RESUMEN
Novel Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, vibrio-shaped, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria, designated strains PAR180T and PAR190, were isolated from sediments collected at an alkaline crater lake in Guanajuato (Mexico). Strain PAR180T grew at temperatures between 15 and 40 °C (optimum 35 °C), and at pH between 8.3 and 10.4 (optimum 9). It was halotolerant, growing with up to 8â% (w/v) NaCl. Lactate, formate, pyruvate and ethanol were used as electron donors in the presence of sulfate and were incompletely oxidized to acetate and CO2. The isolate was able to grow with hydrogen and with CO2 as a carbon source. Beside sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate were used as terminal electron acceptors. The isolate was able to grow by disproportionation of sulfite and thiosulfate, but not elemental sulfur, using acetate as a carbon source. The predominant fatty acids were C16â:â0, C16â:â1ω7c and summed feature 10 (C18â:â1ω7c and/or C18â:â1ω9t and/or C18â:â1ω12t). The DNA G+C content was 56.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it belongs to the genus Desulfonatronum, class Deltaproteobacteria. Its closest relative is Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum (98.7â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain PAR180T and the type strain of D. thiosulfatophilum was 37.1±2.5â%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the isolates is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Desulfonatronum, for which the name Desulfonatronum parangueonense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAR180T (=DSM 103602T=JCM 31598T).
Asunto(s)
Deltaproteobacteria/clasificación , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Lagos/microbiología , Filogenia , Álcalis , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Deltaproteobacteria/genética , Deltaproteobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Desulfovibrio/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , México , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Abstract Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published.
Asunto(s)
Mataderos , Biota , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , AnaerobiosisRESUMEN
Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published.
Asunto(s)
Mataderos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Biota , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , AnaerobiosisRESUMEN
Wastewater from an anaerobic treatment plant at a slaughterhouse was analysed to determine the bacterial biodiversity present. Molecular analysis of the anaerobic sludge obtained from the treatment plant showed significant diversity, as 27 different phyla were identified. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thermotogae, Euryarchaeota (methanogens), and msbl6 (candidate division) were the dominant phyla of the anaerobic treatment plant and represented 21.7%, 18.5%, 11.5%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 8.8% of the total bacteria identified, respectively. The dominant bacteria isolated were Clostridium, Bacteroides, Desulfobulbus, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. Our results revealed the presence of new species, genera and families of microorganisms. The most interesting strains were characterised. Three new bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater were published. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Ecología , Saneamiento de Mataderos , Digestores de Biogás , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Medios de CultivoRESUMEN
A novel, anaerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium, designated strain Ra1766H(T), was isolated from sediments of the Guaymas basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) taken from a depth of 2002 âm. Cells were thin, motile, Gram-stain-positive, flexible rods forming terminal endospores. Strain Ra1766H(T) grew at temperatures of 25-45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.7-8.1 (optimum 7.5) and in a salinity of 5-60 g l(-1) NaCl (optimum 30 g l(-1)). It was an obligate heterotrophic bacterium fermenting carbohydrates (glucose and mannose) and organic acids (pyruvate and succinate). Casamino acids and amino acids (glutamate, aspartate and glycine) were also fermented. The main end products from glucose fermentation were acetate, butyrate, ethanol, H2 and CO2. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur, fumarate, nitrate, nitrite and Fe(III) were not used as terminal electron acceptors. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C14â : 0, C16 : 1ω7, C16 : 1ω7 DMA and C16 : 0. The main polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain Ra1766H(T) was affiliated to cluster XI of the order Clostridiales, phylum Firmicutes. The closest phylogenetic relative of Ra1766H(T) was Geosporobacter subterraneus (94.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phylogenetic inference and phenotypic properties, strain Ra1766H(T) ( = DSM 27501(T) = JCM 19377(T)) is proposed to be the type strain of a novel species of a novel genus, named Crassaminicella profunda.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias Anaerobias , Bacterias Anaerobias/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , California , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Fermentación , Compuestos Férricos , Bacterias Grampositivas/genética , México , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fosfolípidos/química , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sulfatos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Marine biofilms are a virtually untapped source of bioactive molecules that may find application as novel antifoulants in the marine paint industry. This study aimed at determining the potential of marine biofilm bacteria to produce novel biomolecules with potential application as natural antifoulants. Nine representative strains were isolated from a range of surfaces and were grown in YEB medium and harvested during the late exponential growth phase. Bacterial biomass and spent culture medium were extracted with ethanol and ethyl acetate, respectively. Extracts were assayed for their antifouling activity using two tests: (1) antimicrobial well diffusion test against a common fouling bacterium, Halomonas marina, and (2) anti-crustacean activity test using Artemia salina. Our results showed that none of the ethanolic extracts (bacterial biomass) were active in either test. In contrast, most of the organic extracts had antimicrobial activity (88%) and were toxic towards A. salina (67%). Sequencing of full 16 S ribosomal DNA analysis showed that the isolates were related to Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus firmus. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) profiling of ethyl acetate extracts of culture supernatants showed that these species produce the bioactive lipopeptides surfactin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin D.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Bacillus/metabolismo , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Halomonas/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Animales , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos , Bacillus/clasificación , Bacillus/genética , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carbonato de Calcio , Hydrocharitaceae/microbiología , Lipopéptidos/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Péptidos/metabolismo , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización DesorciónRESUMEN
A novel thermophilic, moderately halophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain MET-B(T), with a sheath-like outer structure (toga) was isolated from an offshore oil-producing well in Congo, West Africa. Strain MET-B(T) was a Gram-negative bacterium with the ability to reduce elemental sulfur, but not sulfate, thiosulfate or sulfite into sulfide. The optimum growth conditions were 60 degrees C, pH 6.7-7.2 and 4-6 % NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 34.6 mol%. Strain MET-B(T) was phylogenetically related to members of the genus Petrotoga; Petrotoga miotherma, Petrotoga olearia and Petrotoga mexicana were the closest relatives, with type strains exhibiting more than 99 % identity in an analysis of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. The values for DNA-DNA relatedness between the type strains of these three species and strain MET-B(T) were less than 42 %. As MET-B(T) was found to be genetically and physiologically different from other species of the genus Petrotoga, this strain is proposed as representing a novel species, for which the name Petrotoga halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MET-B(T) (=DSM 16923(T)=CCUG 50214(T)).
Asunto(s)
Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/clasificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/aislamiento & purificación , Calor , Petróleo , Cloruro de Sodio , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Congo , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Genes de ARNr , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/genética , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/fisiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A new alkaliphilic and moderately halophilic, strictly anaerobic, fermentative bacterium (strain IMP-300(T)) was isolated from a groundwater sample in the zone of the former soda lake Texcoco in Mexico. Strain IMP-300(T) was Gram-positive, non-sporulated, motile and rod-shaped. It grew within a pH range from 7.5 to 10.5, and an optimum at 9.5. The organism was obligately dependent on the presence of sodium salts. Growth showed an optimum at 35 degrees C with absence of growth above 45 degrees C. It fermented peptone and a few amino acids, preferentially arginine and ornithine, with production of acetate, propionate, and ammonium. Its fatty acid pattern was mainly composed of straight chain saturated, unsaturated, and cyclopropane fatty acids. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 40.0 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the new isolate belongs to the genus Tindallia, in the low G + C Gram-positive phylum. Phylogenetically, strain IMP-300(T) has Tindallia californiensis, as closest relative with a 97.5% similarity level between their 16S rDNA gene sequences, but the DNA-DNA re-association value between the two DNAs was only 42.2%. On the basis of differences in genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain IMP-300(T) is proposed as a new species of the genus Tindallia, T. texcoconensis sp. nov. (type strain IMP-300(T ) = DSM 18041(T) = JCM 13990(T)).
Asunto(s)
Álcalis/metabolismo , Agua Dulce/microbiología , Bacilos Grampositivos Asporogénicos/clasificación , Bacilos Grampositivos Asporogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología del Agua , Composición de Base , Carbonatos/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Fermentación , Agua Dulce/química , Genotipo , Bacilos Grampositivos Asporogénicos/genética , Bacilos Grampositivos Asporogénicos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacilos Grampositivos Asporogénicos/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , México , Fenotipo , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ribotipificación , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
A moderately thermophilic, sulphate-reducing bacterium, designated strain P6-2(T), was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring located at a height of 2,500 m in the Andean region, Colombia (5 degrees 43'69''N, 73 degrees 6'10''W). Cells of strain P6-2(T) were rod-shaped, stained Gram-negative and were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The strain grew lithotrophically with H(2) as the electron donor and organotrophically on lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, malate, fumarate, n-propanol and succinate in the presence of sulphate as the terminal electron acceptor. Fumarate and pyruvate was fermented. Strain P6-2(T) grew optimally at 55 degrees C (range 37-60 degrees C), pH 6.6 (range 5.8-8.8) in the presence of 0.5% NaCl (range 0-4.5%) with lactate and sulphate and produced acetate, CO(2) and H(2)S as the major end-products. Sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate could be used as electron acceptors but not elemental sulphur or nitrate. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 58.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain P6-2(T) was a member of the class Deltaproteobacteria, domain Bacteria with Desulfomicrobium baculatum being the closest relative (similarity value of 94%). Phylogeny of genes encoding alpha- and beta-subunits of the dissimilatory sulphite reductase (dsrAB genes) supported its affiliation to members of the genus Desulfomicrobium. On the basis of this evidence, we propose to assign strain P6-2(T) as new species of the genus Desulfomicrobium, D. thermophilum sp. nov., with strain P6-2(T) as the type strain (= DSM 16697(T) = CCUG 49732(T)).
Asunto(s)
Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos , Manantiales de Aguas Termales/microbiología , Filogenia , Microbiología del Agua , 1-Propanol/metabolismo , Ácidos Acíclicos/metabolismo , Composición de Base/genética , Colombia , Etanol/metabolismo , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos/genética , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos/aislamiento & purificación , Bacilos y Cocos Aerobios Gramnegativos/metabolismo , Calor , Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Sulfatos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. oxamicus (type strain, DSM 1925(T)) was found to use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, the latter being reduced to ammonium. Phylogenetic studies indicated that strain DSM 1925(T) was distantly related to the type strain of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (95.4 % similarity of the small-subunit rRNA gene) and had as its closest phylogenetic relatives two other nitrate- and sulfate-reducing bacteria, namely Desulfovibrio termitidis (99.4 % similarity) and Desulfovibrio longreachensis (98.4 % similarity). Additional experiments were conducted to characterize better strain DSM 1925(T). This strain incompletely oxidized lactate and ethanol to acetate. It also oxidized butanol, pyruvate and citrate, but not glucose, fructose, acetate, propionate, butyrate, methanol, glycerol or peptone. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 degrees C (range 16-50 degrees C) and the optimum NaCl concentration for growth was 0.1 % (range 0-5 %). Because of significant genotypic and phenotypic differences from Desulfovibrio termitidis and Desulfovibrio longreachensis, reclassification of Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. oxamicus as Desulfovibrio oxamicus sp. nov., comb. nov., is proposed. The type strain is strain Monticello 2(T) (=DSM 1925(T)=NCIMB 9442(T)=ATCC 33405(T)).
Asunto(s)
Desulfovibrio vulgaris/clasificación , Desulfovibrio/clasificación , Nitratos/metabolismo , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Desulfovibrio/genética , Desulfovibrio/metabolismo , Desulfovibrio/fisiología , Desulfovibrio vulgaris/genética , Desulfovibrio vulgaris/metabolismo , Desulfovibrio vulgaris/fisiología , Genes de ARNr/genética , Inhibidores de Crecimiento/farmacología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Oxidación-Reducción , Peptonas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/metabolismo , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A novel anaerobic, thermophilic, xylanolytic, motile rod-shaped bacterium with a sheath-like outer structure (toga) was isolated from a Mexican oil well in the Gulf of Mexico. Strain MET12T was a Gram-negative bacterium, reducing elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and sulfite to hydrogen sulfide. Its optimum growth conditions were 55 degrees C, pH 6.6, 3% NaCl and 0.15% MgCl2.6H2O. The DNA G+C content was 36.1 mol%. Phylogenetically, strain MET12T was related to members of genus Petrotoga, with similarities to Petrotoga mobilis, Petrotoga sibirica, Petrotoga miotherma and Petrotoga olearia varying from 97.6 to 98.8%. However DNA-DNA relatedness values between these species and strain MET12T were lower than 70%. As strain MET12T (=DSM 14811T=CIP 107371T) was genomically and phenotypically different from existing Petrotoga species, it is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Petrotoga mexicana sp. nov.
Asunto(s)
Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/clasificación , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Thermotoga maritima/clasificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/aislamiento & purificación , Bacilos Gramnegativos Anaerobios Rectos, Curvos y Espirales/metabolismo , México , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Thermotoga maritima/genética , Thermotoga maritima/aislamiento & purificación , Thermotoga maritima/metabolismo , Tiosulfatos/metabolismoRESUMEN
A novel Gram-positive, anaerobic and thermophilic bacterium, strain MET79(T), was isolated from an oil well located in the Gulf of Mexico. Cells were straight rods, motile by a subpolar flagellum. Spores were formed in old cultures. Inner gas vacuoles swelled the cells when exposed to air. The optimum growth conditions were 55 degrees C, pH 7.5 and 1 % NaCl. Yeast extract was required for growth. Strain MET79(T) fermented several sugars, some organic acids and Casamino acids. Glucose was fermented into lactate, acetate, butyrate, H(2) and CO(2). Strain MET79(T) reduced thiosulfate to hydrogen sulfide and nitrate to ammonium. The DNA G+C content was 30.9 mol%. The closest phylogenetic relative of strain MET79(T) was Caloranaerobacter azorensis (88.7 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity). As strain MET79(T) (=DSM 15102(T)=CIP 107615(T)) was physiologically and phylogenetically different from its closest relatives, it is assigned as the type strain of a novel species of a new genus, Garciella nitratireducens gen. nov., sp. nov.
Asunto(s)
Bacilos Grampositivos/clasificación , Bacilos Grampositivos/aislamiento & purificación , Anaerobiosis , Composición de Base , Secuencia de Bases , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Aceites Combustibles , Bacilos Grampositivos/genética , Bacilos Grampositivos/metabolismo , Calor , México , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Nitratos/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenotipo , Filogenia , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Tiosulfatos/metabolismo , Microbiología del AguaRESUMEN
A new spirilloid sulfate-reducing bacterium designated strain MET2(T) (T=type strain), was isolated from a Mexican oil field separator. Electron microscopy revealed a Gram-negative cell wall consisting of a 150nm thick undulating outer membrane. Strain MET2(T) appeared singly or in long chains and was actively motile with a corkscrew-like motion. The isolate grew optimally at 40 degrees C, pH 7.4 and 3% NaCl in a medium containing lactate, thiosulfate and yeast extract. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur served as electron acceptors but not nitrate or fumarate. Lactate, pyruvate and H(2) (with acetate as carbon source) were used as electron donors. Pyruvate was fermented. Desulfoviridin and cyt c were present. The G+C content of the DNA was 58.7mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing showed that strain MET2(T) was a member of the genus Desulfovibrio with "D. gracilis" and D. longus being its closest relatives (similarities of 98.3% and 97.1%, respectively). However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated poor homologies (values <70%) with both species. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MET2(T) (=DSM14982(T)=CIP107483(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a new species, Desulfovibrio capillatus sp. nov. GenBank accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence for MET2(T) is AY176773.
RESUMEN
A strictly anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, sporulating rod, designated strain Lup 33T, was isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in Mexico. Strain Lup 33T possessed a few laterally inserted flagella, had a DNA G+C content of 32.2 mol % and grew optimally at pH 7.4 and 40 degrees C. Growth was observed at temperatures of up to 50 degrees C and was inhibited in the presence of 5% NaCl. Strain Lup 33T is heterotrophic and utilized some sugars, peptides and various single amino acids. Gelatin and casein were not used as energy sources. It performed the Stickland reaction and reduced elemental sulfur to sulfide. Acetate was the only fatty acid detected from glucose fermentation, whereas acetate together with isobutyrate and isovalerate were found as end products from peptone fermentation. Phylogenetically, strain Lup 33T branched with members of cluster XII of the order Clostridiales, with Clostridium hastiforme as the closest relative (similarity of 93%). On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of the isolate, it is proposed as a novel species of a new genus, Sporanaerobacter acetigenes gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is strain Lup 33T (= DSM 13106T = CIP 106730T).