RESUMEN

Background: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) can be activated by interleukin (IL)-33 or IL-25. IL-25-activated ILC2 cells help protect the host against helminth infection while exacerbating allergic-like inflammation and tissue damage in the lung. In the context of cancer, IL-33-activated ILC2 cells were found to bear anti-tumoral functions in lung cancer while IL-25-activated ILC2 cells promoted tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. The role of IL-25-activated ILC2 cells in lung cancer remains to be addressed. Methods: We examined the overall survival of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients according to IL25 expression as well as the distribution of ILC2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in various NSCLC patient tissues and peripheral blood (PB) of healthy donors (HDs). We analyzed the effect of adoptive transfer of IL-25-activated ILC2 cells on tumor growth, metastasis and survival in a heterotopic murine model of lung cancer. Results: We report that human NSCLC patients with high IL-25 expression have reduced overall survival. Moreover, NSCLC patients bear increased frequencies of ILC2s compared to HDs. Frequencies of Tregs were also increased in NSCLC patients, concomitantly with ILC2s. In mice bearing heterotopic lung cancer, adoptive transfer of IL-25-activated ILC2s led to increased tumor growth, increased metastasis and reduced survival. The frequencies of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) were found to be increased in the tumors of mice that received ILC2s as compared to controls. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that the IL-25/ILC2 axis promotes lung cancer potentially by recruiting immune-suppressive cells to the tumors both in humans and in mice, and that it may therefore represent a suitable novel target for NSCLC immunotherapeutic development.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Inmunidad Innata , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Linfocitos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Although the first cancer immunotherapy was given in the clinic more than a century ago, this line of treatment has remained more of a distant goal than a practical therapy due to limited understanding of the tumour microenvironment and the mechanisms at play within it, which led to failures of numerous clinical trials. However, in the last two decades, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and provided proof-of-concept that immunotherapies are a viable option. So far, immunotherapies have majoritarily focused on utilizing T cells; however, T cells are not autonomous but rather function as part of, and therefore are influenced by, a vast cast of other immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we summarize the role of ILCs, especially helper ILCs, in tumour development, progression and metastasis, as well as their potential to be used as immunotherapy for cancer. By reviewing the studies that used helper ILCs as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), we highlight the rationale behind considering these cells as novel ACT for cancer as well as identify open questions and areas for future research.

Asunto(s)

Linfocitos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Neoplasias/patología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Inmunoterapia , Microambiente Tumoral

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The 24-question Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) is a proxy measure assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS). There exists an increasing need to assess HRQoL through a child's own perspective, particularly for older children and adolescents with EOS. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a self-reported questionnaire, the Early-Onset Scoliosis Self-Report Questionnaire (EOSQ-SELF), to assess HRQoL in older children and adolescents with EOS. METHODS: A literature review, an expert focus group, and patient interviews were used to generate a preliminary survey of appropriate domains and question items. This survey was provided to English-speaking patients with EOS who were 8 to 18 years of age and capable of answering survey questions. Content validity was assessed for clarity and relevance of questions. Confirmatory factors analysis was performed to reduce the number of items and determine domains that fit items. Reliability was evaluated by measuring the internal consistency of items and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was evaluated by convergent, discriminant, and known-group validity. RESULTS: The literature review, expert focus group, and patient interviews identified 59 questions in 14 domains. Psychometric analysis reduced these to 30 questions across 12 domains: General Health, Pain/Discomfort, Pulmonary Function, Transfer, Physical Function/Daily Living, Participation, Fatigue/Energy Level, Sleep, Appearance, Relationships, Emotion, and Satisfaction. The final questionnaire was found to have good content and construct validity and adequate reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The EOSQ-SELF is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring self-reported HRQoL among older children and adolescents with EOS (ages 8 to 18 years). This will serve as an important research outcome measure and enhance clinical care by providing a better understanding of HRQoL for these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Asunto(s)

Calidad de Vida , Escoliosis , Adolescente , Niño , Fatiga , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Escoliosis/diagnóstico , Escoliosis/psicología , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) teams address unmet needs and improve the quality of life of patients with life-limiting conditions across pediatric subspecialties. However, little is known about the timing, reasons, and nature of PPC team interventions in advanced heart diseases (AHD). OBJECTIVES: Here we describe how, when, and why PPC teams interact with referred teams of children suffering from AHD. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective nationwide survey among PPC teams in France. All patients referred to participating PPC teams for a cardiologic disease in 2019 were studied. RESULTS: Among six PPC teams, 18 patients with AHD had a PPC consultation in 2019. Six of these patients had cardiomyopathy and 12 had congenital heart disease (CHD). The median age at referral was 0.9 months for CHD and 72 months for cardiomyopathy. An antenatal diagnosis had been made for six families with CHD, and two of them were referred to PPC before birth allowing for a prenatal palliative care plan. The main reason for referral was ethical considerations (50%) followed by organization for home-based palliative care (28%). PPC teams participated in ethical discussions when asked to but also provided family support (12/18), home-based PPC (9/18), coordination of care (5/18), support of the referred team (4/18), and symptoms management (3/18) CONCLUSION: The main reason for referral to PPC was ethical considerations, but PPC interventions followed a holistic model of care. Prospective outcomes measurement and partnerships should be further developed.

Asunto(s)

Cardiopatías/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Cardiopatías/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Pediatría/métodos , Pediatría/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

We report the case of an 18-month-old infant with severe serotype 3 adenovirus pneumonia, exceptionally associated with hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment included cidofovir and mechanical ventilation for 13 days. The child developed chronic respiratory insufficiency due to bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Bronquiectasia/virología , Bronquiolitis Obliterante/virología , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/virología , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/virología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/complicaciones , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/terapia , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Bronquiectasia/diagnóstico , Bronquiectasia/terapia , Bronquiolitis Obliterante/diagnóstico , Bronquiolitis Obliterante/terapia , Enfermedad Crónica , Cidofovir/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactante , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/diagnóstico , Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica/terapia , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/terapia , Respiración Artificial , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Neuroimaging plays an important role in assessing axonal pathology after traumatic spinal cord injury. However, coexisting inflammation confounds imaging assessment of the severity of axonal injury. Herein, we applied diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to quantitatively differentiate and quantify underlying pathologies in traumatic spinal cord injury at 3 days post-injury. Results reveal that DBSI was capable of detecting and differentiating axonal injury, demyelination, and inflammation-associated edema and cell infiltration in contusion-injured spinal cords. DBSI was able to detect and quantify axonal loss in the presence of white matter tract swelling. The DBSI-defined apparent axonal volume correlated with the corresponding histological markers. DBSI-derived pathological metrics could serve as neuroimaging biomarkers to differentiate and quantify coexisting white matter pathologies in spinal cord injury, providing potential surrogate outcome measures to assess spinal cord injury progression and response to therapies.

Asunto(s)

Axones/patología , Edema/patología , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/patología , Vértebras Torácicas/lesiones , Animales , Recuento de Células/métodos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Edema/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema/etiología , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/complicaciones , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

Background Mindfulness is a state of nonjudgmental attentiveness to moment-to-moment experiences. Interest in implementing mindfulness-based interventions is growing. Objective We investigated the benefit of a short mindfulness exercise for mindfulness novices in a performance situation. Method Participants ( N = 97) engaged in a mindfulness or relaxation exercise and subsequently worked on an achievement test. Results Participants in the mindfulness condition had fewer distracting evaluative thoughts during and experienced less negative affect after the achievement test. Participants also exerted less self-control (vagal withdrawal measured via heart rate variability) during the mindfulness exercise than on the relaxation exercise. In a subsample ( n = 84), selected on the basis of serious involvement in the exercise, mindfulness eliminated the negative association between distracting evaluative thoughts and performance. Furthermore, beneficial effects of mindfulness on distractive thoughts were found for participants low but not high in trait mindfulness. The mindfulness exercise did not influence performance. Conclusion In performance contexts, even brief mindfulness exercises may have beneficial effects for mindfulness novices and people low in trait mindfulness.

Asunto(s)

Afecto/fisiología , Atención/fisiología , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Atención Plena/métodos , Personalidad/fisiología , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Autocontrol , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Inadequate dispersion of nanomaterials is a critical issue that significantly limits the potential properties of nanocomposites and when overcome, will enable further enhancement of material properties. The most common methods used to improve dispersion include surface functionalization, surfactants, polymer wrapping, and sonication. Although these approaches have proven effective, they often achieve dispersion by altering the surface or structure of the nanomaterial and ultimately, their intrinsic properties. Co-solvents are commonly utilized in the polymer, paint, and art conservation industries to selectively dissolve materials. These co-solvents are utilized based on thermodynamic interaction parameters and are chosen so that the original materials are not affected. The same concept was applied to enhance the dispersion of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to facilitate the fabrication of BNNT nanocomposites. Of the solvents tested, dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exhibited the most stable, uniform dispersion of BNNTs, followed by N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Utilizing the known Hansen solubility parameters of these solvents in comparison to the BNNT dispersion state, a region of good solubility was proposed. This solubility region was used to identify co-solvent systems that led to improved BNNT dispersion in poor solvents such as toluene, hexane, and ethanol. Incorporating the data from the co-solvent studies further refined the proposed solubility region. From this region, the Hansen solubility parameters for BNNTs are thought to lie at the midpoint of the solubility sphere: 16.8, 10.7, and 9.0 MPa(1/2) for δd, δp, and δh, respectively, with a calculated Hildebrand parameter of 21.8 MPa(1/2).

RESUMEN

When confronted with food, restrained eaters have to inhibit the pursuit of the short-term goal of enjoying their food for the sake of the long-term goal of controlling their weight. Thus, restrained eating creates a self-control situation. In the present study we investigated the initiation of effortful self-control by food cues in accordance with the level of restrained eating. We expected that a preceding act of self-control would moderate the association between restrained eating and effortful self-control initiated by food cues. Participants (N=111) were randomly assigned to a task requiring self-control or a task not requiring self-control. Subsequently, participants were exposed to palatable food, and effortful self-control was measured via heart rate variability (HRV). Restrained eating was associated with enhanced HRV during food exposure after exercising self-control but not after not exercising self-control. The results indicate that maintaining dieting goals results in food cues initiating effortful self-control after a preceding act of self-control. We suggest considering the effect of acts of self-control when modeling the initial steps on the path from food cues to unsuccessful restrained eating.

Asunto(s)

Conducta Alimentaria , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Autocontrol , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Señales (Psicología) , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ingestión de Energía , Fatiga , Femenino , Humanos , Hambre , Masculino , Cooperación del Paciente , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

In this article, we propose a new ability approach to reappraisal that focuses on individual differences in the ability to spontaneously generate different reappraisals for critical situations. Adopting concepts from the realms of creativity and divergent thinking, we developed the Reappraisal Inventiveness Test (RIT) to measure a person's fluency and flexibility in inventing as many categorically different reappraisals for an anger-eliciting situation as possible within a limited period of time. The results of two studies in which we examined the psychometric characteristics of the RIT provided evidence that the RIT produces reliable test scores. The construct validity of the RIT was confirmed by positive associations of reappraisal inventiveness with openness to experience and tests that measure divergent thinking. Moreover, RIT performance proved to be unrelated to the self-reported habitual use of reappraisal, indicating differences between ability tests and self-report measures. RIT performance was not significantly related to Neuroticism or to trait anger. In our view, this points to the notion that effective emotion regulation is a function of both the ability and the motivation to act upon one's ability to generate reappraisals for critical situations.

Asunto(s)

Ira , Creatividad , Pruebas Psicológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Pensamiento , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Individualidad , Masculino , Neuroticismo , Personalidad , Inventario de Personalidad , Psicometría , Autoinforme , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

The polyvagal theory (Porges, 2007) represents a biobehavioral model that relates autonomic functioning to self-regulation and social engagement. The aim of the two presented studies was to test the proposed association of cardiac vagal tone (CVT), assessed via resting high-frequency heart rate variability (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA), with coping, emotion-regulation, and social engagement in young adults. In Study 1 (retrospective self-report), RSA was positively associated with engagement coping (situation control, response control, positive self-instructions, social-support seeking) and aspects of social well-being. In Study 2 (ecological momentary assessment), for 28 days following the initial assessment, RSA predicted less use of disengagement strategies (acceptance and avoidance) for regulating negative emotions and more use of socially adaptive emotion-regulation strategies (i.e., social-support seeking as a reaction to sadness and making a concession as a reaction to anger caused by others). Furthermore, RSA was higher in participants who reported no anger episodes compared to those who reported at least one anger episode and was positively associated with reported episodes of negative emotions. Results support the association proposed by the PVT between CVT and self-regulatory behavior, which promotes social bonds.

Asunto(s)

Adaptación Psicológica , Emociones/fisiología , Corazón/fisiología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Controles Informales de la Sociedad , Nervio Vago/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

A portable instrument for oxygen determination, based on the quenching of phosphorescent octaethylporphyrin by gaseous O(2), has been developed using the fluorimetric paired emitter-detector diode technique (FPEDD). The instrument configuration consists of two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) facing each other, with an interchangeable support containing a phosphorescent membrane in between, in which one of the LEDs is used as the light source (emitter LED) and the other, working in reverse bias mode, as the light detector. The feasibility of using a LED as a luminescence detector is studied. Its small size enables integration of the instrument into a portable measurement system. A systematic study of the system capabilities as a portable instrument was performed to optimize range, sensitivity, short term and long term stability, dynamic behaviour, effect of temperature and humidity, and temporal drift.

RESUMEN

A new system for CO(2) measurement (0-100%) based on a paired emitter-detector diode arrangement as a colorimetric detection system is described. Two different configurations were tested: configuration 1 (an opposite side configuration) where a secondary inner-filter effect accounts for CO(2) sensitivity. This configuration involves the absorption of the phosphorescence emitted from a CO(2)-insensitive luminophore by an acid-base indicator and configuration 2 wherein the membrane containing the luminophore is removed, simplifying the sensing membrane that now only contains the acid-base indicator. In addition, two different instrumental configurations have been studied, using a paired emitter-detector diode system, consisting of two LEDs wherein one is used as the light source (emitter) and the other is used in reverse bias mode as the light detector. The first configuration uses a green LED as emitter and a red LED as detector, whereas in the second case two identical red LEDs are used as emitter and detector. The system was characterised in terms of sensitivity, dynamic response, reproducibility, stability and temperature influence. We found that configuration 2 presented a better CO(2) response in terms of sensitivity.

Asunto(s)

Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Colorimetría/métodos , Gases/química , Colorimetría/instrumentación , Luz

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Disruption of the enteric glial cell (EGC) network is an early pathologic feature in Crohn's disease. To determine the contribution of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to the breakdown of the EGC network, we studied specific autoimmune targeting of an ectopic antigen expressed by EGCs. METHODS: Transgenic mice (GFAP-HA), which express the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in EGCs, were either crossed with mice transgenic for a T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitope of HA (CL4-TCR) or were adoptively transferred with conventional CL4 T cells. These were compared with GFAP-HA mice transferred with conventional T cells specific for an MHC class II epitope of HA (6.5). RESULTS: Both CD8 and CD4 T-cell subtypes were activated in vivo in an antigen-specific manner; however, they differed substantially in their ability to expand in the mesenteric lymph nodes, trigger proinflammatory cytokines, and induce autoimmune damage in the intestine. Direct presentation of antigen, provided by lymph node stromal cells, caused the activation and deletion of CD8 T cells. This mechanism of T-cell tolerance did not affect CD4 T cells, which produced antigen-specific lethal autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations support a recently identified mechanism of peripheral T-cell tolerance that specifically protects against autoimmunity mediated by conventional CD8 T cells. Furthermore, we show that conventional CD4 T cells are not affected by this mechanism of tolerance, and their targeting of EGCs produces lethal intestinal autoimmunity.

Asunto(s)

Autoinmunidad/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Enteritis/inmunología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Células del Estroma/inmunología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Enteritis/patología , Citometría de Flujo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genes MHC Clase I , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/biosíntesis , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase I/genética , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Activación de Linfocitos , Mesenterio , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Transgénicos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Menor , ARN/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Células del Estroma/patología

RESUMEN

Core percolation and maximum independent set on random graphs have recently been characterized using the methods of statistical physics. Here we present a statistical physics study of these problems on bond diluted triangular lattices. Core percolation critical behavior is found to be consistent with the standard percolation values, though there are strong finite size effects. A transfer matrix method is developed and applied to find accurate values of the density and degeneracy of the maximum independent set on lattices of limited width but large length. An extrapolation of these results to the infinite lattice limit yields high precision results, which are tabulated. These results are compared to results found using both vertex based and edge based local probability recursion algorithms, which have proven useful in the analysis of hard computational problems, such as the satisfiability problem.

RESUMEN

DSM-IV's classification of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is controversial. Whereas BDD is classified as a somatoform disorder, its delusional variant is classified as a psychotic disorder. However, the relationship between these BDD variants has received little investigation. In this study, we compared BDD's delusional and nondelusional variants in 191 subjects using reliable and valid measures that assessed a variety of domains. Subjects with delusional BDD were similar to those with nondelusional BDD in terms of most variables, including most demographic features, BDD characteristics, most measures of functional impairment and quality of life, comorbidity, and family history. Delusional and nondelusional subjects also had a similar probability of remitting from BDD over 1 year of prospective follow-up. However, delusional subjects had significantly lower educational attainment, were more likely to have attempted suicide, had poorer social functioning on several measures, were more likely to have drug abuse or dependence, were less likely to currently be receiving mental health treatment, and had more severe BDD symptoms. However, when controlling for BDD symptom severity, the two groups differed only in terms of educational attainment. These findings indicate that BDD's delusional and nondelusional forms have many more similarities than differences, although on several measures delusional subjects evidenced greater morbidity, which appeared accounted for by their more severe BDD symptoms. Thus, these findings offer some support for the hypothesis that these two BDD variants may constitute the same disorder. Additional studies are needed to examine this issue, which may have relevance for other disorders with both delusional and nondelusional variants in DSM.

Asunto(s)

Deluciones/epidemiología , Trastornos Somatomorfos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Somatomorfos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Cultura , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/etiología , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Trastornos Somatomorfos/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common chronic condition among women. Treatment of UI can involve behavioral techniques, pharmacological strategies, or surgical intervention. Clinically, treatment strategies should start with the simplest and least invasive measures. To overcome the deficiencies in previous research and provide definitive information for clinical practice, a randomized clinical trial is currently underway. This clinical trial uses a pretest-posttest design to first determine the effectiveness of self-monitoring techniques before subjects are randomized into one of two treatment groups or an attentional control group with a 1-year followup. The study design, sampling plan, and interventions used in an ongoing clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of self-monitoring and efficacy of biofeedback to treat UI in women are described. Innovative techniques to assess adherence to the pelvic muscle exercise protocol are addressed.

Asunto(s)

Biorretroalimentación Psicológica/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Diafragma Pélvico , Autocuidado/métodos , Incontinencia Urinaria/rehabilitación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Anamnesis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Monitoreo Fisiológico/enfermería , Monitoreo Fisiológico/psicología , North Carolina , Evaluación en Enfermería , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería , Cooperación del Paciente , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Examen Físico , Proyectos de Investigación , Autocuidado/psicología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Incontinencia Urinaria/diagnóstico , Incontinencia Urinaria/psicología

RESUMEN

In conjunction with a large expansion project, a team of perioperative staff members reviewed their workflow processes and designed their ideal patient tracking and communication system. Technologies selected and deployed included a passive infrared tracking system, an enhanced nurse call system, wireless telephones, and a web-based electronic grease board. The new system provides staff members with an easy way to obtain critical pieces of patient information, as well as track the progress of patients and locate equipment.

Asunto(s)

Redes de Comunicación de Computadores/instrumentación , Sistemas de Información en Quirófanos , Quirófanos/organización & administración , Enfermería Perioperatoria/organización & administración , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/organización & administración , Humanos , Informática Aplicada a la Enfermería , Quirófanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Oregon , Sistemas de Identificación de Pacientes , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Tecnología

RESUMEN

We have investigated the contribution of the tight junction (TJ) transmembrane protein junction-adhesion-molecule 1 (JAM-1) to trophectoderm epithelial differentiation in the mouse embryo. JAM-1-encoding mRNA is expressed early from the embryonic genome and is detectable as protein from the eight-cell stage. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis of staged embryos and synchronized cell clusters revealed JAM-1 recruitment to cell contact sites occurred predominantly during the first hour after division to the eight-cell stage, earlier than any other TJ protein analysed to date in this model and before E-cadherin adhesion and cell polarization. During embryo compaction later in the fourth cell cycle, JAM-1 localized transiently yet precisely to the apical microvillous pole, where protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) and PKCdelta are also found, indicating a role in cell surface reorganization and polarization. Subsequently, in morulae and blastocysts, JAM-1 is distributed ubiquitously at cell contact sites within the embryo but is concentrated within the trophectoderm apicolateral junctional complex, a pattern resembling that of E-cadherin and nectin-2. However, treatment of embryos with anti-JAM-1-neutralizing antibodies indicated that JAM-1 did not contribute to global embryo compaction and adhesion but rather regulated the timing of blastocoel cavity formation dependent upon establishment of the trophectoderm TJ paracellular seal.

Asunto(s)

Blastocisto/fisiología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/fisiología , Uniones Adherentes/metabolismo , Animales , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular/fisiología , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular/genética , Polaridad Celular/fisiología , Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Células Epiteliales/citología , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Microvellosidades/metabolismo , Microvellosidades/ultraestructura , Nectinas , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Superficie Celular/genética

RESUMEN

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by brain deformations resulting in the pathophysiological activation of cellular cascades which produce delayed cell damage and death. Understanding the consequences of mechanical injuries on living brain tissue continues to be a significant challenge. We have developed a reproducible tissue culture model of TBI which employs organotypic brain slice cultures to study the relationship between mechanical stimuli and the resultant biological response of living brain tissue. The device allows for the independent control of tissue strain (up to 100%) and strain rate (up to 150 s-1) so that tolerance criteria at the tissue level can be developed for the interpretation of computational simulations. The application of texture correlation image analysis algorithms to high speed video of the dynamic deformation allows for the direct calculation of substrate strain and strain rate which was found to be equi-biaxial and independent of radial position. Precisely controlled, mechanical injuries were applied to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, and resultant cell death was quantified. Cell death was found to be dependent on both strain magnitude and rate and required several days to develop. An immunohistological examination of injured cultures with antibodies to amyloid precursor protein revealed the presence of traumatic axonal injury, suggesting that the model closely replicates in vivo TBI but with advantages gained in vitro. We anticipate that a combined in vitro approach with optical strain mapping will provide a more detailed understanding of the dependence of brain cell injury and death on strain and strain rate.