RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: During the course of our routine renal ultrasound examinations, we noticed that some children who developed dilatation of a renal pelvis following voiding had reflux found on voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). PURPOSE: To determine if increase in renal pelvic size on post-void ultrasound is an accurate predictor of vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven children (113 kidneys) underwent renal ultrasound and VCUG on the same day. Anteroposterior dimensions of the renal pelves were prospectively measured on ultrasound prior to and following patient voiding and correlated with the results of the VCUG. RESULTS: The diameter of the renal pelvis increased in 12 and decreased in 38 kidneys on post-void ultrasound. Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 19 kidneys and among these kidneys, renal pelvic diameter increased in 2, decreased in 7, and was unchanged in 10 following voiding. There was no significant correlation between post-void change in renal pelvic diameter and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux. CONCLUSION: Increase in renal pelvic size on post-void ultrasound is not a reliable indicator of vesicoureteral reflux.
Asunto(s)
Pelvis Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Reflujo Vesicoureteral/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Ultrasonografía , MicciónAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Bronquiales/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Absorciometría de Fotón , Bronquios/anomalías , Bronquiolitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Broncografía , Niño , Fibrosis Quística/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Much has changed in pediatric renal replacement therapy during the past decade. Even the smallest critically ill patients can be temporarily supported, and chronic peritoneal and hemodialysis in young children has become routine. Although improved technical capabilities often may raise difficult ethical dilemmas, the health care team must know that such therapeutic modalities are available for the pediatric patient.
Asunto(s)
Terapia de Reemplazo Renal , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
We examined perceptions about academic cheating in comparable 11th-grade students from Costa Rica, Germany, and the United States to assess the similarities and differences associated with the different societies, with achievement status, and with gender. German students generally differed substantially from both Costa Rican and U.S. students in perceptions of the problem, critical attributes of cheating, causes of cheating, and beliefs about effective ways to control cheating in the school. We did find some important similarities across all three samples, however. Achievement and gender effects were less substantial but were uniform across the three groups.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Comparación Transcultural , Fraude/psicología , Control Interno-Externo , Psicología del Adolescente , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Costa Rica , Femenino , Alemania , Humanos , Masculino , Estados Unidos , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Prostitution-involved adolescents self assigned into one of three groups: school attenders (of alternative street school), unable to attend, and school refusers. Data were collected at intake and 50 days after intake for the following measures: Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Quality of School Life Scale, and self-reported weekly prostitution events. School attenders improved significantly on all measures, showing less depression, improved school sentiment, improved self-esteem, and reduced prostitution activity after less than 2 months of street school. Except for self-esteem, no significant changes on these dependent variables were observed for either of the other school groups.
Asunto(s)
Instituciones Académicas , Trabajo Sexual , Abandono Escolar/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Depresión , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoimagen , Factores Socioeconómicos , WashingtónRESUMEN
Two hundred students in grades 4-8 and 10 participated in a study of school theft. Students responded to a four-part questionnaire designed to measure perceptions of theft incidence and seriousness, personal responsibility for correcting theft, causal attributions of theft, and perceived consequences of thievery. A main grade effect was observed for personal responsibility and consequences, but represented counter directions. Eighth graders reported the highest incidence of theft, and females prescribed harsher penalties for theft. Results only weakly support a developmental interpretation of school theft patterns. Overall, students uniformly report that theft is a major problem in their schools.
Asunto(s)
Actitud , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Instituciones Académicas , Robo , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Inteligencia , Control Interno-Externo , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Masculino , Principios Morales , Grupo Paritario , Ajuste Social , Responsabilidad SocialRESUMEN
Examination of fishes from Torch Lake, Houghton County, Mich., revealed epizootic neoplasms of several types in two closely related species. Saugers, Stizostedion canadense, and walleyes, Stizostedion vitreum, were commonly affected with hepatocellular carcinomas, dermal ossifying fibromas, and perivisceral masses resembling mesotheliomas that were usually associated with the mesenteric capsule of the spleen. Saugers were 100% affected with liver neoplasms. Histopathologic and ultrastructural aspects of the neoplasms are described. Torch Lake has been used as a repository for copper mining waste to the extent that an estimated 20% of the original volume has been filled in by these materials. Several direct and indirect etiologic roles for the mine waste as causative agents of the fish tumors are discussed.