RESUMEN
The aim of this study was the fabrication and evaluation of a novel bioactive and bactericidal material, which could have applications in dentistry by supporting tissue regeneration and killing oral bacteria. Our hypothesis was that a new scaffold for pulp-dentin tissue engineering with enhanced antibacterial activity could be obtained by associating extracellular matrix derived from porcine bladder with an antibacterial bioactive glass. Our study combines in vitro approaches and ectopic implantation in scid mice. The novel material was fabricated by incorporating a sol-gel derived silver (Ag)-doped bioactive glass (BG) in a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel in ratio 1:1 in weight % (Ag-BG/ECM). The biological properties of the Ag-BG/ECM were evaluated in culture with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In particular, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, stem cells markers profile, and cell differentiation potential were studied. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei was measured. Moreover, the capability of the material to enhance pulp/dentin regeneration in vivo was also evaluated. Our data show that Ag-BG/ECM significantly enhances DPSCs' proliferation, it does not affect cell morphology and stem cells markers profile, protects cells from apoptosis, and enhances in vitro cell differentiation and mineralisation potential as well as in vivo dentin formation. Furthermore, Ag-BG/ECM strongly inhibits S. mutans and L. casei growth suggesting that the new material has also anti-bacterial properties. This study provides foundation for future clinical applications in dentistry. It could potentially advance the currently available options of dental regenerative materials.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Matriz Extracelular/química , Vidrio/química , Plata/química , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , 5'-Nucleotidasa/metabolismo , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Pulpa Dental/citología , Odontología/métodos , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato , Ratones Desnudos , Ratones SCID , Microscopía Fluorescente , Odontogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Odontogénesis/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Células Madre/metabolismo , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido/químicaRESUMEN
The basement membrane complex (BMC) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports and facilitates the growth of cells. This study investigates four detergents commonly used in the process of tissue decellularization and their effect upon the BMC. The BMC of porcine urinary bladder was subjected to 3% Triton-X 100, 8mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), 4% sodium deoxycholate or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 24h. The BMC structure for each treatment group was assessed by immunolabeling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the fiber network. The composition was assessed by quantification of dsDNA, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen content. The results showed that collagen fibers within samples treated with 1% SDS and 8mM CHAPS were denatured, and the ECM contained fewer GAG compared with samples treated with 3% Triton X-100 or 4% sodium deoxycholate. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were seeded onto each BMC and cultured for 7 days. Cell-ECM interactions were investigated by immunolabeling for integrin ß-1, SEM imaging and semi-quantitative assessment of cellular infiltration, phenotype and confluence. HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 3% Triton X-100 were more confluent and had a normal phenotype compared with HMEC cultured on a BMC treated with 4% sodium deoxycholate, 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS. Both 8mM CHAPS and 1% SDS damaged the BMC to the extent that seeded HMEC were able to infiltrate the damaged sub-basement membrane tissue, showed decreased confluence and an atypical phenotype. The choice of detergents used for tissue decellularization can have a marked effect upon the integrity of the BMC of the resultant bioscaffold.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Detergentes/farmacología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Membrana Basal/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Basal/ultraestructura , Colágeno/metabolismo , ADN/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/citología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/ultraestructura , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Integrina beta1/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Microvasos/citología , Coloración y Etiquetado , Sus scrofaAsunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Bachillerato en Enfermería/métodos , Reentrenamiento en Educación Profesional/métodos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Inventario de Personalidad , Política , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Humanos , Rol de la Enfermera , Poder Psicológico , Teoría Psicológica , AutoeficaciaRESUMEN
The Rural Elderly Enhancement Project was a nurse-initiated grant funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and administered by an urban school of nursing. The major purpose of the nine-year grant was the development of a model of community participation and empowerment. An informal evaluation was conducted to assess the communities' perception of the project and to determine the sustainability of the project's initiatives. A random sample of individuals from community agencies, schools, and churches were interviewed by six senior baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in a community nursing course. Results demonstrated that the communities had a very positive view of the project and that many project initiatives were sustained and have expanded.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Comunidad-Institución , Bachillerato en Enfermería , Organización de la Financiación , Servicios de Salud para Ancianos/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Rural/organización & administración , Anciano , Alabama , Humanos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Facultades de EnfermeríaAsunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Curriculum/normas , Bachillerato en Enfermería/normas , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Empatía , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Teoría de Enfermería , Filosofía en Enfermería , Psicología Educacional , EscrituraRESUMEN
Many students report that sex and sexuality education is, at best, inappropriate and, at worst, nonexistent. Alarming statistics for teen pregnancy and a high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases support the need for education and intervention targeted at a young audience. The traditional approach, to incorporate sex education into health education classes taught by schoolteachers, can be difficult to accomplish in rural school settings where adequate financial resources and community involvement are lacking. Through a partnership funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, a collaborative approach was used in two rural Southeastern communities to deliver a program of sex education to students in fourth through sixth grades. The program united the efforts of community leaders, the school administration, parents, and students and faculty of a university school of nursing.
Asunto(s)
Participación de la Comunidad , Conducta Cooperativa , Práctica del Docente de Enfermería/organización & administración , Padres , Servicios de Salud Rural/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud Escolar/organización & administración , Educación Sexual/organización & administración , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Niño , Humanos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Apoyo a la Investigación como AsuntoAsunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Desarrollo de Programa , Investigadores/educación , Investigadores/psicología , Adulto , Niño , Desarrollo Infantil , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica/organización & administración , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The screening and evaluation of astronaut candidates usually includes measures of cognitive and intellectual capacity. Questions of ceiling effects and discriminability when evaluating individuals assumed to be of above average intelligence should be considered. The current study examines ceiling effects and discriminability on IQ assessment between pilots vs. mission specialists and men vs. women in the selection of astronaut candidates. METHODS: IQ scores on 104 male and female Shuttle astronaut candidates as measured by the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB) were analyzed via factor analyses and tests of differences between genders, selection status, and job types. Total group, gender, and job type specificity and sensitivity and overall percent correctly classified were assessed on selected vs. unselected classification. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses failed to replicate the proposed factor configuration prompting reconfigured domain scores. Analyses of differences between gender, selection, and job categories found different results when using reconfigured IQ scores compared to the original formulation. The 10 subscales performed better than overall domain scores in sensitivity, specificity, and as significant predictors of individuals selected. Both versions of Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ scores performed similarly regarding sensitivity and specificity. The reconfigured scores were better predictors of selection. DISCUSSION: Evidence for sensitivity, specificity, and classification prediction was better for subscales than overall domain scores. Some consideration to using reconfigured domain scores should be given to increase instrument utility.
Asunto(s)
Astronautas , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Pruebas de Aptitud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Collaboration between the W.K. Kellogg Foundation and a school of nursing helped to meet health care and environmental needs of the residents in two rural counties burdened with poverty and illiteracy. This endeavor also affords the faculty and students in the school of nursing opportunities to work with underserved populations in rural areas. The project continues its community service through evolving programs.
Asunto(s)
Fundaciones , Relaciones Interinstitucionales , Salud Rural , Facultades de Enfermería , Escolaridad , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , PobrezaRESUMEN
A study was undertaken to identify the effect of insertion site, cannula size and brand type, blood, and unit setting on the life span of IVs in hospitalized infants. A comparative descriptive design was used to study 250 data sets gathered from charts of infants 12 months of age and under, in the NICU, PICU, and general pediatric units at a children's medical center in the Southwest. Analysis revealed no significant difference in life span of nonelectively discontinued IVs by insertion site, cannula size, or brand type. A statistical difference was found in the life span of IVs regarding blood infusion: IVs in which blood had infused lasted longer than those without blood products. A statistical difference in IV life span was also found between the unit settings, with a longer life span for IVs on the general pediatric units than for those on the NICU. Research-based knowledge about factors that influence the life span of IVs in infants could be helpful in making practice decisions and in parent teaching.
Asunto(s)
Cateterismo Periférico/enfermería , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentación , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica , Unidades Hospitalarias , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Investigación en Enfermería Clínica/organización & administración , Enfermería Neonatal , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermería Pediátrica , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica/educación , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Motivación , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/educación , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicologíaRESUMEN
In June, 1990, a workshop was put together at NASA/Johnson Space Center to address difficulties the astronauts were having in adjusting their wake and sleep schedule, both immediately before and during Space Shuttle missions. The workshop members, prominent investigators in human circadian research, developed a number of strategies by which astronauts could tackle the problem of circadian adaptation within the demanding timetable of a Space Shuttle mission. The strategies included both abrupt and gradual methods, and some approaches used artificial "very bright lights" to reset the physiologic circadian pacemaker. The strategies have since been operationally implemented on Space Shuttle flights, with good success. This is a report of the problems addressed by the workshop and its recommendations.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Ritmo Circadiano , Sueño , Vuelo Espacial , Vigilia , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Allergic responses to cefazolin occur in approximately 3% to 5% of patients. The responsibility of the health care professional includes developing an awareness that histamine release in varying degrees can occur with the administration of a variety of drugs utilized throughout the perioperative period. The authors discuss the cardiopulmonary manifestations resulting from the release of histamine during an allergic reaction. Differentiation of diagnosis of the causative agent, the effective treatment of the anaphylactic response during anesthesia, and preventive measures to reduce anesthesia morbidity are examined.
Asunto(s)
Anafilaxia , Cefazolina/efectos adversos , Hemodinámica , Anafilaxia/inducido químicamente , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/fisiopatología , Anafilaxia/terapia , Femenino , Histamina/fisiología , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
One hundred six astronaut applicants who had passed initial screening were evaluated for Axis I and Axis II DSM-III-R diagnoses using a structured psychiatric interview. Nine of 106 candidates (8.5%) met diagnostic criteria for six Axis I (including V-code), or Axis II disorders. The use of the NASA structured interview was effective in identifying past and present psychopathology in a group of highly motivated and healthy astronaut applicants. This was the first time that a structured interview had been used in such a setting for this purpose. The methodology described is applicable to any situation where the presence or history of psychopathology requires evaluation for job selection (e.g. pilot selection).
Asunto(s)
Entrevista Psicológica , Personal Militar , Determinación de la Personalidad , Pruebas Psicológicas , Medicina Aeroespacial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Viscosity of synovial fluid (SF) from 29 clinically normal horses was determined by use of a rotational cone and plate microviscosimeter. Total protein concentration in the SF of the 29 horses, as measured with a refractometer, was less than 2.5 g/dl. When the Coomassie brilliant blue test was used to determine total protein concentration in SF for 15 horses, the mean value was 1,088 mg/dl. Viscosity values at 60, 30, 12, 6, 3, and 1.5 revolutions/min (rpm) spindle speed were 4.41 +/- 1.54 centipoise (cp), 5.29 +/- 1.94 cp, 6.76 +/- 2.76 cp, 8.52 +/- 4.27 cp. 10.41 +/- 6.30 cp, and 13.07 +/- 9.05 cp, respectively. Synovial fluid viscosity increased with decreasing rpm and shear rate, but the shape of the curve for each horse fitted the asymptotic curve. The rotational cone and plate microviscosimeter was an accurate instrument in measuring SF viscosity at multiple rpm or shear rates in horses. The values obtained on clinically normal horses in this study will serve as a baseline for comparison in the evaluation of horses with joint disease.
Asunto(s)
Caballos/fisiología , Proteínas/análisis , Líquido Sinovial/química , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Valores de Referencia , ViscosidadRESUMEN
Between 1959 and 1987, the psychiatric evaluation of astronaut candidates evolved from a 30-h intensive examination evaluating applicants for psychopathology, and studying their performance under stress, to a 2-h clinical interview whose structure and contents were determined by the individual examiner. Evaluations done during these years applied both psychiatric (or, "select-out") criteria and psychological (or, "select-in") criteria. In an attempt to more rigorously define the psychiatric, "select-out" component, a standardized, semi-structured clinical interview was developed to identify the presence or history of psychiatric disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Ed. ("DSM-III"). A total of 117 astronaut applicants underwent this clinical interview as part of a comprehensive medical evaluation during a recent astronaut selection. Of the 117 applicants, 9 (7.7%) met DSM-III criteria for a variety of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses, including V-code diagnoses.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Aeroespacial , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Vuelo Espacial , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/clasificación , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Selección de Personal , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
The effects of 100 mg of phenytoin on the topographic distribution of augmenting/reducing (amplitude response/nonresponse to increases in stimulus intensity) of the visual N100 component of the event-related potential (ERP) were examined. In normal subjects, visual N100 augmenting is associated with impulsivity and attentional distraction. Effects of phenytoin on the topographic distributions of the P300 and slow-wave cognitive ERP components were also examined. Subjects counted the total number of light flashes presented at two highly discriminable but equiprobable intensities. Results indicated that phenytoin had a significant reducing effect on the intensity response of N100 at the vertex and anterior temporal electrode sites, and approached significance at the frontal pole. That is, at these loci N100 showed less of an increase in amplitude (or, in some subjects, more of a decrease) in going from baseline to drug than in going from baseline to placebo. Results also indicated that phenytoin significantly enhanced the amplitude of the frontal, negative portion of slow wave, but not the posterior, positive portion or the P300 component. These findings are consistent with behavioral evidence that phenytoin reduces impulsivity and improves concentration.