RESUMEN
Flight data obtained between 1990 and 1997 from the Cosmic Radiation Environment Monitors CREAM & CREDO carried on UoSAT-3, Space Shuttle, STRV-1a (Space Technology Research Vehicle) and APEX (Advanced Photovoltaic and Electronics Experiment Spacecraft) provide coverage over half a solar cycle. The modulation of cosmic rays and evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly are observed, the former comprising a factor of three increase at high latitudes and the latter a general increase accompanied by a north-westward drift. Comparison of particle fluxes and linear energy transfer (LET) spectra is made with improved environment & radiation transport calculations which account for shield distributions and secondary particles. While there is an encouraging convergence between predictions and observations, significant improvements are still required, particularly in the treatment of locally produced secondary particles. Solar-particle events during this time period have LET spectra significantly below the October 1989 event which has been proposed as a worst case model.
Asunto(s)
Radiación Cósmica , Modelos Teóricos , Protones , Monitoreo de Radiación/instrumentación , Actividad Solar , Océano Atlántico , Transferencia Lineal de Energía , Neutrones , Dosis de Radiación , América del Sur , Nave Espacial/instrumentación , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Flight data obtained between 1995 and 1997 from the Cosmic Radiation Environment Monitors CREAM & CREDO carried on UoSat-3, Space Shuttle, STRV-1a (Space Technology Research Vehicle) and APEX (Advanced Photovoltaic and Electronics Experiment Spacecraft) have been added to the dataset affording coverage since 1990. The modulation of cosmic rays and evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly are observed, the former comprising a factor three increase at high latitudes and the latter a general increase accompanied by a westward drift. Comparison of particle fluxes and linear energy transfer spectra is made with improved environment & radiation transport calculations which account for shield distributions and secondary particles. While there is an encouraging convergence between predictions and observations, significant improvements are still required, particularly in the treatrnent of locally produced secondary particles.
Asunto(s)
Radiación Cósmica , Monitoreo de Radiación/instrumentación , Protección Radiológica , Actividad Solar , Vuelo Espacial/instrumentación , Océano Atlántico , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Transferencia Lineal de Energía , Neutrones , Protones , Dosis de Radiación , América del Sur , Nave Espacial/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
To facilitate teaching of inhalation technique to children, we have developed an aerosol inhalation teaching device by modifying the jacket of a canister nebulizer so that inhalation is accompanied by a horn sound and a flashlight is turned on when the canister is actuated. The device was evaluated in 33 children with asthma who had either never used a canister nebulizer (13 patients) or used incorrect technique (20 patients). The inhalation technique was first taught with conventionally, that is, verbal directions and demonstration with a canister nebulizer for 10 minutes. Only 10 (30%) of 33 children learned the technique. The remaining 23 were then taught with the special device. Twenty of 23 learned the technique within 10 minutes, but three others took longer. In a second study, 22 children, 11 of whom were beginners and 11 incorrect users, were instructed with the teaching device from the beginning. Seventeen (77%) learned the technique within 10 minutes; five others took longer. Most children can be taught the aerosol inhalation technique with this easily constructed device.
Asunto(s)
Aerosoles/administración & dosificación , Broncodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Nebulizadores y Vaporizadores , Adolescente , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , MétodosRESUMEN
Results of single-dose therapy of urinary tract infections in pediatric patients have been contradictory mainly because of selection criteria. We evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of gentamicin in patients with normal urinary tracts and in whom urinary tract infections were recurrent. Twenty-one patients were included in the study, and a similar number in a conventional group given treatment for 10 days. Cure rate was 100% in both groups. The recurrence rates of 67% in the study and 52% in the conventional group were comparable. Single-dose therapy seems to have a role in the treatment of urinary tract infection in the absence of urinary tract malformation.
Asunto(s)
Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Niño , Esquema de Medicación , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Recurrencia , Sistema Urinario/anatomía & histología , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiologíaAsunto(s)
Albuterol/administración & dosificación , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Terbutalina/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Adolescente , Aerosoles , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/fisiopatología , Niño , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Preescolar , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Infecciones por Proteus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Urinarias/diagnóstico , Antiinfecciosos Urinarios/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones por Proteus/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteus mirabilis , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in cord sera of 1,010 healthy term infants of black, white and Hispanic background, by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique of Fagerhol and Laurell. Among the black group, M prevalence (97%) was higher than among the Hispanic group (88%). MS prevalance in the Hispanic group (6.7%) was higher than among black (1.5%) or white (3.9%) infants. Among those with an M pattern a "step" variant representing a shift of the relative amounts of protein in the major peaks of the M pattern, was found in 96% of neonates, but only among 9.8% of infants one months to two years of age and 18% among children two to ten years of age, regardless of race. Quantitative values of alpha 1-antitrypsin were not decreased among MS and MZ infants.