been listed in a table. RESULTS: Compared to tamoxifen, AIs have been shown to increase DFS both as a first-line therapy (MH OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.92) and when sequentially administered for 2-3 years following 2-3 years of tamoxifen treatment (MH OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.57-0.75). Similarly, their use after 5 years of tamoxifen therapy also produces an increase in DFS (MH OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.51-0.77). As for OS, a statistically significant difference is obtained only when the AI is administered following 2-3 years of tamoxifen treatment (MH OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94). In comparison with tamoxifen, AIs reduce the incidence of thromboembolic and gynaecologic events, although they increase bone toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical studies evaluated show the consistent benefits of AIs at different adjuvant treatment stages; however, we have been unable to establish the optimum moment for their introduction due to the absence of direct comparisons between the different strategies. We now need to focus on the selection of patient sub-groups which could benefit from their use as a first-line therapy, the long-term toxicity of AIs, and their capacity to increase OS, regardless of the strategy followed, after a longer monitoring period. In light of the evidence available, bearing in mind certain limitations, we propose criteria for the use of AIs in daily clinical practice.

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OBJECTIVE: Electronic prescribing is considered a basic measure for the prevention and reduction of medications errors. The goal of this survey was to assess the incidence of errors occurring with electronic versus standard prescription. METHOD: A prospective, sequential, open-label study to assess errors with electronic prescribing as compared to traditional manual prescribing in two public hospitals in Balearic Islands. Errors regarding medication, diet and/or nursing orders were assesses along four process stages: medical prescription, pharmacy transcription/validation, nursing transcription, and dispensation. RESULTS: With manual prescription 1,576 errors/18,539 therapy orders (8.50%) were identified, whereas with electronic prescription 827 errors/18,885 therapy orders (4.38%) were detected, which represents a relative risk reduction by 48% and an absolute risk reduction by 4.12% (p < 0.0001). Pharmacy transcription/validation errors decreased (1.73 vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001), as did nursing transcription errors (2.54 vs. 0.81%, p < 0.0001) and dispensation errors (2.13 vs. 0.96%, p < 0.0001); however, the number of prescription errors increased (2.10 vs. 2.40%, p = 0.0401). CONCLUSIONS: Electronic prescription is a powerful tool, and one that in this work was shown to decrease medication-, diet-, and nursing care-related errors in a highly significant way; however, it should be developed and maintained in order to achieve safety and effectiveness as required by drug usage.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia de errores que se producencon la prescripción electrónica comparada con la prescripciónmanual.Método: Estudio prospectivo, secuencial y abierto para valorarlos errores con prescripción electrónica comparándola con laprescripción manual tradicional en dos hospitales públicos de lasIslas Baleares. Se han valorado los errores de medicación, dietay/u órdenes de enfermería en cuatro fases del proceso: prescripciónmédica, transcripción/validación en farmacia, transcripciónde enfermería y dispensación.Resultados: Con la prescripción manual se detectaron 1.576errores/18.539 órdenes de tratamiento (8,50%), y con la prescripciónelectrónica 827 errores/18.885 órdenes de tratamiento(4,38%), lo que supone una reducción relativa del riesgo del 48%y una reducción absoluta del riesgo de 4,12% (p < 0,0001). Existeuna disminución de errores de transcripción/validación en farmacia(1,73 vs. 0,13%, p < 0,0001), transcripción de enfermería(2,54 vs. 0,81%, p < 0,0001) y dispensación (2,13 vs. 0,96%, p < 0,0001); sin embargo, en la prescripción se observa un aumentodel número de errores (2,10 vs. 2,40%, p = 0,0401).Conclusiones: La prescripción electrónica es una herramientamuy poderosa que ha mostrado en este trabajo disminuir deforma muy significativa los errores de medicación, dieta y cuidadosde enfermería, pero que hay que desarrollar y mantener paraconseguir la seguridad y efectividad que se pretende en la utilizaciónde medicamentos

Objective: Electronic prescribing is considered a basic measurefor the prevention and reduction of medications errors. Thegoal of this survey was to assess the incidence of errors occurringwith electronic versus standard prescription.Method: A prospective, sequential, open-label study to assesserrors with electronic prescribing as compared to traditional manualprescribing in two public hospitals in Balearic Islands. Errorsregarding medication, diet and/or nursing orders were assessesalong four process stages: medical prescription, pharmacy transcription/validation, nursing transcription, and dispensation.Results: With manual prescription 1,576 errors/18,539 therapyorders (8.50%) were identified, whereas with electronic prescription827 errors/18,885 therapy orders (4.38%) were detected,which represents a relative risk reduction by 48% and an absoluterisk reduction by 4.12% (p < 0.0001). Pharmacy transcription/validationerrors decreased (1.73 vs. 0.13%, p < 0.0001), as did nursingtranscription errors (2.54 vs. 0.81%, p < 0.0001) and dispensationerrors (2.13 vs. 0.96%, p < 0.0001); however, the number ofprescription errors increased (2.10 vs. 2.40%, p = 0.0401).Conclusions: Electronic prescription is a powerful tool, andone that in this work was shown to decrease medication-, diet-,and nursing care-related errors in a highly significant way; however,it should be developed and maintained in order to achieve safetyand effectiveness as required by drug usage

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A probable case of hypersensitivity reaction to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in a 55 years old patient diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma is presented. Onset of TPN infusion coincides with the time of the onset of a disseminated pruritic cutaneous eruption that repeats after a second exposure to nutrition. The likely causes of this hypersensitivity reaction are analyzed.

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Se presenta un caso probable de reacción de hipersensibilidad a Nutrición Parenteral Total (NPT) en un paciente de 55 años diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma gástrico. El inicio de la infusión de la NPT coincide en el tiempo con la aparición de una erupción cutánea pruriginosa diseminada que se repite tras una segunda exposición a la nutrición. Se analizan las causas probables de esta reacción de hipersensibilidad (AU)

A probable case of hypersensitivity reaction to Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) in a 55 years old patient diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma is presented. Onset of TPN infusion coincides with the time of the onset of a disseminated pruritic cutaneous eruption that repeats after a second exposure to nutrition. The likely causes of this hypersensitivity reaction are analyzed (AU)

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