RESUMEN

The paper retraces the relationship between Freud and Jung by making use of their correspondence and showing what they themselves had to say about their own relationship and where they agreed and differed.

L'article retrace la relation entre Freud et Jung en utilisant leur correspondance et en montrant ce qu'eux-mêmes avaient à dire au sujet de leur relation et là où ils étaient en accord et en désaccord.

El presente trabajo da cuenta de la relación entre Freud y Jung por medio de su correspondencia y mostrando lo que ellos mismos han dicho sobre su propia relación y dónde han acordado y diferido.

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The article tries to throw new light on the Freud/Jung relationship. First, it studies the nature of the fundamental differences between the two theories. Second, it raises the question of what, and how much, each of them took over from the other, and reaches the conclusion that it was Freud who let himself be inspired to a greater degree than Jung did. Third, the stimulating effect of their conflicts and of their break on the respective development of their theories is underlined.

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The patient who is the subject of this article was the nationalistic Czech politician and journalist Gustav Eim. The authors publish for the first time a long and detailed referral letter of Freud's to Robert Binswanger, director of the sanatorium Bellevue in Kreuzlingen, as well as a short letter to Eim himself. The letters throw a light on Freud's early practice, and on his treatment of a prominent patient suffering from alcoholism and severe psychic disorders.

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An eyewitness account provides evidence of a significant clandestine effort to neutralize the legitimacy and authority of psychoanalysis. In a letter, the witness confirms the existence of a perfectly staged concerted action among German psychiatrists against Freud's influence in 1913. Their congress in Breslau was meant to present the united front of German psychiatrists, who were going on record as being against psychoanalysis and, in that context, to give Eugen Bleuler, a leading psychiatrist, whose (however half-hearted) support for psychoanalysis had alarmed his colleagues, a public opportunity for back-pedalling. The letter shows that Freud and his allies were not the only ones who tried to manage an intellectual movement by using informal networks and 'behind the scenes' manoeuvring.

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This paper examines the short-lived flirtation between psychoanalysis and academia and psychiatry in Europe and the reasons for, and consequences of, the fact that their paths diverged. It is argued that Bleuler's break with the psychoanalytic movement is a crucial and, until now, largely underestimated turning point. Bleuler's separation from the psychoanalytic movement was probably more important for the course it has since taken than those of Adler, Stekel, or even Jung. Bleuler's analysis by correspondence by Freud, and its failure, was of paramount importance for the future relationship between Freud and Bleuler, and for Bleuler's assessment of psychoanalysis.

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This article presents an overview of the existing editions of what Freud wrote (works, letters, manuscripts and drafts, diaries and calendar notes, dedications and margin notes in books, case notes, and patient calendars) and what he is recorded as having said (minutes of meetings, interviews, memoirs of and interviews with patients, family members, and followers, and other quotes). There follows a short overview of biographies of Freud and other documentation on his life. It is concluded that a wealth of material is now available to Freud scholars, although more often than not this information is used in a biased and partisan way.

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In the complexity of the entangled interactions within the group of psychoanalytical pionneers, their divergent interests and views, the Ferenczi-Jung relationship is of particular interest given the importance that both had in the field of the history of ideas. It is striking to discover some parallel lines, but interpersonal, institutional and socio-cultural factors contributed to the fact that this peaceful and complementary collaboration was not possible in the long run. Perhaps for the present generation, in retrospective, it is easier to notice seminal strokes and also some deficiencies in all these thinkers.

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