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Infectious wounds on the skin surface are easily colonized by bacteria from pyogenic group that manifest as inflammation, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen known for causing invasive state in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to detect the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes in P. aeruginosa using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The sample in this study was pus isolate from a 5-year-old boy with leg wounds. The bacteria were isolated on brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) media and identified with molecular identification. Sequencing and BLAST analysis were carried out to determine the similarity of gene identity by comparing sample sequence with other isolate sequences on the Gene Bank. The results of molecular identification showed amplification DNA band of around 934 base pairs (bp) for 16S rRNA and 225 bp for gyrB gene. The BLAST program demonstrated that the sample had 99.89% similarity with P. aeruginosa strain XC4 (accession code ON795960.1) for the 16S rRNA gene. Meanwhile, the gyrB gene exhibited 99.10% similarity with the P. aeruginosa strain PSA-1.2 (accession code KP172300.1).

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Although only a fraction of CTCF motifs are bound in any cell type, and approximately half of the occupied sites overlap cohesin, the mechanisms underlying cell-type specific attachment and ability to function as a chromatin organizer remain unknown. To investigate the relationship between CTCF and chromatin we applied a combination of imaging, structural and molecular approaches, using a series of brain and cancer associated CTCF mutations that act as CTCF perturbations. We demonstrate that binding and the functional impact of WT and mutant CTCF depend not only on the unique properties of each protein, but also on the genomic context of bound sites. Our studies also highlight the reciprocal relationship between CTCF and chromatin, demonstrating that the unique binding properties of WT and mutant proteins have a distinct impact on accessibility, TF binding, cohesin overlap, chromatin interactivity and gene expression programs, providing insight into their cancer and brain related effects.

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Although only a fraction of CTCF motifs are bound in any cell type, and approximately half of the occupied sites overlap cohesin, the mechanisms underlying cell-type specific attachment and ability to function as a chromatin organizer remain unknown. To investigate the relationship between CTCF and chromatin we applied a combination of imaging, structural and molecular approaches, using a series of brain and cancer associated CTCF mutations that act as CTCF perturbations. We demonstrate that binding and the functional impact of WT and mutant CTCF depend not only on the unique properties of each protein, but also on the genomic context of bound sites. Our studies also highlight the reciprocal relationship between CTCF and chromatin, demonstrating that the unique binding properties of WT and mutant proteins have a distinct impact on accessibility, TF binding, cohesin overlap, chromatin interactivity and gene expression programs, providing insight into their cancer and brain related effects.

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and complex communication needs often rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) as a means of functional communication. This meta-analysis investigated how individual characteristics moderate effectiveness of three types of aided AAC: the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), speech-generating devices (SGDs), and other picture-based AAC. Effectiveness was measured via the Improvement Rate Difference. Results indicated that AAC has small to moderate effects on speech outcomes, and that SGDs appear to be most effective when considering any outcome measure with individuals with ASD without comorbid intellectual/developmental disorders (IDD). PECS appears to be most effective when considering any outcome measure with individuals with ASD and IDD. SGDs and PECS were the most effective type of AAC for preschoolers, when aggregating across outcome measures. No difference was found between systems for elementary-aged and older individuals.

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There is a growing research literature on the potential benefits of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for individuals with autism; however few studies have investigated implementation of AAC within real-life contexts. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of training for practitioners in implementation of aided AAC, and to examine implementation of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in real-life contexts. In particular, this study involved the implementation of instructional coaching to increase opportunities offered by behavioral therapists for their preschool-aged clients to use PECS to make requests. Results indicated increases in therapist implementation of AAC and client use of AAC in trained contexts, with limited generalization to untrained contexts.

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The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a widely used picture/icon aided augmentative communication system designed for learners with autism and other developmental disorders. This meta-analysis analyzes the extant empirical literature for PECS relative to targeted (functional communication) and non-targeted concomitant outcomes (behavior, social skills, and speech) for learners with autism, learners with autism and intellectual disabilities and those with autism and multiple disabilities. Effect size analyses were done using the Improvement Rate Difference method, an advanced metric. Effect sizes were independently analyzed for targeted and non-targeted outcomes, student age, learner disability, and number of phases in the PECS protocol acquired by learners. Results supported the judgment that PECS is a promising intervention method. Analysis also revealed that functional communication outcomes associated with the PECS protocol were most impacted, that preschool children and those with autism generally showed the strongest training effects, and that in general students who advanced through the most PECS protocol phases had the best outcomes.

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This paper is devoted to computer-aided design of new extractants of the uranyl cation involving three main steps: (i) a QSPR study, (ii) generation and screening of a virtual combinatorial library, and (iii) synthesis of several predicted compounds and their experimental extraction studies. First, we performed a QSPR modeling of the distribution coefficient (logD) of uranyl extracted by phosphoryl-containing podands from water to 1,2-dichloroethane. Two different approaches were used: one based on classical structural and physicochemical descriptors (implemented in the CODESSA PRO program) and another one based on fragment descriptors (implemented in the TRAIL program). Three statistically significant models obtained with TRAIL involve as descriptors either sequences of atoms and bonds or atoms with their close environment (augmented atoms). The best models of CODESSA PRO include its own molecular descriptors as well as fragment descriptors obtained with TRAIL. At the second step, a virtual combinatorial library of 2024 podands has been generated with the CombiLib program, followed by the assessment of logD values using developed QSPR models. At the third step, eight of these hypothetical compounds were synthesized and tested experimentally. Comparison with experiment shows that developed QSPR models successfully predict logD values for 7 of 8 compounds from that "blind test" set.

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An anti-hapten IgG was covalently immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated alginate-chitosan gel beads. The antibody immobilization efficiency was influenced by glutaraldehyde-bead reaction time, IgG concentration and pH. In addition, immobilization conditions such as glutaraldehyde and antibody concentrations influenced antibody hapten binding affinity. The immobilized IgG on the beads was stable and no reduction in the percent binding to hapten was noticed following 25 days of storage. It was concluded that antibodies could be successfully immobilized on alginate-chitosan gel beads. Such a system can be applied for the development of immunoaffinity purification and immunoassays.

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Parameters affecting the characteristics of the drug loaded crosslinked sodium alginate matrix films and the release of metoclopramide hydrochloride and cisapride from these matrices were studied. It was shown that the release rate is influenced by the crosslinking technique of the matrix film, crosslinker type and concentration, drug physico-chemical properties especially solubility and the molecular weight, acidity of the release medium, concentration and the loaded quantity of the drug in the matrix. The crosslinking process of the matrix film was shown to be an interfacial phenomenon and the nature of crosslinking depends on the crosslinker type and concentration. This work also showed that crosslinked alginate in a matrix form has limitation in practical use due to the effect of acidic medium on the crosslinking of the matrix film and hence, the rate of drug release.

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