RESUMEN
Objectives: Parents are aware of the importance of anterior tooth esthetics in their children. Children also pay attention to their appearance more than ever. Today, charcoal has been added to toothpastes. Charcoal can help whiten teeth through abrasion. This study aimed to investigate the degree of bleaching and abrasion of charcoal toothpaste on primary teeth. Materials and Method: This in-vitro study was performed on 30 extracted primary teeth. Initially, the samples were polished, cut, and mounted in blocks of putty. The samples were placed in a coffee solution and then the tooth color was measured by a spectrophotometer and the initial surface profile was measured by a profilometer. The samples were brushed back and forth by the brushing machine with 20 gr Bancer, Beverly, and Colgate toothpastes (mixed with 40 ml of distilled water) for 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months). A color determination was performed again and a second surface profile was measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that all three Beverly, Bencer and Colgate whitening toothpastes increased the surface profile and made significant statistical changes in the roughness of dental specimens (P=0.01, P=0.005, P=0.001). The statistical study of the data did not show a significant difference between the groups in terms of abrasion and whitening properties (P=0.78, P= 0.99). Conclusion: Three whitening toothpastes whiten primary teeth and increase their surface roughness. These three toothpastes are not statistically different in terms of abrasion and whitening properties.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the intranasal premedication effect of newly introduced dexmedetomidine (DEX) versus midazolam on the behavior of uncooperative children in the dental clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 20 uncooperative children aged 2-6 years who required at least two similar dental treatment visits. The subjects were randomly given 1 µg/kg of DEX and 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam via the intranasal route. For the sedation protocol in the two groups, 0.25 mg/kg of atropine in combination with 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam added to 1-2 mg/kg of ketamine were used 30 minutes after premedication and transferring the patient to the operating room. Dental treatments were carried out by a pediatric dentist blinded to the type of the administered premedication. The sedative efficacy (overall success rate) of the agents was assessed by two independent pediatric dentists based on the Houpt scale. Data analyses were carried out according to Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the premedication efficacy of intranasal DEX and midazolam according to the Houpt scale (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal midazolam and DEX are satisfactory and effective premedication regimens for uncooperative children.
RESUMEN
Background and aims. There are several known sedative drugs, with midazolam and ketamine being the most commonly used drugs in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intranasal and oral midazolam plus ketamine in children with high levels of dental anxiety. Materials and methods. A crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 23 uncooperative children aged 3-6 (negative or definitely negative by Frankel scale), who required at least two similar dental treatment visits. Cases were randomly given ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) through oral or intranasal routes in each visit. The sedative efficacy of the agents was assessed by an overall success rate judged by two independent pediatric dentists based on Houpt's scale for sedation. Data analysis was carried out using Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. Results. Intranasal administration was more effective in reduction of crying and movement during dental procedures compared to oral sedation (P<0.05). Overall behavior control was scored higher in nasal compared to oral routes at the time of LA injection and after 15 minutes (P<0.05). The difference was found to be statistically significant at the start and during treatment. However, the difference was no longer significant after 30 minutes, with the vital signs remaining within physiological limits. Recovery time was longer in the intranasal group (P<0.001) with a more sleepy face (P=0.004). Conclusion. . Intranasal midazolam/ketamine combination was more satisfactory and effective than the oral route when sedating uncooperative children.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) around orthodontic bands following the application of two glass ionomer (GI) cements namely GC Gold Label and GC Fuji Plus for six to 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 186 permanent first molars of orthodontic patients requiring banding of at least two permanent first molars were chosen. The teeth were examined for caries and presence of WSLs by visual inspection and by DIAGNOdent (scores 0-29). Orthodontic bands were randomly cemented to the right or left molars using GC Gold Label or GC Fuji Plus GI cements. Samples were randomly divided into three groups and bands were removed after six, nine and 12 months in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The teeth were then examined for caries and presence of WSLs by visual inspection. DIAGNOdent was used on the buccal and lingual surfaces to determine the presence of WSLs. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, multivariate repeated measures ANOVA, the Kruskal Wallis and the Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Totally 174 teeth were evaluated. DIAGNOdent scores were not significantly different before cementation and after removal of bands in buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth in the two cement groups. Lesions simulating WSLs were seen in 21 out of 174 teeth but DIAGNOdent scores were not indicative of caries. CONCLUSION: Remarkable WSLs were not detected visually or by DIAGNOdent at six, nine or 12 months following the cementation of bands with two GI cements.
RESUMEN
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare inherited skin and mucous membrane disorders in which blister formation may arise spontaneously or following a minor friction. Various patterns of inheritance are explicated for the disease. The disease has a profound effect on oral mucosa and may result in high prevalence of dental caries. General anesthesia is sometimes the only choice for dental treatments in patients with EB. The following case report describes the dental and anesthetic management of an 12.5 -year-old girl with dystrophic type of EB. The patient was followed up every 6 months. New carious lesions were detected one year after the treatment, on the last visit. Presenting a perfect dental care to children with this disorder can be challenging for the in charge specialist, both pediatric dentist and anesthesiologist.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the radiographic and clinical success rates of direct pulp capping (DPC) using ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or calcium enriched mixture (CEM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 42 symptom-free carious vital primary molars (21 pairs) were selected in this split mouth trial and randomly pulpotomized in two experimental groups. Pinpoint pulp exposures were covered by the same blinded operator with MTA or CEM, and then restored by amalgam. Radiographic and clinical successes were evaluated at 20 month follow-up. Data were statistically analyzed using McNemar test. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were available for 20-month follow-up; only one failed tooth was extracted in the CEM group. All available teeth were symptom-free, however, the final evaluated success rate was 89% in CEM (CI 95%: 0.82-0.96) and 95% in MTA (CI 95%: 0.85-1) groups without statistical difference (P=0.360). Worst case scenario was applied for missing value analysis; assuming that the 2 lost cases in CEM group had failed and the only lost case in MTA group was due to treatment success, as a result the success of CEM and MTA were 81% (CI 95%: 0.72-0.90) and 95% (CI 95%:0.85-1), respectively, with no statistical difference (P=0.078). In the reverse scenario, the success of MTA and CEM were 86% (CI 95%: 0.78-0.94) and 90% (CI 95%: 0.82-0.98), respectively; again with no statistical difference (P=0.479). CONCLUSION: Effectiveness of MTA and CEM biomaterials for primary molars' DPC was similar; CEM can be a suitable alternative for MTA.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this trial was to compare clinical and radiographic success rates of direct pulp capping (DPC) using a novel biomaterial called Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement versus Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in primary molar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial 42 deciduous molars in 21 patients who had at least two teeth requiring DPC, were treated. The enrolled patients were between 5-8 years. The molar teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Patients and operators were blinded. The teeth were anaesthetized, caries were removed and after pinpoint exposure of dental pulp, haemostasis was achieved. The exposure points were capped with MTA or CEM cement. All teeth were restored with amalgam. Patients were recalled for the 6-month follow up. Statistical analysis was carried out using McNemar test. RESULTS: Thirty-eight teeth were available for follow up (19 in each group). The radiographic evaluations did not show failure in experimental groups; however, in clinical examinations one sinus tract was found in CEM cement group. Clinical success rates in CEM cement and MTA groups were 94.8% and 100%, respectively. Dentinal bridge formation was not observed in the two experimental groups. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between treatment outcomes of direct pulp capping with either CEM cement or MTA; therefore, both biomaterials can be used successfully for DPC in primary molar teeth.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: There are various studies looking at the effects of formocresol (FC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on pulpotomy of primary molars. This is a systematic review of literature comparing the success rates of MTA and FC in pulpotomy of primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study list was obtained using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, Iran Medex, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and also some hand searches contains through dental journals approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Papers which met the inclusion were accepted. The quality of studies for the meta-analysis was assessed by a series of validity criteria according to Jadad's scale. Eight qualified studies met the criteria. Terms of clinical outcomes and radiographic findings were evaluated in all studies to assess clinical success and root resorption. Fixed model was applied to aggregate the data of homogenous studies. A random effect model was carried out for measuring the effect size of heterogeneous studies. RESULTS: The overall clinical and radiographic success rates based on the data suggested that MTA was superior to FC (P=0.004) with the Odds Ratio=3.535 and 95% confidence interval (1.494-8.369). CONCLUSION: Primary molars pulpotomy with MTA have better clinical and radiographic success rates than FC. (Iranian Endodontic Journal 2008;3:45-9).