RESUMEN
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Objectives: To elucidate the lifestyle of in pharmaceutical company professionals, evaluating cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This is an observational, longitudinal, and prospective study conducted with 1,875 individuals of both sexes. In addition to a questionnaire to identify participants' lifestyle, calculation of body mass index, blood pressure measurement, and collection of blood samples to measure serum total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin were performed. Results: 83% of respondents had never smoked; 48.1% did not perform regular physical activity, and women tended to perform less physical activity than men; 57.6% consumed less than two servings of fruits or vegetables per day; 63.8% consumed fish less than once per week; 51.6% consumed less than one glass of sugary drinks per day, with women consuming fewer sugary drinks than men. Most participants had a body mass index from 25 to 29.9 m/kg2 or from 18.5 to 24.9 m/kg2 (43.6%), total cholesterol levels below 200 mg/dL (75.1%), glycated hemoglobin below 5.7% (86.0%), systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139 mmHg (47.6%), and diastolic blood pressure below 80 mmHg (56.1%). Conclusions: The data obtained in this study are consistent with those from the literature, demonstrating that it possible to improve habits such as smoking, diet, and physical activity.
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares representam a maior causa de morte em todo o mundo. Objetivos: Elucidar o estilo de vida de profissionais de uma indústria farmacêutica, avaliando os fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo observacional, longitudinal e prospectivo, realizado com 1.875 indivíduos de ambos os sexos. Além de questionário para identificar o estilo de vida, foram realizados cálculo do índice de massa corporal, aferição da pressão arterial e coleta de amostra de sangue para dosagem de colesterol total sérico e hemoglobina glicada. Resultados: 83% nunca tinham fumado; 48,1% não faziam atividade física regularmente e mulheres tendiam a realizar menos atividades físicas do que homens; 57,6% consumiam menos de duas porções de frutas ou verduras por dia; 63,8% consumiam peixe menos de uma vez por semana; 51,6% consumiam menos de um copo por dia de bebidas com açúcar, sendo que as mulheres consumiam menos bebidas açucaradas do que homens. A maioria dos participantes apresentou índice de massa corporal entre 25 e 29,9 m/kg2 ou entre 18,5 e 24,9 m/kg2 (43,6%), colesterol total abaixo de 200 mg/dL (75,1%), hemoglobina glicada abaixo de 5,7% (86,0%), pressão arterial sistólica entre 120-139 mmHg (47,6%), e pressão arterial diastólica menor que 80 mmHg (56,1%). Conclusões: Os dados são condizentes com informações de literatura, demonstrando que é possível melhorar hábitos como tabagismo, alimentação e prática de atividade física regularmente.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a vegetal polymeric biomaterial intended for bone substitution in horses and to investigate the responses of the equine third metacarpal bone to biomaterial implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six horses were submitted to osteotomy on the dorsal aspect of the left and right third metacarpal bones; one bone defect was randomly selected for treatment with biopolymer, while the other was left untreated and served as a control. Bone density was monitored radiographically after surgery and bone biopsy fragments were collected at the end of the 120-day follow-up period. Biopsy fragments were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Mean bone density values (mmAL) were greater in control defects (16.33 ± 1.6) than in polymer-treated defects (14.17 ± 1.7) at 120 days (p = 0.027). Light microscopy revealed greater percentages of new bone formation in control defects (50.15 ± 14.8) than in polymer treated defects (26.94 ± 12.1) at 120 days (p < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested a similar quality of pre-existing bone and new bone formed in the presence of biomaterial. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The absence of adverse reactions supports biomaterial biocompatibility and osteoconducting capacity and suggests the castor oil polymer is a suitable bone substitute for the treatment of bone defects in horses.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Aceite de Ricino/uso terapéutico , Huesos del Metacarpo/cirugía , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Densidad Ósea , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Caballos/cirugía , Masculino , Huesos del Metacarpo/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos del Metacarpo/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Osteotomía/veterinaria , Polímeros/uso terapéutico , RadiografíaRESUMEN
A fenda palatina (palatosquise) é uma afecção congênita incomum em equinos jovens. Sua etiologia é desconhecida e caracteriza-se por falha na fusão do processo palatino lateral ocorrido no 47º dia de gestação. A principal sintomatologia é disfagia com descarga nasal alimentar bilateral pós-prandial e o diagnóstico definitivo dá-se por endoscopia das vias aéreas superiores. O prognóstico é melhor em cirurgia de correção da fenda palatina no palato mole quando comparada com a cirurgia no palato duro, mas o objetivo da correção é o mesmo: eliminar o refluxo nasal de alimentos e reduzir o risco de aspiração do conteúdo alimentar. O objetivo do relato de caso é disponibilizar aos profissionais de clínica e cirurgia de equinos informações sobre a incidência, tratamento e complicações dos animais acometidos pela afecção congênita fenda palatina. Um potro, Quarto-de-Milha de 30 dias, apresentando disfagia e leite nas narinas após mamar foi encaminhado ao serviço de cirurgia de grandes animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP (HOVET - FMVZ/USP). Mediante endoscopia das vias aéreas superiores, diagnosticou-se fenda palatina. Para correção da palatosquise, optou-se pela técnica cirúrgica faringotomia, que consiste na incisão do osso base-hioide envolvendo o terço caudal do palato mole. Os neonatos apresentam maior incidência de efeitos adversos e alta mortalidade anestésica, portanto a anestesia para correção desta afecção consiste em complicações inerentes aos pacientes dessa idade como maior predisposição à hipoglicemia, hipoxemia e hipoventilação. No dia seguinte ao procedimento, houve desconforto abdominal e encaminhamento à laparotomia exploratória. O animal apresentou diversas complicações e no 11º dia de internação foi realizada a eutanásia. [...](AU)
The cleft palate (palatoschisis) is an uncommon congenital condition in young horses. Its etiology is unknown and is characterized by failure of the fusion of the lateral palatine process occurred on the 47th gestational day. The main symptomatology is dysphagia with bilateral postprandial alimentary nasal discharge and the diagnosis is by upper airways endoscopy. The prognosis is better in soft palate cleft surgery compared to hard palate surgery, but the goal of correction is the same: eliminate nasal reflux of food and reduce aspiration risk of food content. This case report is to provide clinicians and equine surgery professionals information on the incidence, treatment and complications of animals affected the congenital cleft palate. A 30 day old foal,presenting dysphagia and milk in the nostrils after nurse was attended at Large Animals Surgical Service of Veterinary Hospital in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of USP (HOVET - FMVZ/USP). Upper airways endoscopy revealed a cleft palate. For correction of palatoschisis, the surgeons opted for the surgical technique pharyngotomy, which consists in incision in the base-hyoid bone involving the soft palate ' s caudal third. Neonates are higher incidents of adverse effects and high anesthetic mortality, therefore, anesthesia in this case shows greater predisposition to hypoglycemia, hypoxemia and hypoventilation. One day after soft palate surgery, foal had an abdominal discomfort and referral to exploratory laparotomy. The animal had several complications and on 11th day of hospitalization it was performed in euthanasia. [...](AU)
El paladar hendido (palatosquisis) es una afección congénita poco común en equinos jóvenes. Su etiología es desconocida y se caracteriza por una falia en la fusión del proceso palatino lateral ocurrido en el 470 día de gestación. La principal sintomatología es disfagia con descarga nasal alimentar bilateral post prandial y el diagnóstico definitivo se da por endoscopia de las vías aéreas superiores. El pronóstico es mejor en cirugía de corrección de la hendidura palatina en el paladar blando cuando comparada con la cirugía en el paladar duro, pero el objetivo de la corrección es el mismo: eliminar el reflujo nasal del alimento y reducir los riesgos de aspiración del contenido alimentar. El objetivo del relato del caso es ofrecer a los profesionales de clínica y cirugía de equinos información sobre la incidencia, tratamiento y complicaciones de los animales acometidos por la afección congénita del paladar hendido. Un potro, cuarto de milla de 30 días, presentando disfagia y leche en los orificios nasales después de mamar fue encaminado al servicio de cirugía de grandes animales del Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la USP (HOVET - FMVZlUSP). Mediante endoscopia de las vías aéreas superiores, se diagnosticó paladar hendido. Para corregir la palatosquisis, fue elegida la técnica quirúrgica de la faringotomía, que consiste en la incisión del hueso base hioides envolviendo el tercio caudal del paladar blando. Los neonatos presentan mayor incidencia de efectos adversos y alta mortalidad anestésica, por 10 tanto, la anestesia para corrección de esta afección consiste en complicaciones inherentes a los pacientes de esa edad como mayor predisposición a la hipoglucemia, hipoxemia e hipoventilación. Al día siguiente del procedimiento, hubo malestar abdominal y fue encaminado a una laparotomía exploratoria. El animal presentó diversas complicaciones y en el 11 o día de la internación, fue realizada la eutanasia. [...](AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Recién Nacido , Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Fisura del Paladar/terapia , Fisura del Paladar/veterinaria , Caballos , Animales Recién NacidosRESUMEN
A fenda palatina (palatosquise) é uma afecção congênita incomum em equinos jovens. Sua etiologia é desconhecida e caracteriza-se por falha na fusão do processo palatino lateral ocorrido no 47º dia de gestação. A principal sintomatologia é disfagia com descarga nasal alimentar bilateral pós-prandial e o diagnóstico definitivo dá-se por endoscopia das vias aéreas superiores. O prognóstico é melhor em cirurgia de correção da fenda palatina no palato mole quando comparada com a cirurgia no palato duro, mas o objetivo da correção é o mesmo: eliminar o refluxo nasal de alimentos e reduzir o risco de aspiração do conteúdo alimentar. O objetivo do relato de caso é disponibilizar aos profissionais de clínica e cirurgia de equinos informações sobre a incidência, tratamento e complicações dos animais acometidos pela afecção congênita fenda palatina. Um potro, Quarto-de-Milha de 30 dias, apresentando disfagia e leite nas narinas após mamar foi encaminhado ao serviço de cirurgia de grandes animais do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP (HOVET - FMVZ/USP). Mediante endoscopia das vias aéreas superiores, diagnosticou-se fenda palatina. Para correção da palatosquise, optou-se pela técnica cirúrgica faringotomia, que consiste na incisão do osso base-hioide envolvendo o terço caudal do palato mole. Os neonatos apresentam maior incidência de efeitos adversos e alta mortalidade anestésica, portanto a anestesia para correção desta afecção consiste em complicações inerentes aos pacientes dessa idade como maior predisposição à hipoglicemia, hipoxemia e hipoventilação. No dia seguinte ao procedimento, houve desconforto abdominal e encaminhamento à laparotomia exploratória. O animal apresentou diversas complicações e no 11º dia de internação foi realizada a eutanásia. [...]
The cleft palate (palatoschisis) is an uncommon congenital condition in young horses. Its etiology is unknown and is characterized by failure of the fusion of the lateral palatine process occurred on the 47th gestational day. The main symptomatology is dysphagia with bilateral postprandial alimentary nasal discharge and the diagnosis is by upper airways endoscopy. The prognosis is better in soft palate cleft surgery compared to hard palate surgery, but the goal of correction is the same: eliminate nasal reflux of food and reduce aspiration risk of food content. This case report is to provide clinicians and equine surgery professionals information on the incidence, treatment and complications of animals affected the congenital cleft palate. A 30 day old foal,presenting dysphagia and milk in the nostrils after nurse was attended at Large Animals Surgical Service of Veterinary Hospital in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of USP (HOVET - FMVZ/USP). Upper airways endoscopy revealed a cleft palate. For correction of palatoschisis, the surgeons opted for the surgical technique pharyngotomy, which consists in incision in the base-hyoid bone involving the soft palate ' s caudal third. Neonates are higher incidents of adverse effects and high anesthetic mortality, therefore, anesthesia in this case shows greater predisposition to hypoglycemia, hypoxemia and hypoventilation. One day after soft palate surgery, foal had an abdominal discomfort and referral to exploratory laparotomy. The animal had several complications and on 11th day of hospitalization it was performed in euthanasia. [...]
El paladar hendido (palatosquisis) es una afección congénita poco común en equinos jóvenes. Su etiología es desconocida y se caracteriza por una falia en la fusión del proceso palatino lateral ocurrido en el 470 día de gestación. La principal sintomatología es disfagia con descarga nasal alimentar bilateral post prandial y el diagnóstico definitivo se da por endoscopia de las vías aéreas superiores. El pronóstico es mejor en cirugía de corrección de la hendidura palatina en el paladar blando cuando comparada con la cirugía en el paladar duro, pero el objetivo de la corrección es el mismo: eliminar el reflujo nasal del alimento y reducir los riesgos de aspiración del contenido alimentar. El objetivo del relato del caso es ofrecer a los profesionales de clínica y cirugía de equinos información sobre la incidencia, tratamiento y complicaciones de los animales acometidos por la afección congénita del paladar hendido. Un potro, cuarto de milla de 30 días, presentando disfagia y leche en los orificios nasales después de mamar fue encaminado al servicio de cirugía de grandes animales del Hospital Veterinario de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la USP (HOVET - FMVZlUSP). Mediante endoscopia de las vías aéreas superiores, se diagnosticó paladar hendido. Para corregir la palatosquisis, fue elegida la técnica quirúrgica de la faringotomía, que consiste en la incisión del hueso base hioides envolviendo el tercio caudal del paladar blando. Los neonatos presentan mayor incidencia de efectos adversos y alta mortalidad anestésica, por 10 tanto, la anestesia para corrección de esta afección consiste en complicaciones inherentes a los pacientes de esa edad como mayor predisposición a la hipoglucemia, hipoxemia e hipoventilación. Al día siguiente del procedimiento, hubo malestar abdominal y fue encaminado a una laparotomía exploratoria. El animal presentó diversas complicaciones y en el 11 o día de la internación, fue realizada la eutanasia. [...]
Asunto(s)
Animales , Recién Nacido , Caballos , Fisura del Paladar/complicaciones , Fisura del Paladar/terapia , Fisura del Paladar/veterinaria , Animales Recién NacidosRESUMEN
Background: Thermography is a diagnostic imaging modality employed to estimate the degree of activity of some bodytissues. In theory, thermography would be expected to provide a graphical representation of inflammation and could therefore be used for early detection and monitoring of the inflammatory process. Given increased local temperature is one ofthe cardinal signs of inflammation, thermography could be an invaluable diagnostic method for musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of thermography to detect inflammation followingimplantation of ricin polyurethane polymer into experimental third metacarpal bone defects in horses.Materials, Methods & Results: A bone defect was produced in the proximal third of the metacarpal bone in 6 horses.Clinical examination of all horses was performed prior to surgery (control assessment; D0). A bone defect measuring13 mm in diameter was created in the proximal aspect of the left and right third metacarpal bones using a trephine saw.Bone defects in each horse were either filled with ricin polyurethane polymer and calcium carbonate (polymer limb) orleft untreated (control limb). Thermographic images were acquired 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days following surgery. Athermal camera (Thermacam T400®) with 0.05°C thermal sensitivity was employed for infrared thermal image acquisitionand Rainbow High Contrast palette was selected. The distance between the camera and the subjects was adjusted so thatall images included the front limb from carpus to toe. Bandages were removed 30 min before data collection. Followingdemarcation of the proximal third metacarpal area on thermographic images, temperature readings were performed using built-in software and compared between polymer and control limbs. Mean temperatures were used in the analysis forincreased reliability. The Freidman test was employed to assess the progression of the variables studied along the experimental...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Caballos , Huesos del Metacarpo/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos del Metacarpo/trasplante , Poliuretanos/uso terapéutico , Regeneración Ósea , Termografía/veterinaria , Ricinus , Polímeros , Materiales BiocompatiblesRESUMEN
Background: Thermography is a diagnostic imaging modality employed to estimate the degree of activity of some bodytissues. In theory, thermography would be expected to provide a graphical representation of inflammation and could therefore be used for early detection and monitoring of the inflammatory process. Given increased local temperature is one ofthe cardinal signs of inflammation, thermography could be an invaluable diagnostic method for musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of thermography to detect inflammation followingimplantation of ricin polyurethane polymer into experimental third metacarpal bone defects in horses.Materials, Methods & Results: A bone defect was produced in the proximal third of the metacarpal bone in 6 horses.Clinical examination of all horses was performed prior to surgery (control assessment; D0). A bone defect measuring13 mm in diameter was created in the proximal aspect of the left and right third metacarpal bones using a trephine saw.Bone defects in each horse were either filled with ricin polyurethane polymer and calcium carbonate (polymer limb) orleft untreated (control limb). Thermographic images were acquired 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days following surgery. Athermal camera (Thermacam T400®) with 0.05°C thermal sensitivity was employed for infrared thermal image acquisitionand Rainbow High Contrast palette was selected. The distance between the camera and the subjects was adjusted so thatall images included the front limb from carpus to toe. Bandages were removed 30 min before data collection. Followingdemarcation of the proximal third metacarpal area on thermographic images, temperature readings were performed using built-in software and compared between polymer and control limbs. Mean temperatures were used in the analysis forincreased reliability. The Freidman test was employed to assess the progression of the variables studied along the experimental...