Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 35
Filtrar
1.
Br J Dermatol ; 172(2): 412-8, 2015 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25597261

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Itching, burning, numbness and tingling of the skin are frequent reasons for dermatology consultation. We hypothesized that these sensations may be attributable to a small-fibre neuropathy. Sweating, which is mediated by small nerve fibres, may be a surrogate marker of small-fibre neuropathy. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the results of thermoregulatory sweat testing (TST), which depicts and estimates whole-body sweating, in patients with itching, burning, numbness and tingling sensations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 227 patients with itching, burning, numbness and tingling sensations involving the skin who were seen at our institution during 2008 and also underwent TST. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 54 years (range 3-89), and 58% were female. In all, 149 patients (66%) had abnormal TST results; in 119 (80%) of these patients the areas of anhidrosis on TST corresponded to their symptomatic areas. For each symptom analysed separately, the area of anhidrosis correlated with the area of symptoms in most patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with burning, itching, numbness and tingling have abnormal sweating patterns and often do not sweat in the symptomatic areas. These novel findings suggest that a small-fibre neuropathy may underlie many cutaneous symptoms and that the neuropathy can be estimated using TST.


Asunto(s)
Hipoestesia/etiología , Hipohidrosis/etiología , Parestesia/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/complicaciones , Prurito/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven
3.
Neurogastroenterol Motil ; 26(9): 1285-97, 2014 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25039328

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chronic gastrointestinal dysmotility greatly impacts the quality of life. Treatment options are limited and generally symptomatic. Neural autoimmunity is an under-recognized etiology. We evaluated immunotherapy as an aid to diagnosing autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility (AGID). METHODS: Twenty-three subjects evaluated at the Mayo Clinic for suspected AGID (August 2006-February 2014) fulfilled the following criteria: (1) prominent symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility with abnormalities on scintigraphy-manometry; (2) serological evidence or personal/family history of autoimmune disease; (3) treated by immunotherapy on a trial basis, 6-12 weeks (intravenous immune globulin, 16; or methylprednisolone, 5; or both, 2). Response was defined subjectively (symptomatic improvement) and objectively (gastrointestinal scintigraphy/manometry studies). KEY RESULTS: Symptoms at presentation: constipation, 18/23; nausea or vomiting, 18/23; weight loss, 17/23; bloating, 13/23; and early satiety, 4/23. Thirteen patients had personal/family history of autoimmunity. Sixteen had neural autoantibodies and 19 had extra-intestinal autonomic testing abnormalities. Cancer was detected in three patients. Preimmunotherapy scintigraphy revealed slowed transit (19/21 evaluated; gastric, 11; small bowel, 12; colonic, 11); manometry studies were abnormal in 7/8. Postimmunotherapy, 17 (74%) had improvement (both symptomatic and scintigraphic, five; symptomatic alone, eight; scintigraphic alone, four). Nine responders re-evaluated had scintigraphic evidence of improvement. The majority of responders who were re-evaluated had improvement in autonomic testing (six of seven) or manometry (two of two). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: This proof of principle study illustrates the importance of considering an autoimmune basis for idiopathic gastrointestinal dysmotility and supports the utility of a diagnostic trial of immunotherapy.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/complicaciones , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inmunología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Manometría , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto Joven
4.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord ; 17(4): 260-4, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21310646

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Compulsive behaviors provoked by dopamine agonists often go undetected in clinical series, especially if not specifically inquired about. AIM: To determine the frequency of compulsive behaviors in a Parkinson's disease (PD) clinic where agonist-treated patients were routinely asked about such aberrant behaviors. METHODS: We utilized the Mayo Health Science Research database to ascertain all PD patients taking a dopamine agonist over a two year period (2007-2009). All were seen by a Mayo-Rochester Movement Disorders Staff specialist who routinely inquired about behavior compulsions. RESULTS: Of 321 PD patients taking an agonist, 69 (22%) experienced compulsive behaviors, and 50/321 (16%) were pathologic. However, when the analysis was restricted to patients taking agonist doses that were at least minimally therapeutic, pathological behaviors were documented in 24%. The subtypes were: gambling (25; 36%), hypersexuality (24; 35%), compulsive spending/shopping (18; 26%), binge eating (12; 17%), compulsive hobbying (8; 12%) and compulsive computer use (6; 9%). The vast majority of affected cases (94%) were concurrently taking carbidopa/levodopa. Among those with adequate followup, behaviors completely or partly resolved when the dopamine agonist dose was reduced or ceased. CONCLUSIONS: Dopamine agonist treatment of PD carries a substantial risk of pathological behaviors. These occurred in 16% of agonist-treated patients; however, when assessing patients whose dose was at least minimally in the therapeutic range, the frequency jumped to 24%. Pathological gambling and hypersexuality were most common. Carbidopa/levodopa therapy taken concurrently with a dopamine agonist appeared to be an important risk factor.


Asunto(s)
Antiparkinsonianos/efectos adversos , Conducta Compulsiva/inducido químicamente , Agonistas de Dopamina/efectos adversos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Benzotiazoles/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Indoles/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pramipexol
5.
Neurology ; 73(18): 1501-6, 2009 Nov 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19884578

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is characterized by impairment of multiple autonomic domains of which sudomotor function is among the most common. Many patients with this disorder have difficulties with thermoregulation and anhidrosis. Our objective was to characterize the distribution and severity of sudomotor dysfunction in this disorder. METHODS: Sudomotor function was analyzed in a cohort of 21 patients with ganglionic alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antibody positive autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Standard measurements of sudomotor function were used including the Thermoregulatory Sweat Test and Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test. RESULTS: The clinical presentation in all patients was characterized by widespread sudomotor dysfunction. Sudomotor impairment was predominantly postganglionic in 17 of the 21 patients studied. Higher ganglionic alpha3 nAChR antibody levels resulted in progressive postganglionic predominant dysfunction (postganglionic, r = 0.637, p = 0.002; mixed ganglionic, r = 0.709, p < 0.001). The pattern of anhidrosis on Thermoregulatory Sweat Testing was consistent with a ganglionopathy in the majority of patients (14 of 21) and a distal pattern in a minority of patients (8 of 21). These patterns of anhidrosis coupled with increasing postganglionic dysfunction in a proximal to distal pattern (foot > distal leg > proximal leg > forearm) indicate lesions at both the ganglia and distal axon of the postganglionic sudomotor sympathetic neuron. CONCLUSIONS: Our data characterize the unique sudomotor dysfunction in autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy as widespread, predominantly postganglionic, and a result of lesions at both the ganglia and distal axon. This study provides important support to the hypothesis that this disorder represents a ganglionic neuropathy.


Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/inmunología , Ganglios Autónomos/inmunología , Ganglios Autónomos/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoprecipitación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sudoración/inmunología
6.
Neurology ; 72(23): 2002-8, 2009 Jun 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19506222

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with seropositive and seronegative putative autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy (AAG) using validated autonomic function tests and instruments. BACKGROUND: AAG is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by prominent and selective involvement of autonomic nerve fibers or ganglia. Treatment with i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange (PE) has been reported to be effective in single case reports. METHODS: We studied six patients, four with seropositive and two with seronegative putative AAG, who underwent autonomic function tests and completed two validated questionnaires, to assess autonomic symptoms before and after immunomodulatory treatment. Patients were treated with standard doses of IVIg, PE, or immunosuppressants in a specific sequential therapy protocol depending on clinical response. RESULTS: Of the six patients (all women, mean ages 49.3 +/- 10.6 years), four patients were ganglionic (alpha3) AChR autoantibody positive and two were autoantibody negative. All patients showed clinical improvement after treatment. Sudomotor function assessed by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test and thermoregulatory sweat test improved in four patients after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Immunomodulatory treatment can be effective in both seropositive and seronegative putative autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Plasma exchange or combined therapy with immunosuppressive agents should be considered in patients who do not benefit from i.v. immunoglobulin alone.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/inmunología , Ganglios Autónomos/efectos de los fármacos , Ganglios Autónomos/inmunología , Polirradiculoneuropatía/tratamiento farmacológico , Polirradiculoneuropatía/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/sangre , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal/inmunología , Femenino , Ganglios Autónomos/fisiopatología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Inmunoterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Plasmaféresis/estadística & datos numéricos , Polirradiculoneuropatía/sangre , Receptores Nicotínicos/inmunología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Glándulas Sudoríparas/inervación , Glándulas Sudoríparas/fisiopatología , Resultado del Tratamiento
7.
Neurology ; 67(11): 1984-9, 2006 Dec 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17159105

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chronic liver failure may be associated with pallidal MRI T1 hyperintensity and heterogeneous neurologic syndromes, including parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, and others. Manganese accumulation may be responsible for the imaging and clinical findings. OBJECTIVE: To measure manganese plus other metal concentrations in pallidum and additional brain regions and to examine the corresponding neuropathology in cases of chronic liver failure. METHODS: Regional brain metal concentrations were measured in seven chronic liver failure cases, four with pallidal T1 hyperintensity and three with normal MRI, plus five controls. Neuropathologic examination employed alpha-synuclein and tau immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In patients with pallidal T1 hyperintensity, pallidal manganese concentrations were increased sevenfold over controls and over fourfold vs liver patients with normal MRI; manganese concentrations were also significantly elevated in all other brain regions. Copper was additionally increased in all brain regions, whereas other metal concentrations were similar to control values. Neuropathology revealed mild to moderate Alzheimer type II gliosis in the liver failure groups and negative alpha-synuclein and tau immunostaining except for one case (intermediate Alzheimer disease pathology). CONCLUSION: In chronic liver failure, manganese accumulation is responsible for the pallidal MRI T1 hyperintensity. Pallidal copper was also elevated in affected cases, but copper does not have the paramagnetic properties to generate isolated T1 hyperintensity. Basal ganglia manganese or copper accumulation may be responsible for the parkinsonism sometimes seen in chronic liver failure. Pallidal MRI T1 hyperintensity is a biomarker of manganese overload.


Asunto(s)
Globo Pálido/química , Fallo Hepático/metabolismo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Metales Pesados/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica , Cobre/análisis , Cobre/metabolismo , Femenino , Globo Pálido/metabolismo , Globo Pálido/patología , Humanos , Fallo Hepático/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Manganeso/análisis , Manganeso/metabolismo , Metales Pesados/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema de Registros
8.
Neurology ; 64(12): 2033-9, 2005 Jun 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15888601

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Neurologic symptoms have been attributed to manganese fumes generated during welding. Increased T1 MRI signal in the basal ganglia is a biologic marker of manganese accumulation. Recent studies have associated welding and parkinsonism, but generally without MRI corroboration. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and neuropsychological features of patients with MRI basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity, who were ultimately diagnosed with neurotoxicity from welding fumes. METHODS: The medical records of welders referred to the Department of Neurology with neurologic problems and basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity were reviewed. RESULTS: All eight patients were male career welders with increased T1 basal ganglia signal on MRI of the brain. Several different clinical syndromes were recognized: a parkinsonian syndrome (three patients), a syndrome of multifocal myoclonus and limited cognitive impairment (two patients), a mixed syndrome with vestibular-auditory dysfunction (two patients), and minor subjective cognitive impairment, anxiety, and sleep apnea (one patient). Neuropsychometric testing suggested subcortical or frontal involvement. Inadequate ventilation or lack of personal respiratory protection during welding was a common theme. CONCLUSIONS: Welding without proper protection was associated with syndromes of parkinsonism, multifocal myoclonus, mild cognitive impairment, and vestibular-auditory dysfunction. The MRI T1 hyperintensity in the basal ganglia suggests that these may have been caused by manganese neurotoxicity.


Asunto(s)
Globo Pálido/patología , Intoxicación por Manganeso/complicaciones , Manganeso/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/etiología , Soldadura/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Terapia por Quelación , Trastornos del Conocimiento/inducido químicamente , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Globo Pálido/fisiopatología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Manganeso/sangre , Intoxicación por Manganeso/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Manganeso/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mioclonía/inducido químicamente , Mioclonía/diagnóstico , Mioclonía/fisiopatología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Exposición Profesional/prevención & control , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Resultado del Tratamiento , Enfermedades Vestibulares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Vestibulares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Vestibulares/fisiopatología
10.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 28(3): 305-9, 2001 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11536000

RESUMEN

POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) is a plasma cell dyscrasia that differs substantially from classic multiple myeloma. It is often associated with disabling polyneuropathy in younger patients. Current therapeutic approaches are frequently inadequate and leave many patients wheelchair-bound with significant deterioration in quality and length of life. We present the case of a young man with progressive disease despite conventional therapeutic approaches. We describe a novel approach to treatment with a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical, samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate ((153)Sm-EDTMP), followed by myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell reconstitution. This approach resulted in regression of the organomegaly and skin changes and in neurologic improvement both clinically and electrophysiologically. The patient progressed from being wheelchair-bound to independent ambulation. An aggressive approach should be considered in patients with POEMS syndrome in whom standard therapeutic measures fail.


Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Compuestos Organometálicos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organofosforados/administración & dosificación , Síndrome POEMS/terapia , Adulto , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Supervivencia de Injerto , Humanos , Masculino , Melfalán/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacocinética , Compuestos Organometálicos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos Organofosforados/farmacocinética , Compuestos Organofosforados/uso terapéutico , Calidad de Vida , Radiofármacos/administración & dosificación , Radiofármacos/farmacocinética , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del Tratamiento
11.
N Engl J Med ; 343(12): 847-55, 2000 Sep 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10995864

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy is a severe, subacute disorder with a presumed autoimmune basis. It is indistinguishable from the subacute autonomic neuropathy that may accompany lung cancer or other tumors. Autoantibodies specific for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia are potentially pathogenic and may serve as serologic markers of various forms of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy. METHODS: We tested serum from 157 patients with a variety of types of dysautonomia. Immunoprecipitation assays with iodine-125-labeled epibatidine and solubilized human neuroblastoma acetylcholine receptors were used to detect autoantibodies that bound to or blocked ganglionic receptors. RESULTS: Ganglionic-receptor-binding antibodies were found in 19 of 46 patients with idiopathic or paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy (41 percent), in 6 of 67 patients with postural tachycardia syndrome, idiopathic gastrointestinal dysmotility, or diabetic autonomic neuropathy (9 percent), and in none of 44 patients with other autonomic disorders. High levels of the binding antibodies correlated with more severe autonomic dysfunction (including the presence of tonic pupils). Levels of these antibodies decreased in patients who had clinical improvement. All seven patients with ganglionic-receptor-blocking antibodies had ganglionic-receptor-binding antibodies and had idiopathic or paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Seropositivity for antibodies that bind to or block ganglionic acetylcholine receptors identifies patients with various forms of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy and distinguishes these disorders from other types of dysautonomia. The positive correlation between high levels of ganglionic-receptor antibodies and the severity of autonomic dysfunction suggests that the antibodies have a pathogenic role in these types of neuropathy.


Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/inmunología , Ganglios Autónomos/inmunología , Receptores Nicotínicos/inmunología , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/clasificación , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Neuropatías Diabéticas/inmunología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Paraneoplásicos del Sistema Nervioso/inmunología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sudoración
12.
Mayo Clin Proc ; 75(8): 850-2, 2000 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10943242

RESUMEN

We describe a patient with a recurrent spinal cord ependymoma who initially presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure rather than symptoms directly relating to involvement of the conus medullaris. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium showed communicating hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the entire spinal cord with gadolinium revealed recurrent tumor. Postoperatively, a permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. Recognition of the association between spinal cord ependymoma and hydrocephalus is important in the evaluation of patients with headache.


Asunto(s)
Ependimoma/complicaciones , Ependimoma/diagnóstico , Cefalea/etiología , Hidrocefalia/etiología , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Neoplasias de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Anciano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Recurrencia
13.
Neurology ; 50(6): 1806-13, 1998 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9633732

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies specific for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of skeletal muscle (containing the alpha1 subunit) impair neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis (MG). AChRs mediating fast synaptic transmission through autonomic ganglia are structurally similar to muscle AChR, but contain the alpha3 subunit. We propose that ganglionic AChR autoimmunity may cause dysautonomia. OBJECTIVE: To test serum of patients with autonomic neuropathy for autoantibodies of neuronal ganglionic AChR specificity. METHODS: We developed an immunoprecipitation radioassay by complexing epibatidine (125I-labeled high affinity agonist) to a Triton X-100-solubilized AChR antigen from peripheral neuroblastoma membranes. Monoclonal rat immunoglobulins (IgG) specific for muscle or neuronal AChRs validated the assay's specificity. We tested serum from 52 healthy subjects, 12 patients with subacute autonomic neuropathy, and 248 patients with other neurologic disorders. RESULTS: Twelve patients had antibodies that bound unequivocally to ganglionic AChR. Five had subacute autonomic neuropathy, and three (of six tested) had Isaacs' syndrome; four of these eight had a carcinoma (lung, bladder, rectum, thyroid). The remaining four seropositive patients (two Lambert-Eaton syndrome, one dementia, one sensory neuronopathy) all had Ca2+ channel antibodies and three had small cell lung carcinoma. No healthy subject had ganglionic AChR antibodies, nor did 62 patients with MG and muscle AChR antibodies. CONCLUSION: Neuronal AChR antibodies are a novel serologic marker of neurologic autoimmunity. The pathogenicity of neuronal AChR autoantibodies in autonomic neuropathy, Isaacs' syndrome, or other neurologic disorders remains to be shown, as has been demonstrated for muscle AChR antibodies in MG. An autoimmune and potentially paraneoplastic etiology is implicated in seropositive patients.


Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/análisis , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/inmunología , Neuronas/inmunología , Receptores Nicotínicos/inmunología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inmunología , Pruebas de Precipitina , Radioinmunoensayo/métodos , Ratas
14.
Neurology ; 47(1): 10-7, 1996 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8710060

RESUMEN

Cost-effective approaches for arriving at correct diagnoses should be used. Herein, we compare three approaches for the differential diagnosis of a common neurologic syndrome, peripheral neuropathy. In the "shotgun" approach, a standard battery of hematologic, biochemical, serologic, antibody, enzyme, molecular genetic, and other tests are ordered after the presence of a neuropathy is established, without a detailed characterization of the neuropathy. In the "gestalt" approach, the specific variety of neuropathy is identified by recognition of a clinical pattern of symptoms, course, or disease associations. The "10-step" approach, encompassing components of the two other methods and adding others, evolved from our assessment of many patients with peripheral neuropathy. In the 10-step approach, the history and neurologic examination place the patient's disorder into one of perhaps 21 anatomic-pathologic patterns. Next, electrophysiologic and other tests confirm the correctness of this anatomic-pathologic patterns. Finally, a series of evaluations exclude or include an increasingly shorter list of diagnoses until only one likely one remains or the disorder remains undiagnosed. We advocate the 10-step over the shotgun or gestalt approach, because it emphasizes careful initial characterization of neuropathy and emphasizes use of a logical step-by-step inclusion or exclusion to arrive at a short list of diagnostic possibilities. The approach depends ultimately on the judgement of adequately trained and experienced physicians, not on the results of single tests. The 10-step approach is not a mindless algorithm, leading inevitably to the correct diagnosis, but depends on judgment based on extensive background and neurobiologic and clinical knowledge and training.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Humanos
15.
Mayo Clin Proc ; 70(7): 617-22, 1995 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7791382

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a prospective study of the clinical characteristics of orthostatic intolerant patients referred to the Mayo Autonomic Reflex Laboratory with suspected orthostatic hypotension (OH). DESIGN: Autonomic function tests were performed to quantify the severity of sudomotor, adrenergic, and cardiovagal failure and generate a composite autonomic symptom score (CASS). CASS was related to a symptom score, which was derived from the frequency of orthostatic intolerance and syncope and the standing time until occurrence of symptoms. RESULTS: Three groups were defined by their response to a tilt study: group I, 90 patients with symptomatic OH, mean age, 63.6 years; group II, 60 patients who had symptoms without OH, mean age, 48.9 years; and group III, 5 patients with asymptomatic OH, mean age, 68.0 years. Group I had a significantly higher CASS (P < 0.001) than did those without OH. Further analysis was done on the 90 patients in group I. The most common symptoms were lightheadedness, weakness, impaired cognition, visual blurring, tremulousness, and vertigo. The most common aggravating factors were prolonged standing, exercise, warming, and eating. Most patients (75%) could stand for less than 5 minutes before symptoms occurred. Symptoms regressed significantly with CASS but not with the tilt grade. CONCLUSION: Patients with generalized autonomic failure have a recognizable pattern of symptoms and aggravating factors that relate, albeit imperfectly, to the severity of autonomic failure.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Hipotensión Ortostática/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipotensión Ortostática/diagnóstico , Hipotensión Ortostática/etiología , Masculino , Postura , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo
16.
J Auton Nerv Syst ; 50(2): 181-8, 1994 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7884158

RESUMEN

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by orthostatic dizziness, tremulousness, tachycardia and variable blood pressure changes. Since some POTS patients have a marked reduction in pulse pressure on standing, a major mechanism of their symptoms might be venous pooling. We therefore studied the cardiovascular response to head-up tilt, Valsalva maneuver and deep breathing in: control subjects (n = 11; F = 8; M = 3; 39.2 +/- 14.4 years); patients with orthostatic hypotension secondary to autonomic failure (n = 11; F = 9; M = 2; 61.7 +/- 13.0 years), and patients with POTS (n = 15); F = 13; M = 2; 32.3 +/- 10.6 years). Blood pressure was measured with a Finapres, and cardiac output, stroke volume, end-diastolic volume and thoracic impedance (TFI) were measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. During tilt (in contrast to patients with orthostatic hypotensiom), patients with POTS had excessive tachycardia (P < 0.001), a normal to excessive total peripheral resistance increase, and an exaggerated decrease in stroke volume (P < 0.001) and end-diastolic volume (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that sympathetic arteriolar function remains relatively intact but that sympathetic venomotor function is selectively impaired. These findings may have significant implications for the treatment of patients with POTS.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Hipotensión Ortostática/fisiopatología , Taquicardia/fisiopatología , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Gasto Cardíaco/fisiología , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Postura , Reflejo/fisiología , Maniobra de Valsalva
17.
Neurology ; 44(9): 1675-82, 1994 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7936295

RESUMEN

We evaluated the natural history, electrophysiologic characteristics, spectrum of autonomic involvement, pathology, and laboratory features in 27 patients with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy who were followed up for a mean of 32 months. The typical features of idiopathic autonomic neuropathy include the absence of an associated disease, frequent history of preceding infection, and acute or subacute onset with a monophasic course. The spectrum of autonomic involvement ranges from panautonomic to selective adrenergic or cholinergic failure. There is infrequent involvement of somatic nerve fibers as assessed by routine nerve conduction studies. Pathologic features include the presence of a small inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate in the epineurium. Recovery tends to be gradual and frequently incomplete. The acute onset, frequent antecedent viral infection, selectivity of involvement by fiber type and autonomic level, and presence of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration suggest that the underlying mechanism is likely to be immune-mediated. These observations may justify plasma exchange or other immunosuppressive modalities as early therapeutic intervention in patients with progressive disability.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/patología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/terapia , Regulación de la Temperatura Corporal , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
18.
Muscle Nerve ; 15(6): 661-5, 1992 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1324425

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sweating and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with distal small fiber neuropathy (DSFN). Sweat testing by the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test was abnormal in 32 of 40 (80%) patients. The thermoregulatory sweat test was abnormal in 18 of 25 (72%) patients; one or both tests were abnormal in 36 of 40 (90%). Minor heart rate abnormalities were present in 11 of 40 (28%) patients. We conclude that, in patients with DSFN: (a) the sympathetic sudomotor fibers are frequently affected, and that evaluation of sweating is a useful diagnostic test; (b) that the autonomic nerves controlling heart rate are less affected.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/diagnóstico , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Hipotensión Ortostática/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Reflejo Anormal/fisiología , Sudoración/fisiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fibras Nerviosas/fisiología , Parestesia/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , Maniobra de Valsalva/fisiología
19.
Neurology ; 41(7): 1010-4, 1991 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1648678

RESUMEN

We performed infrared telethermography in 55 patients with the clinical diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy and in 37 normal controls. Five readers interpreted the thermograms in a blinded fashion. A moderate degree of agreement was noted in tests of intraobserver and interobserver variability. The sensitivity of thermography ranged from 78% to 94% compared with 81% to 92% for imaging studies and 77% for EMG. The specificity of thermography ranged from 20% to 44%. Thermography predicted the level of the radiculopathy correctly in less than 50% of cases. Thermography has little or no utility in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculopathy.


Asunto(s)
Raíces Nerviosas Espinales , Termografía , Adulto , Anciano , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Región Lumbosacra , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
20.
Clin Auton Res ; 1(2): 147-55, 1991 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1822762

RESUMEN

We reviewed the clinical and autonomic features of all patients with extrapyramidal and cerebellar disorders studied in the Mayo Autonomic Reflex Laboratory from 1983 to 1989. Patients were grouped into the following categories (number in parentheses): Parkinson's disease (35); parkinsonism-plus (54); multiple system atrophy (75); hereditary multisystem degenerations (eleven); progressive supranuclear palsy (32); non-familial cerebellar degeneration (eleven); nonspecific sporadic multisystem degeneration (73). Severe autonomic failure occurred in 97% of patients with multiple system atrophy and 53% of the nonspecific sporadic multisystem degeneration patients respectively. Autonomic involvement was mild or absent in Parkinson's disease while parkinsonism-plus and non-familial cerebellar degeneration patients had moderate autonomic failure. Orthostatic blood pressure reduction, percentage of anhidrosis on thermoregulatory sweat test, quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, forearm response and heart rate response to deep breathing strongly regressed with severity. A response to levodopa treatment in patients with parkinsonism was more likely if cerebellar signs and cognitive deficits were absent. The presence of levodopa induced dyskinesia was also a marker for a clinically favourable levodopa response. We conclude that there is a spectrum of autonomic involvement in these degenerative disorders and that autonomic studies are useful in separating them and monitoring their course.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Ganglios Basales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Reflejo/fisiología , Síndrome de Shy-Drager/fisiopatología , Parálisis Supranuclear Progresiva/fisiopatología , Maniobra de Valsalva
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA