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Now a number of allergopatologies is shown to be formed as non-allergic hypersensitivity. Research of this state is especially important when studying a question of formation of a condition of a chemical sensitization in response to the contact of a human body with chemical pollutants. For diagnostics of reactions of non-allergic hypersensitivity the test was developed for an assessment of activation of basophiles by specific allergens (the test of activation of basophiles by method of a flowing cytometry Flow Cast® (BD FACSCalibur)). It is possible to judge by activation on an expression of some receptors on a surface of these cages (CD63). Examination of a group of persons, having continuous contact with means of household chemicals was performed. In 54.5% of the examined persons the percent of CD63-of nonspecific activated cages was revealed to be at the level of 16-65% that gives the grounds to assume existence of a condition of not allergic hypersensitivity. Thus, the test of activation of basophiles by method of a flowing cytometry can be used for a differentiation of an IgE-dependent allergy from a condition of non-allergic hypersensitivity.

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The prevalence and severity of manifestations of non-allergic hypersensitivity to chemical environmental factors pose the question about the need to study the mechanisms of its formation in population. It should be borne in mind that, in the absence of immunological mechanisms of formation of the mentioned state, the term "chemical sensitization" must be replaced by the term "non-allergic hypersensitivity." The investigation of this problem should permit to reduce the risk of formation of different types of hypersensitivity in population.

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The analysis of works on the study of the hyperreactivity of the human organism to the chemical factors of environment testifies about the significance of the development of this direction in hygienic studies. During rate setting of the content of chemical substances the effect of hypersensitivity to the factors of environment is limiting. In hygienic studies up to now non allergic hypersensitivity (pseudo-allergic response) was not considered, its prevalence among working-age population was not studied and no system of the differential estimation of true allergy and pseudo-allergic response for the practical use in the inspections of population was developed.

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New biomarkers of effect of some controlled ambient air pollutants (formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and TSP) were found in two surveys of Moscow residents (apparently healthy and outpatients with allergic diseases) with a help of screening system of biochemical and immunological parameters. Possible mechanisms of the effects, including interference of atmospheric carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide with corresponding endogenous second messengers, are discussed.

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The paper presents the results of investigating the phenotypic polymorphism of a number of biochemical and immunological parameters (the values of oxidative stress, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in red blood cells, the serum levels of catecholamines, tumor-necrosis factor-?, and IgG antibody subclasses) in the authors' hygienic studies of genotypic and nongenotypic population samples.

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Factor analysis of cross-sensitization to 24 common allergens and correlation analysis of the relationship between the hypersensitivity to the allergens and some biochemical markers (the intensity of serum chemiluminescence, the content of SH-groups, and the activity of lysosomal enzymes) of the health status were carried out in a sample of Moscow residents with allergic diseases. A significant correlation was found between the serum levels of specific IgE antibodies to pollen allergens and the activity of serum acid DNAase (R = 0.498; p = 0.009; N = 67). The revealed regularity may be used to devise a test for the differential diagnosis of pollenoses and suggests that there are possible differences in the levels of apoptosis and cytogenetic damages between patients with pollenoses and those with other allergic diseases.

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The immune status of Moscow dwellers was studied. The findings indicate the criterion significance of immunological and allergological parameters in the estimation of a risk of allergic diseases under the influence of poor environmental factors influence. Hyperactivity in individuals with high immunoglobulin class E levels to environmental factors is suggested by the elevated concentrations of serum specific IgE to intrahouse factors that in combination with the increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and the suppressed production interleukin-4 are criteria for the early manifestations of allergy.

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The effects of waters of varying structuredness on the body's immunological responsiveness were investigated. Long-term intake of highly-structured waters was shown to lead to the stimulation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction and the activation of leukocyte phagocytic activity.

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Myofibrillar protein tropomyosin (TM) is a normal physiological protein participating in regulation of muscular contraction. It is widely prevalent among living organisms. This explains cross-reactivity of allergic patients to home dust, sea fish, cockroaches, etc. The presence of similar IgE-binding epitopes in TM of different origin is a key factor in development of cross-reactivity (CR). CR to TM is a general biological phenomenon. We consider modified TM as a basic component in design of allergovaccines of a new generation.

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This review contains a detailed description of factors which determine the allergic danger in a region, the sources of allergens entering the environment, and classification of allergens according to their origin and ecological significance. The authors draw attention to the existing criteria of allergopathic conditions, which may serve as an important diagnostic index when establishing sensitization and performing specific diagnostics of allergic diseases. The article covers a complex of laboratory diagnostic methods, directed towards timely detection of allergopathology and its prevention.

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The paper deals with the risk of occurrence and development of allergic diseases under the influence of biological housing factors, such as molds, staphylococci, ticks, and insects. It shows that biological domestic allergens are of high importance in human sensitization. There is evidence that supports the allergic hazard of the above factors to children and adults.

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The presence of immunoglobulins to Malassezia spp. surface proteins in the sera from patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects was studied. It was found that 28% of 25 examined patients with atopic dermatitis had IgE antibodies to Malassezia spp. surface protein preparation. All patients and 5 healthy subjects had IgG antibodies to this preparation. The presence and concentration of specific IgE antibodies in patients with atopic dermatitis correlated with reverse titers of IgG antibodies to this preparation (r=0.782). The medians of values reciprocal to IgG antibody titers in patients with atopic dermatitis with and without specific IgE antibodies to the preparation and in healthy subjects were 64, 1024, and 16, respectively. The preparation derived from Candida albicans (candidine) and previously derived preparation from Malassezia did not cross-react. According to immunoblotting data, the preparation contains allergens presented by proteins with molecular weights 15, 36, 52-56, and 78.4 kDa.

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Hygienic criteria of treated sewage quality intended for the use in industry, municipal and agrarian enterprises were suggested.

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Experimental study of the iron allergenic effects on animals and pediatric examination of 130 schoolchildren in regions with high level of the iron in the water showed safety of the iron Mac in the water at the level of 0,3 mg/1.

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