RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Rhinoplasty can reduce nasal airways' resistance. This study evaluates the effects of rhinoplasty on sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 80 rhinoplasty candidates were examined before and six months after rhinoplasty to evaluate symptom changes. STOP-BANG, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires, and nocturnal polysomnography were used, respectively, to screen for OSA, assess sleep quality, assess daytime drowsiness, and confirm results. RESULTS: Seventeen men (21.2%) and 63 women (78.8%) were studied. PSQI results showed an increase only in post-operative sleep disturbance items (p = 0.04). STOP-BANG showed an increase in apnea (p = 0.06) and a decrease in snoring (p = 0.06), which were both insignificant. The polysomnography tests confirmed the results of the questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Contrary to popular belief, rhinoplasty does not increase snoring, sleep disorders, or apnea.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The molecular mechanism of bladder cancer is yet not fully understood. Aim of this study was to compare the levels of BLCA-4 nuclear matrix protein in the urine of patients with bladder cancer and non-affected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The current cross sectional study was conducted on 45 patients with bladder cancer and 45 patients without bladder cancer who were referred to Alzahra Hospital of Isfahan, Iran in 2017. BCLA-4 Urinary Marker was measured in urine of the patients and individuals. Also correlation between the urine levels of BCLA-4 and other variables were evaluated. RESULTS: The urine levels of BLCA-4 in the patients with bladder cancer was significantly higher than non-bladder cancer group (P<0.001). There was no significant relationship between urine levels of BLCA-4 with tumor stage and size (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study indicated that high urine levels of BLCA-4 was presented in patients with bladder cancer and this tumor marker has a high capability for early diagnosis of the disease, which can be used for screening and follow-up of bladder cancer.