RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aims to explore physician-patient communications about bone metastases and cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL). METHODS: The study utilizes online survey of patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma, and the physicians who treat them. RESULTS: Even though 69 and 48 % of patients with nonmetastatic breast and prostate cancer aware of treatment-induced bone loss, only 39 and 23 %, respectively, were concerned about bone loss. Yet, 62 and 71 % of oncologists treating breast and prostate cancer felt that their patients were concerned. Among patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancer, two thirds had not discussed treatment for bone metastases with their doctor; when discussed, 88 and 91 % of discussions were initiated by the doctor, usually prior to initiating treatment. Most myeloma patients (77 %) had discussed treatment options with their physicians; 99 % of hematologists reported discussing treatment of bone disease with patients. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians are primary sources of information to patients regarding bone health. There is a gap between what physicians assume their patients know about bone health and the patients' perceptions, presenting a need for systematic awareness and education.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Óseas/psicología , Enfermedades Óseas/terapia , Neoplasias Óseas/psicología , Neoplasias Óseas/terapia , Comunicación , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Concienciación , Enfermedades Óseas/etiología , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Percepción , Neoplasias de la Próstata/psicología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapiaRESUMEN
Two experiments investigated the factors that govern children's use of singular and plural forms of count nouns. Experiment 1 used an elicited production task to investigate whether children use referential and/or syntactic information to determine the form of the count nouns when the two sources of information conflict (e.g. each x, one of the xs), as well as when the linguistic context does not provide any constraint on the form of the noun, but the referential context does (e.g. the dog(s)). 48 children, aged 1;9 to 5;6, participated in Experiment 1. The results suggest that even the youngest children can use referential information when relevant, and can ignore referential information when necessary. Children did, however, show a tendency to make errors with the quantifier each in non-partitive contexts, and a developmental trend was found in the use and avoidance of each in non-partitive contexts. Experiment 2, an act out task, provided a second test of the role of referential information in children's use of singular and plural forms. Experiment 2 also investigated children's appreciation of the semantic distinction between each and all. 48 children, aged 1;8 to 5;6, participated in Experiment 2. A weak sensitivity to the semantic distinction between the two quantifiers as well as the syntactic context in which they were used was found. The results of the two experiments suggest that, from the beginning, children approach the task of learning when to use singular and plural forms of count nouns on the basis of morphosyntactic, semantic, and referential properties of utterances, rather than initially using only one of these types of information.