RESUMEN
AIMS: Early diagnosis and treatment of depression are associated with better prognosis. We used baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2012-2015; ages 45-85 years) to examine differences in prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed depression (UD) between immigrants and non-immigrants at baseline and persistent and/or emerging depressive symptoms (DS) 18 months later. At this second time point, we also examined if a mental health care professional (MHCP) had been consulted. METHODS: We excluded individuals with any prior mood disorder and/or current anti-depressive medication use at baseline. UD was defined as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 score ⩾10. DS at 18 months were defined as Kessler 10 score ⩾19. The associations of interest were examined in multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Our study included 4382 immigrants and 18 620 non-immigrants. The mean age (standard deviation) in immigrants was 63 (10.3) years v. 65 (10.7) years in non-immigrants and 52.1% v. 57.1% were male. Among immigrants, 12.2% had UD at baseline of whom 34.2% had persistent DS 18 months later v. 10.6% and 31.4%, respectively, among non-immigrants. Female immigrants were more likely to have UD than female non-immigrants (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.80) but no difference observed for men. The risk of persistent DS and consulting an MHCP at 18 months did not differ between immigrants and non-immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: Female immigrants may particularly benefit from depression screening. Seeking mental health care in the context of DS should be encouraged.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Conducta de Búsqueda de Ayuda , Servicios de Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Canadá/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Most cancer treatments efficacy depends on tumor metastasis suppression, where tumor suppressor genes play an important role. Maspin (Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor), an non-inhibitory serpin has been reported as a potential tumor suppressor to influence cell migration, adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo experiments in last two decades. Lack of computational investigations hinders its ability to go through clinical trials. Previously, we reported first computational model for maspin effects on tumor growth using artificial neural network and cellular automata paradigm with in vitro data support. This paper extends the previous in silico model by encompassing how maspin influences cell migration and the cell-extracellular matrix interaction in subcellular level. A feedforward neural network was used to define each cell behavior (proliferation, quiescence, apoptosis) which followed a cell-cycle algorithm to show the microenvironment impacts over tumor growth. Furthermore, the model concentrates how the in silico experiments results can further confirm the fact that maspin reduces cell migration using specific in vitro data verification method. The data collected from in vitro and in silico experiments formulates an unsupervised learning problem which can be solved by using different clustering algorithms. A density based clustering technique was developed to measure the similarity between two datasets based on the number of links between instances. Our proposed clustering algorithm first finds the nearest neighbors of each instance, and then redefines the similarity between pairs of instances in terms of how many nearest neighbors share the two instances. The number of links between two instances is defined as the number of common neighbors they have. The results showed significant resemblances with in vitro experimental data. The results also offer a new insight into the dynamics of maspin and establish as a metastasis suppressor gene for further molecular research.
Asunto(s)
Simulación por Computador , Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Serpinas/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Apoptosis , Adhesión Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Neoplasias/patología , Unión Proteica , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Transducción de Señal , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
AIM: We compared post-breakfast closed-loop glucose control either matched with a carbohydrate-matching bolus or a weight-dependent bolus. METHODS: Twelve adults with type 1 diabetes consumed a 75 g CHO breakfast on two occasions. In random order, the breakfast was accompanied by a full carbohydrate-matching insulin bolus (8.30 U [7.50 U-11.50 U]) or a partial weight-dependent insulin bolus (0.047 U/kg; 3.45 U [2.95 U-3.75 U]). Postprandial glucose was regulated by sensor-responsive insulin and glucagon delivery. RESULTS: Glucose control after the weight-dependent bolus was safe and feasible (glucose values returned to pre-prandial levels after 5 h). However, 5-hr incremental area under the curve and percentage of time above 10 mmol/L were lower after the full bolus compared to the partial bolus (IAUC, 2.1 [0.8-4.2] mmol/L/hr vs 8.3 [6.5-11.4] mmol/L/hr; time in hyperglycaemia, 24% [6%-29%] vs 50% [25%-63%]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Post-breakfast closed-loop glucose control without carbohydrate counting, but based on weight-dependent bolus is feasible but a carbohydrate-matching bolus provides better glucose control. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT01519102.
Asunto(s)
Desayuno , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Periodo Posprandial , Adulto , Algoritmos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glucemia/metabolismo , Canadá , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Páncreas Artificial , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Salbutamol is a selective beta(2)-adrenoreceptor agonist with different pharmacological effects. In this research because of the simplicity of suppository application in elderly and its higher plasma concentration than tablets as well as its particular indication in premature labour, salbutamol suppositories were prepared. The suppositories were formulated containing 10 mg of the drug and Witepsol H15, the oleaginous soluble base using melting method. To optimize the release rate of drug, different surfactants namely, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as an ionic surfactant and Tween 80 as well as Arlacel 60 as non-ionic surfactants with different HLBs were chosen. The effect of surfactant concentration on the release rate of salbutamol from suppositories were also investigated. All prepared formulations fulfilled the specifications set down in British Pharmacopoeia. The results showed that Tween 80 (2%w/w) and SLS (0.75%w/w) caused an increase in dissolution rate of salbutamol from suppositories. As anionic surfactants, such as SLS, cause greater damage on mucosa than non-ionic surfactant, such as Tween 80, this study recommended that Tween 80 could be added in suppository formulation in order to increase the dissolution rate of salbutamol. It was also shown that the release rate of salbutamol altered linearly with the amount of Tween 80 in suppository formulations.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/química , Albuterol/química , Tensoactivos/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Polisorbatos/química , Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio/química , Solubilidad , SupositoriosRESUMEN
Aspirin ethylcellulose microcapsules were tableted by compression with or without excipients (lactose or polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP]). The effects of the amount of the excipients and microcapsule size on the crushing strength and release rate of aspirin from tableted microcapsules were investigated. Tablets without excipients had a crushing strength that was independent of the applied pressure and microcapsule size. An increase in compression pressure from 15 to 60 MPa resulted in an increase in the crushing strength of tablets containing 20% or 40% w/w lactose, but the reverse results were obtained for the tableted microcapsules containing 20% or 40% w/w PVP. Results showed that the release rate of aspirin from microcapsules containing lactose or PVP was independent of the compression pressure with the exception of tablets containing 40% w/w lactose. In vitro release profiles of aspirin from tableted microcapsules containing lactose or PVP showed that increasing the concentration of the excipients resulted in an increase in the release rate of aspirin. Values of n were changed by the compression pressure and the added excipients.
Asunto(s)
Aspirina/química , Cápsulas/farmacocinética , Excipientes/farmacología , Comprimidos/farmacocinética , Agua/química , Aspirina/farmacocinética , Celulosa/química , Lactosa/química , Povidona/química , Presión , Solubilidad , Comprimidos/químicaRESUMEN
The effects of different concentrations of various polysorbates on the release rate of atenolol from film-coated tablets were evaluated. The release profile of atenolol showed that increasing the concentration of polysorbate resulted in an increase in the release rate of atenolol. The type of polysorbate had less effect on the release rate of atenolol. This study revealed that the release kinetic of atenolol from these film-coated tablets was a function of polysorbate concentration. Correlation coefficients of kinetic models could not solely determine the suitability of the models; the sum of the least square of differences also should be calculated when different kinetic models have similar correlation coefficients.