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AIM: The objective is to study clinical peculiarities, production of active oxygen forms and general antioxidant blood status in patients with community acquired pneumonia and in its combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 59 patients hospitalized in patient department took part in the study. The first group included 32 patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).The second group included 27 patients with combination of community acquired pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CAP+COPD). Symptoms of the disease, clinico-laboratory data and findings of the instrumental investigations were analyzed in the patients. Production of active oxygen forms (AOF) in the whole blood was studied. General antioxidant status (AOS) was analyzed in the blood serum. RESULTS: The values of prognostic CRB-65 scale and clinical index of the severity of the condition were higher in patients with CAP+COPD compared to the patients with CAP. The reduction of spontaneous and induced by pyrogenal chemiluminescence (ChL) of blood has been found in the patients; this fact indicates decreased production of AOF by the cells. In patients with CAP general AOS of the blood was found to be increased but in patients with CAP+COPD it was decreased. After the course of treatment in patients with CAP+COPD symptoms of the disease remained, the level of C-reactive protein in serum was high and the level of AOS of blood was low, disturbances in the AOF production were observed. CONCLUSION: In patients with CAP+COPD in comparison with CAP patients the intensity of clinical symptoms was higher, the inflammatory process had a prolonged character, disturbances in the production of AOF and AOS of blood were more marked.

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy ceruloplasmin (Cp) used in the combination therapy of patients with an asthma exacerbation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The trial included 37 asthmatic patients. Chemiluminescence (ChL) registration was used to study the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the patients' blood. Nineteen patients with asthma received conventional treatment. Cp was used as part of combination therapy in 18 asthmatic patients. RESULTS: ChL intensity was increased the blood of patients with an asthma exacerbation. Cp treatment resulted in a reduction in the generation of ROS in the blood and contributed to positive changes in the clinical symptoms of asthma. In the patients receiving conventional therapy, the high ChL intensity of blood was retained and the clinical symptoms of the disease reduced. CONCLUSION: The use of Cp in patients with an asthma exacerbation corrects free radical oxidation processes and enhances therapeutic effectiveness.

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AIM: To study the production of active oxygen forms (AOF) in the blood of patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the effect of the mycolytic agent Ambroxol on this process. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with an exacerbation of COPD were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) a study group (n = 25) received conventional therapy (antibiotics, bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids) and Ambroxol inhalation; 2) a control group (n = 27) had conventional therapy and placebo (saline) inhalation. The blood production of AOF was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) assay. RESULTS: The intensity of whole blood CL was increased in patients with COPD. Ambroxol therapy reduced blood AOF generation and improved clinical parameters. On the contrary, the high intensity of blood CL remained and a slowing trend in the symptoms of the disease was noted in the control group. CONCLUSION: The use of Ambroxol in COPD exacerbations corrected AOF production in the blood of the patients and enhanced the efficiency of their treatment.

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AIM: To study efficacy of leukocytic interferon--inferon in combined treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 57 COPD patients (mean age 61.2 +/- 1.04 years). Of them, 29 patients received standard treatment (antibiotics, broncholytics, mucolytics). Inferon was added to standard treatment of 28 patients. RESULTS: Standard treatment alone was not highly effective in COPD patients as the symptoms often persisted and immune status was deficient. Adjuvant inferon activated immunity and raised efficacy of COPD therapy. CONCLUSION: Inferon enhanced immunity in COPD patients and improved treatment results.

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AIM: To investigate action of intravascular laser blood irradiation (ILBI) on production of active oxygen forms (AOF) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 59 BA patients aged 20 to 60 years (mean age 40.2 +/- 3.1 years). AOF generation in whole blood was registered with luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL). Basic therapy was given to 42 patients. ILBI was added to basic therapy in 17 patients. RESULT: . CL of whole blood in BA patients depended on severity of inflammation. BA patients with intensive CL exposed to ILBI retained free radical oxidation defects and the disease symptoms. In low intensity of blood CL, ILBI activated A OF generation and raised treatment effectiveness. CONCLUSION: ILBI raises AOF production in the whole blood of BA patients. CL registration can be used for validation of ILBI administration in BA patients and control of effectiveness of laser therapy.

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The effect of laser radiation on generation of reactive oxygen species in the whole blood from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was studied by in vitro recording of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Laser irradiation of the blood from patients with increased production of reactive oxygen species decreased the microbicidal potential of cells. In patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and normal potential of cells, laser exposure increased production of O2 metabolites. Laser radiation had little effect on chemiluminescence of the blood in patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased functional activity of cells.

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Generation of active oxygen forms in whole blood was studied in 84 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (Chl) registration. Chl intensity depended on inflammatory process expression; groups of patients with high and low blood Chl (the 1st and the 2nd group, respectively) were distinguished. Enterosorption was used in complex therapy of 8 patients of the 1st group and 15 patients of the 2nd group. Indices of free radical oxidation and content of average molecular oligopeptides in blood serum normalized in the patients who took enterosorbent; the remission in these cases was more complete. The results of the study suggest that enterosorption increases effectiveness of treatment in patients with BA.

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AIM: To evaluate functional activity of the kidneys in patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases (NSPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Routine renal function tests, registration of iron-induced urine chemiluminescence (CL), estimation of middle-molecular oligopeptides in blood serum and urine were made in 22 patients with pneumonia, 18 patients with chronic non-obstructive bronchitis and 16 ones with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS: Urine CL was subnormal in all the patients. This CL intensity correlated with functional renal characteristics, negatively correlated with endotoxicosis severity. In a favourable course of the disease, CL intensity increased, renal function and content of middle-molecular oligopeptides in biological substrates normalized. In patients with lingering and chronic inflammation CL remained low, renal dysfunction and endotoxicosis persisted. CONCLUSION: Registration of iron-induced urine CL can be used for control over NSPD patients condition and efficacy of their treatment.

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Generation of active oxygen forms (AOF) in whole blood was studied in 63 patients with acute pneumonia and 72 asthmatics by chemiluminescence (CL) registration. CL intensity depended on the intensity of inflammatory process. Groups of patients with high and low blood CL were distinguished. In 35 patients intravascular laser exposure of the blood (ILEB) was added to therapeutic complexes. Disorders of free radical oxidation persisted for a long time in the majority of patients with high CL of the blood, treated by ILEB; in many cases the inflammatory process acquired a protracted pattern. By contrast, in patients with low intensity of blood CL, ILEB stimulated the generation of AOF and increased the treatment efficiency. Hence, whole blood CL can serve as a criterion of ILEB prescription and can be used for monitoring the patient's status during laser therapy.

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AIM: To study generation of active oxygen forms in the whole blood of patients with chronic bronchitis and correction of the detected disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: By means of registration of spontaneous and staphylococcus-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) of the whole blood, generation of active oxygen forms in 73 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) has been studied. RESULTS: By the intensity of luminescence, all the examinees were divided into two groups. In group 1 LDCL was high, in group 2 LDCL was under the control level. Combined treatment of group 1 patients included inhalations of ceruloplasmin antioxidant. Patients of group 2 were administered sodium hypochlorite that possesses prooxidation properties. Compared to conventional treatment, the above two treatments produced marked positive changes in the studied indices and clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: The method of chemiluminescence registration of the whole blood allows validation of pathogenetic therapy of patients with CB and improves outcomes of the treatment.

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The chemoluminescence test in 49 patients with lingering inflammatory chronic bronchitis has revealed inhibition of generation of active oxygen forms in the whole blood, intensification of lipid peroxidation in the serum, depression of local immunity. Administration of halotherapy to the above patients results in correction of disturbances of free-radical oxidation, improves local immunity and clinical course of the disease.

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Registration of luminol-dependent chemoluminescence of blood cells and iron-induced chemoluminescence of the serum was used to study generation of active oxygen forms and lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB). 49 patients with lingering CB showed inhibition of blood cell function and enhancement of lipid peroxidation. The addition of halotherapy to combined treatment of these patients promoted correction of the disorders and improvement of CB course.

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