RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study presents a pictogram engraved into the Marble Road of the ancient town of Ephesus, with a special emphasis on one part of it which represents a flat foot. Although the flat foot is a widespread and common disturbance in all time periods, we were motivated by a lack of its representation within iconographical, historical or other sources. METHOD: Aiming to confirm the diagnosis objectively we applied the modern diagnostic methodology, arch index (AI). The result was 0.33, which is a mathematical proof that the Ephesus foot is definitely flat. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this picture from the first century AD is among the oldest representations of a flat foot in history.
Asunto(s)
Pie Plano/historia , Pesos y Medidas Corporales , Pie Plano/diagnóstico , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Medicina en las Artes , TurquíaAsunto(s)
Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Placebos/historia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/historia , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/historia , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Reumatoide/historia , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto/normas , YugoslaviaRESUMEN
Emanuel Edward Klein (Osijek, 1844 - Hove, 1925) was a British microbiologist of Croatian origin. He completed his medical studies in Vienna in 1869. In 1869 he was sent to England to determine terms for the translation of Samuel Stricker's manual Handbuch von den Geweben des Menchen und der Tiere. During his visit he made a good impression on John Burdon Sanderson and John Simon, which was the main reason why he was invited to London in 1871 to conduct investigations under their guidance. In 1873 Klein began his collaboration with the Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was appointed as a Joint Professor of General Anatomy and Physiology. His researches were in the fields of anatomy, histology, pathology, embryology, physiology, and especially microbiology. He did a great deal to its development in Britain. He has written about 260 scientific papers on a broad range of different topics. Despite all the aforementioned facts, his work was never properly studied, and he is almost unknown outside academic circles. For that reason, attitudes towards him still range between the extremes of calling him the father of British microbiology on one side, and attributing him as a diligent and industrious plodder on the other. In this paper we will try to prove the first attitude. We will put his researches in a general context. Finally we will highlight his original achievements in the isolation of new microbes.